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Brown carbon in the cryosphere： Current knowledge and perspective

Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第1期7卷 82-89页

作者： WU Guang-Ming CONG Zhi-Yuan KANG Shi-Chang Kimitaka kawamura FU Ping-Qing ZHANG Yu-Lan WAN Xin GAO Shao-Peng LIU Bin Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0819 Japand LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies Chubu University Kasugai 487-8501 Japan

Recently, the light-absorbing organic carbon, i.e., brown carbon(Br C), has received an increasing attention, because they could significantly absorb the solar radiation in the range of short wavelengths rather than the purely scattering effect. Br C is ubiquitous in the troposphere. It could undergo long range transport within the atmospheric circulation. After the deposition on the surface of snow or ice in the cryospheric region, as the major light absorbing impurities with black carbon and dust, Br C could reduce the snow albedo and accelerate the glacier melting. In this context, this paper summarized the current knowledge of Br C(in aerosols and snow) in the cryospheric regions including the Arctic, Antarctic,and Alpines. Although some works have been conducted in those region, the current dataset on the optical properties of Br C like Absorption?ngstr€om Exponent(AAE) and Mass Absorption Efficiency(MAE) is still limited, which hampers stimulating an accurate evaluation of its climate effects. Especially in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, where very limited information concerning Br C is available. Considering biomass burning as a dominant source of Br C, a large amount of emissions from biomass burning in South Asia could reach the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, where the climate effect of Br C merits more investigation in the future.

关键词： Brown carbon Black carbon Atmospheric aerosol Snow Glacier

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Investigation of Temperature Dependence of Polymer Gels for Use with Scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2018年第2期7卷 261-272页

作者： Hiraku kawamura Kazuya Shinoda Hiraku Fuse Takaoki Takanashi Yoshikazu Shimada Yoshiyuki Ishimori Masahiko Monma Katsumi Miyamoto Hitoshi Sato Tatsuya Fujisaki Takeji Sakae Akira Matsumura Department of Radiological Sciences Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Ibaraki Japan 3D Gel Dosimeter Research Laboratory Innovation Center RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama Japan Faculty of Health Sciences Tsukuba International University Ibaraki Japan Department of Radiological Technology Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital Ibaraki Japan Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

Polymer gels are three-dimensional dosimetric tools. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the temperature dependence of polymer gels during scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Prepared gels were irradiated with a 6MV X-ray beam at intensities ranging from 0 to 20 Gy in order to investigate their dose-R2 and dose-R1 responses. Irradiated gels were evaluated from 1.5-T magnetic resonance R2 and R1 images for each 5°C change in temperature from 5°C to 41°C, and then the four-field box technique irradiation plan was used to deliver a total dose of 4 Gy using the same beam weight in each direction to the prepared gels. The profile of the dose map generated from the four-field irradiated gel data at 20°C was then compared with the planned data. The dose-R2 response curve was linear up to 20 Gy at 20°C, with a slope of 1.17 Gy-1˙s-1. The slopes of the fitted curves of the dose-R2 decreased as gel temperature increased. The slopes of the dose-R1 curves were more parallel than the slopes of the dose-R2 curves between 5 and 41°C. The difference in the full width of half maximum of the gel profile data obtained using the four-field box technique at 20°C and the planned data were below 5% on average. The dose map from the irradiated gels obtained using the dose-R2 curve was the same as that from the planned data under the same temperature conditions. Measurement of difference between various temperatures is significant with dose accuracy. It is suitable to evaluate the gel dosimeter under the thermal equilibrium condition, MRI room temperature from the point of view of the stability of the irradiated gels.

关键词： Polymer Gel Dosimetry Temperature Dependence MRI Scanning

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高桥里帆流派1星期彩妆搭配术

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国际服装技术 2007年第5期 150-157页

作者： Mie kawamura Cola Chen（翻译） Kohshi Uchiyama（模特）（摄影） Tatsuhima Yogi（静物）（摄影）

春天了！心情越来越兴奋。希望一改长久以来的定式妆容。但是，要买齐这样那样的彩妆单品不容易的事情。这里，告诉你用9种单品打造1星期里完全不同的彩妆造型技巧，就让高桥里帆小姐传授让人欣喜的种种方法吧。一定要看！

关键词：彩妆搭配流派造型技巧妆容

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Bioinformatic Analyses of Reproductive Genes:Genomics,Transcriptomics,and Physiology

Bioinformatic Analyses of Reproductive Genes:Genomics,Transc...

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第一届中华医学会生殖医学分会、中国动物学会生殖生物学分会联合年会

作者： Aaron J.W.Hsuch Kazuhiro kawamura Izhar Ben-Shlomo Rami Rauch Sabine Mazerbourg Cynthia Klein Sheau Yu Hsu Division of Reproductive Biology Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA

The availability of genomic sequences for human and diverse model organisms has allowed elucidation of the evolutionary origins of genes. For reproductive biologists, this breakthrough facilitates the analysis of genes expressed in reproductive tissues based on comparative genomic searches. We have identified a group of five orphan LGRs (leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors) with sequence similarity to LH, FSH, and TSH receptors. Matching polypeptide hormones to their receptors indicated that the receptor for relaxin is LGR7 (Science 2002) whereas INSL3 activates LGR8 (JBC 2003). Furthermore, LH stimulates INSL3 transcripts in ovarian theca and testicular Leydig cells. INSL3, in turn, binds LGR8 expressed in germ cells to initiate the meiotic progression of arrested oocytes in preovulatory follicles and to suppress male germ cell apoptosis (PNAS 2004).

关键词： NAS Bioinformatic Analyses of Reproductive Genes:Genomics,Transcriptomics,and Physiology

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一种适用于空间飞行器姿态控制系统设计的混合式专家系统

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系统工程与电子技术 1987年第10期 62-69页

作者： K.kawamura F.Vinz 邱邦清姜希浦

现在的大多数专家系统都采用人工智能(AI)中面向符号的逻辑装置和推理装置。基于规则的一般系统则应用经验的联想方法,故不能处理工程中经常出现的问题。因此,Vanderbilt大学智能系统中心研制了一种实验性的专家系统,它把符号和数字计... 详细信息

现在的大多数专家系统都采用人工智能(AI)中面向符号的逻辑装置和推理装置。基于规则的一般系统则应用经验的联想方法,故不能处理工程中经常出现的问题。因此,Vanderbilt大学智能系统中心研制了一种实验性的专家系统,它把符号和数字计算结合起来。本文介绍这个系统和它在空间飞行器姿态控制系统设计中的应用。

关键词：专家系统空间飞行器姿态控制

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Quality Assurance for Respiratory-Gated Radiotherapy Using the Real-Time Tumor-Tracking Radiotherapy System

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2014年第3期3卷 125-132页

作者： Takehiro Shiinoki Shinji kawamura Takuya Uehara Yuki Yuasa Takeshi Kamomae Takaya Kotakebayashi Masahiro Koike Ryuji Kanzaki Sung Chul Park Hideki Hanazawa Shotaro Takahashi Keiko Shibuya Department of Radiological Technology Yamaguchi University Hospital Yamaguchi Japan Department of Therapeutic Radiology Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya University Aichi Japan Department of Therapeutic Radiology Graduate School of Medicine Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan

Purpose: Respiratory-gated radiation therapy (RT) using the real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy (RTRT) system is an effective technique for managing tumor motion. High dosimetric and geometric accuracy is needed;however, quality assurance (QA) for respiratory-gated RT using the RTRT system has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to perform QA for respiratorygated RT using the RTRT system. Materials and Methods: The RTRT system detected the position of the fiducial marker and radiation delivery gated to the motion of the marker was performed. The dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom was positioned at the isocenter using the fiducial marker in the phantom. The phantom was irradiated only when the fiducial marker was within a three-dimensional gating window of ±2 mm from the planned position. First, the absolute doses were measured using anionization chamber inserted in the phantom under the stationary, gating and non-gating state for sinusoidal (nadir-to-peak amplitude [A]: 20 - 40 mm, breathing period [T]: 2 - 4 s) and the basic respiratory patterns. Second, the dose profiles were measured using Gafchromic films in the phantom under the same conditions. Differences between dose profiles were calculated to evaluate the dosimetric and geometric accuracy. Finally, differences between the actual and measured position of the fiducial marker were calculated to evaluate the tracking accuracy for sinusoidal and basic respiratory patterns. Results: For the sinusoidal patterns, the relative doses were 0.93 for non-gating and 0.99 for gating (A = 20 mm, T = 2 s), 0.94 for non-gating and 1.00 for gating (A = 20 mm, T = 4 s), 0.55 for non-gating and 1.00 for gating (A = 40 mm, T = 4 s), respectively. For the basic respiratory pattern, the relative doses were 1.00 for non-gating and 1.00 for gating, respectively. Compared to the stationary conditions, the differences in lateral distance between the 90% dose of dose profiles were 6.23 mm for non-gating and 0.36 mm

关键词： Quality Assurance Respiratory Gating Real-Time Tumor-Tracking Radiotherapy System

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采用脉冲大功率激发物激光器的远紫外亚微米光刻

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电子工业专用设备 1983年第1期 34-35页

作者： Y·kawamura K.Toyoda S.Namba 丛林

术文通过实验论述了采用脉冲大功率激发物激光器的远紫外光刻。在这种光刻加工中采用20nsec的激光照射,在PMMA抗蚀剂层上制出了具有高分辨率的亚微米图形。

关键词：激发物激光激光器 PMMA 亚微米光刻光激射器电子器件抗蚀剂远紫外光刻大功率

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Integrated genome-wide differentiation and association analyses identify causal genes underlying breeding-selected grain quality traits in japonica rice

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Molecular Plant 2023年第9期16卷 1460-1477页

作者： Hideki Yoshida Satoshi Okada Fanmiao Wang Shohei Shiota Masaki Mori Mayuko kawamura Xue Zhao Yiqiao Wang Naho Nishigaki Asako Kobayashi Kotaro Miura Shinya Yoshida Masaru Ikegami Akitoshi Ito Lin-Tzu Huang Yue-le Caroline Hsing Yoshiyuki Yamagata Yoichi Morinaka Masanori Yamasaki Toshihisa Kotake Eiji Yamamoto Jian Sun Ko Hirano Makoto Matsuoka Institute of Fermentation Sciences Fukushima UniversityFukushima 960-1248Japan Bioscience and Biotechnology Center Nagoya UniversityNagoyaAichi 464-8601Japan Food Resources Education and Research Center Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe UniversityUzuranoKasaiHyogo 675-2103Japan Research Center of Genetic Resources NARO2-1-1 KannondaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8602Japan Rice Research Institute Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina Division of Life Science Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama University255 Shimo-okuboSakura-kuSaitamaJapan Fukui Agricultural Experiment Station Fukui 918-8215Japan Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Fukui Prefectural UniversityFukui 910-1195Japan Hyogo Prefectural Research Center for Agriculture Forestry and FisheriesKasaiHyogo 679-0198Japan Research Insttute for Food and Agriculture Ryukoku UniversityOotsuShiga 520-2194Japan Food Research Centre Aichi Centre for Industry and Science Technology2-1-1 Shimpukuji-choNagoyaAichi 451-0083Japan institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Agronomy National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina lant Breeding Laboratory Facultyf gricultureKyushu University744MoookaNishikuFukukaJapan Graduate School of Agiculture Meji University1-1-1 Higashi-MitaTama-kuKawasakiKanagawa 214571Japa Crop Science Laboratory Faculty of AgricultureNigata UniversityIkarashiNishi-kuNigata 950-2181Japan

Improving grain quality is a primary objective in contemporary rice *** modern rice breeding has developed two different types of rice,eating and sake-brewing rice,with different grain characteristics,indicating the selection of variant gene alleles during the breeding *** the critical importance of promptly and efficiently identifying genes selected in past breeding for future molecular breeding,we conducted genome scans for divergence,genome-wide association studies,and map-based ***,we successfully identified two genes,OsMnS and OsWOX9D,both contributing to rice grain *** encodes a mannan synthase that increases the white core frequency in the endosperm,a desirable trait for sake brewing but decreases the grain appearance ***9D encodes a grass-specific homeobox-containing transcription factor,which enhances grain width for better sake ***,haplotype analysis revealed that their defective alleles were selected in East Asia,but not Europe,during modern *** addition,our analyses indicate that a reduction in grain mannan content during African rice domestication may also be caused a defective OsMnS allele due to breeding *** study not only reveals the delicate balance between grain appearance quality and nutrition in rice but also provides a new strategy for isolating causal genes underlying complex traits,based on the concept of“breeding-assisted genomics”in plants.

关键词： rice grain quality sake brewing mannan genomic analysis

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基于改进移动最小二乘法的结构可靠性分析

基于改进移动最小二乘法的结构可靠性分析

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纪念《船舶力学》创刊二十周年学术会议

作者：韦益夫 kawamura Yasumi 王德禹上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心横滨国立大学高等科学研究院

基于改进移动最小二乘法对结构可靠性问题进行分析,数值模拟结果表明,改进方法可有效提高计算精度。具体方法是使用椭圆范数代替二范数来度量样本点到中心点的距离,并根据上次迭代所得到的响应面在中心点处的法向量与坐标轴所成角度,对... 详细信息

基于改进移动最小二乘法对结构可靠性问题进行分析,数值模拟结果表明,改进方法可有效提高计算精度。具体方法是使用椭圆范数代替二范数来度量样本点到中心点的距离,并根据上次迭代所得到的响应面在中心点处的法向量与坐标轴所成角度,对影响域进行旋转变换;从而将样本点的权重大小由样本点与中心点、响应面的距离共同决定,并将每次迭代得到的响应面函数在中心点处的法向信息包含在内。

关键词：可靠性响应面法移动最小二乘法权重向量投影法

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胸腹联合切口用于胃贲门癌

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右江医学 1982年第1期 34-39页

作者： Hiroshi Akiyama Hikarn Miyazono Masahiko Tsurumaru Chiaki Hashimoto Takeshi kawamura 易少夫 MD、FAcs、Tokyo、Japan MD、Tokyo、Japan MD、Tokyo、Japan MD、Tokyo、Japan MD、Takyo、Japan

在手术治疗胃贲门癌中,外科医生首先关心的是选择一个能快速达到病灶的切口,近年来由于使用纤维食管镜可以正确地确定责门部或食管胃连接部肿瘤的位置及其近似的大小。然而,是否打开胸腔

关键词：胸腹联合腹部切口肝衰竭手术野贵门手术区胸部食管连接部

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