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Seasonal increase in nest defense,but not egg rejection,in a cuckoo host

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 50-54页

作者： Bo Zhou Wei liang Ministry of Education key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China Institute of Biological Resources Jiangxi Academy of ScienceNanchang 330096China

The interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts provide an informative and easy-to-handle system for studying *** brood parasitism reduces the reproductive success of hosts,and thus,hosts have evolved anti-parasitic strategies,such as rejecting parasitic eggs and adopting aggressive nest defense strategies,to avoid the cost brought on by brood *** test whether host anti-parasitic strategies are adjusted with the risk of being parasitized when the breeding seasons of brood parasites and hosts are not synchronous,we conducted a field experiment assessing nest defense and egg recognition behaviors of the Isabelline Shrike(Lanius isabellinus),a host of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).In the local area,the host Isabelline Shrike begins to breed in April,whereas the summer migratory Common Cuckoo migrates to the local area in May and begins to lay parasitic *** showed that nest defense behaviors of the Isabelline Shrike increases significantly after cuckoo arrival,showing higher aggressiveness to cuckoo dummies,with no significant difference in attack rates among cuckoo,sparrowhawk and dove dummies,but their egg rejection did not change *** results imply that Isabelline Shrikes may adjust their nest defense behavior,but not egg rejection behavior,with seasonality.

关键词： Aggression Anti-parasite strategy Egg rejection Mismatch cuckoo parasitism Nest defense

The low Mach number limit of non-isentropic magnetohydrodynamic equations with large temperature variations in bounded domains

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第4期67卷 787-818页

作者： Min liang Yaobin Ou School of Mathematics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

This paper verifies the low Mach number limit of the non-isentropic compressible magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)equations with or without the magnetic diffusion in a three-dimensional bounded domain when the temperature variation is large but *** uniform estimates of strong solutions are established in a short time interval independent of the Mach number,provided that the slip boundary condition for the velocity and the Neumann boundary condition for the temperature are imposed and the initial data is well-prepared.

关键词： low Mach number limit non-isentropic compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations large temperature variations bounded domains

Recognition and rejection of foreign eggs of different colors in Barn Swallows

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 374-378页

作者： Kui Yan Wei liang Ministry of Education key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Brood parasitic birds lay eggs in the nests of other birds,and the parasitized hosts can reduce the cost of raising unrelated offspring through the recognition of parasitic *** can adopt vision-based cognitive mechanisms to recognize foreign eggs by comparing the colors of foreign and host ***,there is currently no uniform conclusion as to whether this comparison involves the single or multiple threshold decision *** this study,we tested both hypotheses by adding model eggs of different colors to the nests of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)of two geographical populations breeding in Hainan and Heilongjiang Provinces in *** showed that Barn Swallows rejected more white model eggs(moderate mimetic to their own eggs)and blue model eggs(highly non-mimetic eggs with shorter reflectance spectrum)than red model eggs(highly nonmimetic eggs with longer reflectance spectrum).There was no difference in the rejection rate of model eggs between the two populations of Barn Swallows,and clutch size was not a factor affecting egg *** results are consistent with the single rejection threshold *** study provides strong experimental evidence that the color of model eggs can has an important effect on egg recognition in Barn Swallows,opening up new avenues to uncover the evolution of cuckoo egg mimicry and explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the visual recognition of foreign eggs by hosts.

关键词： Barn Swallow Egg color Hirundo rustica Multiple rejection threshold Single rejection threshold Visual recognition system

HgaNets:Fusion of Visual Data and Skeletal Heatmap for Human Gesture Action Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1089-1103页

作者： Wuyan liang Xiaolong Xu School of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210023China

Recognition of human gesture actions is a challenging issue due to the complex patterns in both visual andskeletal features. Existing gesture action recognition (GAR) methods typically analyze visual and skeletal data,failing to meet the demands of various scenarios. Furthermore, multi-modal approaches lack the versatility toefficiently process both uniformand disparate input ***, in this paper, an attention-enhanced pseudo-3Dresidual model is proposed to address the GAR problem, called HgaNets. This model comprises two independentcomponents designed formodeling visual RGB (red, green and blue) images and 3Dskeletal heatmaps, *** specifically, each component consists of two main parts: 1) a multi-dimensional attention module forcapturing important spatial, temporal and feature information in human gestures;2) a spatiotemporal convolutionmodule that utilizes pseudo-3D residual convolution to characterize spatiotemporal features of gestures. Then,the output weights of the two components are fused to generate the recognition results. Finally, we conductedexperiments on four datasets to assess the efficiency of the proposed model. The results show that the accuracy onfour datasets reaches 85.40%, 91.91%, 94.70%, and 95.30%, respectively, as well as the inference time is 0.54 s andthe parameters is 2.74M. These findings highlight that the proposed model outperforms other existing approachesin terms of recognition accuracy.

关键词： Gesture action recognition multi-dimensional attention pseudo-3D skeletal heatmap

The Boundary Element Method for Ordinary State-Based Peridynamics

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2807-2834页

作者： Xue liang Linjuan Wang State key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China CAPT-HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoECollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China School of Astronautics Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

The peridynamics(PD),as a promising nonlocal continuum mechanics theory,shines in solving discontinuous *** to now,various numerical methods,such as the peridynamic mesh-free particlemethod(PD-MPM),peridynamic finite element method(PD-FEM),and peridynamic boundary element method(PD-BEM),have been ***-BEM,in particular,outperforms other methods by eliminating spurious boundary softening,efficiently handling infinite problems,and ensuring high computational ***,the existing PD-BEM is constructed exclusively for bond-based peridynamics(BBPD)with fixed Poisson’s ratio,limiting its applicability to crack propagation problems and scenarios involving infinite or semi-infinite *** this paper,we address these limitations by introducing the boundary element method(BEM)for ordinary state-based peridynamics(OSPD-BEM).Additionally,we present a crack propagationmodel embeddedwithin the framework ofOSPD-BEM to simulate crack *** validate the effectiveness of OSPD-BEM,we conduct four numerical examples:deformation under uniaxial loading,crack initiation in a double-notched specimen,wedge-splitting test,and threepoint bending *** results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of OSPD-BEM,highlighting its capability to successfully eliminate spurious boundary softening phenomena under varying Poisson’s ***,OSPDBEMsignificantly reduces computational time and exhibits greater consistencywith experimental results compared to PD-MPM.

关键词： Ordinary state-based peridynamics boundary element method crack propagation fracture toughness

Extreme climate sparks record boreal wildfires and carbon surge in 2023

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 7-8页

作者： Lili liang Shijing liang Zhenzhong Zeng School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

While human activities,such as the burning of fossil fuels,are the primary contributors to the increase in atmospheric CO_(2) levels,large-scale wildfires can exacerbate this *** years with extensive and severe wildfires,additional carbon emissions can significantly perturb global carbon budgets,1 thereby impeding existing endeavors to mitigate climate ***,a recent investigation reported a notable surge in carbon emissions originating from boreal forests in 2021,2 reaching an estimated 0.48 gigatons of carbon(Gt C).However,this record proved *** 1 shows that by September 2023,the carbon emissions of boreal forests exhibited an unprecedented increase,primarily attributed to the Canadian boreal region,reaching 0.86 Gt *** consequences extend beyond geographical borders,as wildfires occurring hundreds of kilometers away resulted in the worst air quality in New York and *** increasing severity of boreal forest wildfires is accompanied by growing public concern,suggesting the potential proximity to or crossing of a critical tipping point in the ecological functioning of boreal forests.

关键词： surge record Figure

Analysis of the one-decoy-state SARG04 quantum cryptography protocol in the presence of afterpulse effects

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 66-71页

作者： Hu Nian Ya-Feng Nie Chun-Mei Zhang liang-liang Lu key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology of Jiangsu Province School of Physical Science and TechnologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

The SARG04 quantum key distribution protocol can offer greater robustness against photon number splitting attacks than the BB84 protocol that is implemented with weak *** this paper,we propose a tight key analysis for the SARG04 protocol,by considering the one-decoy method and investigating its performance under the influence of a detector *** results demonstrate that an increase in block size leads to a slight increase in both the secure key rate and the maximum transmission ***,the detector afterpulse plays a crucial role in practical applications and has a more pronounced effect on the SARG04 protocol compared to the BB84 protocol.

关键词： Quantum key distribution SARG04 protocol one decoy afterpulse

巨噬细胞极化在肺部疾病中的作用机制及中药的干预

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中国中药杂志 2024年第2期49卷 334-343页

作者：梁晓刘建勋中国中医科学院西苑医院基础医学研究所国家中医心血管病研究中心中药药理北京市重点实验室北京100091

巨噬细胞作为机体重要的免疫细胞,是参与维持肺内微环境稳态的关键因素,由于其高度的可塑性,可在不同的条件下极化为不同的亚型:经典活化巨噬细胞M1和选择性活化巨噬细胞M2,两者分别具有促炎和抗炎作用。M1/M2表型与肺部疾病的发生发展... 详细信息

巨噬细胞作为机体重要的免疫细胞,是参与维持肺内微环境稳态的关键因素,由于其高度的可塑性,可在不同的条件下极化为不同的亚型:经典活化巨噬细胞M1和选择性活化巨噬细胞M2,两者分别具有促炎和抗炎作用。M1/M2表型与肺部疾病的发生发展密切相关,在巨噬细胞极化过程中涉及的多种信息分子和细胞因子在各种肺部疾病中均有重要的调控表型的作用,且在不同疾病中表型的转换也存在明显差异。该文主要通过综述巨噬细胞极化生物学特性,探讨巨噬细胞极化在支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、急性肺损伤、肺纤维化等肺部疾病中的作用特点和以调控巨噬细胞极化为靶点的中药单体及中药复方对相关疾病的研究进展,旨在挖掘巨噬细胞极化在调控肺部炎症方面的潜力,为相关临床研究提供新思路。

关键词：巨噬细胞极化 M1型巨噬细胞 M2型巨噬细胞肺部疾病中药

A short overview of the lead iodide residue impact and regulation strategies in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 504-510,I0012页

作者： Eng liang Lim Zhanhua Wei Xiamen key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information DisplaysCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021FujianChina

Lead iodide(PbI2) is a vital raw material for preparing perovskite solar cells(PSCs),and it not only takes part in forming the light absorption layer but also remains in the grain boundary as a *** other words,the PbI2 content in the precursor and as formed film will affect the efficiency and stability of the *** moderate residual PbI2,it passivates the bulk/surface defects of perovskite,reduces the interfacial recombination,promotes the perovskite stability,minimizes the device hysteresis,and so *** PbI2 residue will reduce the interfacial passivation effect and device *** addition to facilitating the non-radiative recombination,over PbI2 residue can also lead to electronic insulation in the grain boundary and deteriorate the device ***,the impact and regulation of PbI2 residue on the device performance and stability is still not fully ***,a comprehensive and detailed review is presented by discussing the PbI2 residue impact and its regulation strategies(i.e., elimination,facilitation and conversion of the residue PbI2) to manipulate the PbI2 content,distribution and ***,we also show future outlooks in this field,with an aim to help further the progression of high-efficiency and stable PSCs.

关键词： Lead iodide Residue Regulation Perovskite solar cells Efficiency Stability