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Measuring Multinationals＇ R＆D Activities in China on the Basis of a Patent Database： Comparing European, Japanese and US Firms

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China & World Economy 2015年第6期23卷 1-21页

作者： kazuyuki Motohashi Professor Department of Technology Management for Innovation University of Tokyo Japan.

Using an internationally linked patent database, this paper compares the types of R ＆D activities undertaken by multinationals in China by home country and industry. In China, multinationals recently began investing in R＆D, mainly in the areas of product and manufacturing process development. However, US firms, which are the most actively invested in R＆D, are involved in some technology-driven R＆D activities; European firms are inclined toward market-driven R ＆D, while Japanese firms, which lag behind the other two, focus on production-driven R ＆D. This pattern may be related to the relative competitiveness of each country： Japanese firms are strong in electronics and automobiles, where production process improvement is important, while US firms flourish in science-based industries, such as pharmaceuticals and software, where interacting with the local science base is a critical factor.

关键词： multinationals' R&D intemational comparison patent database

Numerical Study of Interaction of Propagated Shock with Boundary Layer Behind Contact Surface in Ducts

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第1期12卷 16-19页

作者： kazuyuki Kage Katsuya Ishimatsu Toyoyasu Okubayashi Department of Production Systems Engineering Oita University 700 DannoharuDepartment of Production Systems Engineering Oita University 700 Dannoharu OitaDepartment of Production Systems Engineering Oita University 700 Dannoharu Oita Oita 870-1192 Japan 870-1192 Japan870-1192 Japan

The interactions of the shock with the boundary layer of the cold gas behind the contact in many different conditions.i.e. three kinds of test gases and three kinds of sound speed ratios across the contact,were explored by numerical *** trajectories of the transmitted shock in cold gas flow and the development of shock bifurcation in the process of interaction with boundary layer are illustrated by many kinds of figures(*** time-distance diagrams of the acoustic impedance contours on the axis,the pressure and density contours and the static pressure distributions on the axis.).

关键词： contact surface shock wave over-tailored condition boundary layer.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN WEDGE-SHAPED GRANULAR HEAPS

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2014年第1期27卷 28-40页

作者： Thirapong Pipatpongsa Tadaki matsushita Maho Tanaka Shinichi Kanazawa Katsuyuki Kawai Global Scientific Information and Computing Center Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of International Development Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Maeda Corporation Nishimatsu Construction Co. Ltd Research Center for Urban Safety and Security Kobe University

The present work explains the statics of self-weight transmission restricted to a long prismatic heap inclined at an angle of repose and symmetrically formed on a rigid base. The closure of polarized principal axes with the mobilized state of stress along the slope surface is employed by imposing the orientation of principal stresses on the equilibrium equations. Comparisons were made with calculations based on the finite element method using an elastic model. Moreover, experiments on sand heaps deposited on a rectangular rigid base were conducted to validate the theoretical study. The measured pressure profile generally agreed well with theoretical results.

关键词： granular materials sand continuum medium analytical method finite element method experimental techniques

Numerical model of local scour considering the unsteady sediment inflow and sediment sorting: Application to scour upstream of slit weir

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第4期37卷 469-483页

作者： kazuyuki Ota Takahiro Sato Ryosuke Arai Meteorology and Fluid Science Division Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

The current study proposes a novel framework for the numerical model for estimating the temporal scour considering unsteady sediment inflow and the sediment sorting process. The framework was applied to local scour upstream of a slit weir. The scour model is based on an ordinary nonlinear differential equation derived from sediment continuity and scour rate equations. A one-dimensional(1-D)Boussinesq-type model coupled with nonequilibrium sediment transport was incorporated in the scour model to consider unsteady sediment inflow. In addition, a mixing layer approach was incorporated to determine temporal variations in particle size in the scour hole. The proposed framework was validated using scour experiments conducted under conditions that include non-uniform sediment, live-bed scour,and unsteady flow rate. The simulation results showed satisfactory agreement with experimental results for the scour upstream of a slit weir. The proposed model appropriately explained the hysteresis process for flow unsteadiness, refilling process for live-bed scour, and armoring process for non-uniform sediments. In addition, the model framework proposed in the current study is applicable to local scour around other hydraulic structures(e.g., bridge piers) upon establishing the scour rate equation. Therefore, the current study provides a novel approach for modeling temporal scour that is required to consider unsteady sediment inflow and sediment sorting.

关键词： Local scour Temporal scour Mixing layer theory Slit weir Non-equilibrium bed load

Protocol analysis of designers using an interactive evolutionary computation

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2012年第1期1卷 44-50页

作者： Weixin Huang Daisuke matsushita Junzo Munemoto School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Architecture Okayama University of ScienceJapan

This paper explores the problem-solving behavior of people in design activities through a protocol analysis of verbal reports on the interior work design process simulated by an interactive evolutionary computation （IEC）. The protocol analysis method was used to explore the ways of thinking of the participants throughout the process. The analysis reveals that different parts of the interior scene have different effects on the evaluations, and people tend to use the same evaluation criteria continuously on several images. This kind of behavior is consistent with that of professional designers in past studies and is revealed applicable to nonprofessionals in the current research.

关键词： Interior color ProbIem-sotving beha-vior Protocol analysis Interactive evotution-ary computation (IEC)

Mathematically modelling and controlling prostate cancer under intermittent hormone therapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 270-277页

作者： Yoshito Hirata Gouhei Tanaka Nicholas Bruchovsky kazuyuki Aihara Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan Vancouver Prostate Centre Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver BC V6H 3Z6 Canada

In this review, we summarize our recently developed mathematical models that predict the effects of intermittent androgen suppression therapy on prostate cancer （PCa）. Although hormone therapy for PCa shows remarkable results at the beginning of treatment, cancer cells frequently acquire the ability to grow without androgens during long-term therapy, resulting in an eventual relapse. To circumvent hormone resistance, intermittent androgen suppression was investigated as an alternative treatment option. However, at the present time, it is not possible to select an optimal schedule of on- and off-treatment cycles for any given patient. In addition, clinical trials have revealed that intermittent androgen suppression is effective for some patients but not for others. To resolve these two problems, we have developed mathematical models for PCa under intermittent androgen suppression. The mathematical models not only explain the mechanisms of intermittent androgen suppression but also provide an optimal treatment schedule for the on- and off-treatment periods.

关键词： diagnosis intermittent androgen suppression mathematical models personalized treatment schedule prognosis prostate cancer

Side-wall effect of runner casing on performance of Darrieus-type hydro turbine with inlet nozzle for extra-low head utilization

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 93-99页

作者： Kai SHIMOKAWA Akinori FURUKAWA Kusuo OKUMA Daisuke matsushita Satoshi WATANABE Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu UniversityMotooka 744Nishi-kuFukuoka819-0395Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu UniversityMotooka 744Nishi-kuFukuoka819-0395Japan

A ducted Darrieus-type turbine has been proposed for hydropower utilization of extra-low head less than 2 *** the hydro turbine system,in general,might consist of an intake,runner casing section and a draft tube for higher efficiency operation,it was clarified in previous experiment that there was no need of the side-walls of runner casing section and a draft-tube for keeping the efficiency high in the case of duct with an inlet *** would yield a simplification of the structure of the turbine *** order to reconfirm this result for large-sized turbine with 560 mm×300 mm duct,instead of small-sized one with 400 mm×200 mm duct,the side-wall effect on turbine performance was experimentally investigated for three-or four-bladed *** the present paper,the experimental results are shown with considering flow behaviors in the runner section.

关键词： hydro turbine Darrieus-type runner duct side-wall effect turbine performance

Inclusive Proton Energy Spectra of the Deuteron Induced Reaction

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第11期28卷 87-90页

作者： WANG Jia YE Tao SUN Wei-Li Yukinobu Watanabe kazuyuki Ogata Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094 Department of Advanced Energy Engineering Science Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 816-8580Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka UniversityIbarakiOsaka 567-0047Japan

The continuum-discritized coupled channel method and the glauber model are applied for the description of deuteron elastic breakup and the stripping processes,*** with the conventional two-component exciton model for pre-equilibrium processes and the Hauser-Feshbach theory for compound process,an approach based on models is proposed to analyze the inclusive proton energy spectra of a deuteron-induced *** contributions from each process to the energy spectra of the 58Ni(d,xp)reaction are quantitatively *** results show that this approach is able to reasonably reproduce the experimental data of the double differential cross sections,energy spectra and cross sections,although further improvements are needed.

关键词： reaction spectra stripping

Involvement of SNX1 in regulating EGFR endocytosis in a gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 539-549页

作者： Yukio Nishimura kazuyuki Itoh Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuoka 812-8582Japan Research Institute Nozaki Tokushukai(RINT) Osaka 574-0074Japan.

The drug gefitinib, a specific inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase, has been shown to suppress the activation of EGFR signaling for survival and cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. For many years, EGFR endocytosis has served as a model for investigating ligand-induced, receptor-mediated endocytosis. On EGF stimulation, EGFR is internalized and transported via clathrin-coated vesicles to early endosomes, and EGFR then recruits and phosphorylates signaling molecules, leading to the activation of downstream signaling such as MAPK/PI3K/AKT pathways-an important mechanism for regulating cell growth. Once delivered to the lysosomes, EGFR is degraded to terminate intracellular EGFR signaling via endocytosis;this process is known as receptor downregulation. Therefore, the endocytosis of EGFR is closely related with attenuation of intracellular EGFR signaling. Alternatively, EGFR is returned to cell surface from early endosomes for the continued signaling. Previous reports revealed that a competent EGF-induced endocytosis of EGFR followed by its rapid downregulation efficiently proceeds in the gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines. In contrast, gefitinib-resistant cell lines showed that EGFR endocytosis is impaired and the internalized EGFR is aggregated in the early endosomes, which is associated with the overexpressed sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), initially identified as a protein that interacts with EGFR. Thus dysregulated EGFR endocytosis is implicated in gefitinib resistance, as it leads to uncontrolled signal transduction. At present, the therapeutic relevance of EGFR endocytosis with regard to drug resistance in lung cancer has not been clarified. This review focused on the mechanism for EGFR endocytosis associated with SNX1 trafficking in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells.

关键词： Lung cancer drug-resistance EGFR endocytosis endosomes/lysosomes sorting nexin 1 membrane recycling