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An analysis of the radar backscatter from oil-covered sea surfaces using moment method and Monte-Carlo simulation: preliminary results

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第1期32卷 59-67页

作者： YANG Chan-Su PARK Seong-Min OH Yisok OUCHI kazuo Korea Ocean Satellite Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST) Marine Environmental System Science University of Science and Technology ISR R&D Laboratory LIG Nex1 Company Department of Electronics Information and Communication Engineering Hongik University Department of Computer Science School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Defense Academy

An analysis of the radar backscattering from the ocean surface covered by oil spill is presented using a mi- crowave scattering model and Monte-Carlo simulation. In the analysis, a one-dimensional rough sea sur- face is numerically generated with an ocean waveheight spectrum for a given wind velocity. A two-layered medium is then generated by adding a thin oil layer on the simulated rough sea surface. The electric fields backscattered from the sea surface with two-layered medium are computed with the method of moments （MoM）, and the backscattering coefficients are statistically obtained with N independent samples for each oil-spilled surface using the Monte-Carlo technique for various conditions of surface roughness, oil-layer thickness, frequency, polarization and incidence angle. The numerical simulation results are compared with theoretical models for clean sea surfaces and SAR images of an off-spilled sea surface caused by the Hebei （Hebei province, China） Spirit oil tanker in 2007. Further, conditions for better oil spill extraction are sought by the numerical simulation on the effects of wind speed and oil-layer thickness at different inci- dence angles on the backscattering coefficients.

关键词： method of moments Monte-Carlo technique oil spills backscattering coefficient

Effect of phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution in eutrophic lake on competition between blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa and diatom Cyclotella sp.

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1666-1673页

作者： Yoshimasa Amano Yusuke Sakai Takumi Sekiya Kimitaka Takeya kazuo Taki Motoi Machida Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Safety and Health Organization Chiba University Faculty of Engineering Chiba Institute of Technology

Tega-numa （Lake Tega） is one of the eutrophic lakes in Japan. For the improvement of water quality in Lake Tega, the North- chiba Water Conveyance Channel was constructed in 2000, which transfer water from Tone River into the lake. After 2000, the dominant species of diatoms, mainly Cyclotella sp., have been replacing blue-green algae, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Tega. This transition of dominant species would be due to the dilution, but the detail mechanism has not been understood yet. This study examined the relationship between phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution to Lake Tega and dominance of algal species, M. aeruginosa or Cyclotella sp. based on the single-species and the mixed-species culture experiments. The single-species culture experiment showed that the half-saturation constant and uptake rate of phosphorus were one order lower and seven times higher for M. aeruginosa than those for Cyclotella sp. These findings implied that M. aeruginosa would possess a potential for the growth and survival over Cyclotella sp. in the phosphorus limited condition. The superiority of M. aeruginosa was reflected in the outcome of the mixed-species culture experiment, i.e., dominance of M. aeruginosa, even phosphorus concentration was lowered to 0.01 mg-P/L. Therefore, it could be concluded that the decrease in phosphorus concentration due to the river water dilution to Lake Tega would be interpreted as a minor factor for the transition of dominant species from M. aeruginosa to Cyclotella sp.

关键词： eutrophic lake water quality improvement water blooms Microcystis aeruginosa Cyclotella sp.

Correlation between travel experiences and post-COVID outbound tourism intention:a case study from China

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2023年第11期24卷 1003-1016页

作者： Yilin SUN Yinan DONG Dianhai WANG EOwen DWAYGOOD Hamed NASERI kazuo NISHII College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Architectural Design and Research Institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028China Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Institute of Frontier Technologies Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Polytechnic Institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310015China Center for Balance Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028China Department of Civil Geotechnicaland Mining EngineeringPolytechnique MontréalMontréalH3T 1J4Canada Department of Policy Studies University of Marketing and Distribution SciencesKobe651-2188Japan

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated global tourism and recovery is proceeding very *** many countries,tourism served as a major economic sector,so investigating how to recover is *** China was the largest source of outbound travelers before the outbreak,study of the factors influencing Chinese intentions to travel overseas in the post-COVID era is *** Apr.2022,among seven provinces(or cities)with the most outbound tourists from 2019 to 2021,2450 individuals responded to a questionnaire on daily mobility,tourism experiences,and the shifts due to the *** gradient boosting machine(LightGBM),a robust ensemble learning method,was adopted to quantify and visualize the impact of explanatory factors on outbound travel *** addition,the Optuna mechanism and Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)instruments were employed for tuning hyperparameters and interpreting results,*** suggest neither one-day nor multi-day tours have resumed to pre-COVID *** frequency of multi-day tours with further destinations,less car utilization in daily shopping trips,and moderate pandemic restrictions can boost the intention to travel *** concerns and desires of different age groups for overseas travel need different *** study reveals the factors affecting Chinese outbound travel intentions and provides suggestions for the recovery of tourism in the post-COVID period.

关键词： Outbound tourism Touring behavior Travel behavior COVID-19 Ensemble learner

Interleukin-17 levels in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa and pathologic sequelae of colonization

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6305-6311页

作者： Tomokazu Mizuno Takafumi Ando kazuo Nobata Tomoyuki Tsuzuki Osamu Maeda Osamu Watanabe Masaaki Minami Kenji Ina kazuo Kusugami Richard M. Peek Hidemi Goto Department of Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology

AIM： To determine the role of interleukin （IL）-17 in gastric ulcerogenesis. METHODS： Thirty-six gastric ulcer （GU） patients and 29 non-ulcer （NU） patients were enrolled in this study. Mucosal biopsy samples were obtained from the gastric antrum and GU site during endoscopy. Samples were used in in situ stimulation for 48 h in the presence of 10 ug/mL phytohemagglutinin-P （PHA）, histological examination, and Helicobacter pylori（Hpylon） culture. IL-17 and IL-8 protein levels in culture supematants were assayed by ELISA. IL- 17 mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Hpylori cagA and vacA status was assessed by reverse hybridization using a line probe assay （UPA）. IL-8 levels in culture supematants were assayed after AGS cells were co-cultured with Hpylori strain 26 695 or recombinant human （rh） IL-17. RESULTS： All 36 GU patients and 15 of 29 NU patients were found to be Hpy/or/-positive, while 14 NU patients were Hpylori-nogative. All 51 H pylori strains from both GU and NU patients were cagA- and vacAsl/ml-positive. Antral mucosal tissues from H pylori-positive patients contained significantly （H pylori-positive NU patients： median 467 pg/mg/protein, range 53-2 499; Hpylori negative NU patients： median 104 pg/mg/protein, range 16-312, P〈0.0005） higher levels of IL-17 than those from uninfected patients. IL-17 levels at the ulcer site were significantly （ulcer site： median 1 356 pcj/mg/protein, range 121-1 3730; antrum： median 761 pg/mg/protein, range 24-7 620, P〈0.005） higher than those at distant sites in the antrum. Biopsies from H pylori-positive GU and NU patients showed IL-17 mRNA expression in all samples whereas those from the antrum of the Hpylori-negativecontrols showed no detectable expression. A significant correlation was seen between IL-17 and IL-8 levels at each biopsy site （ulcer： r = 0.62,P〈0.0001; antrum： r = 0.61, P〈0.0001） in GU patients. RhIL-17 and Hpylori strain 26 695 each stimulated IL-8 product

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Gastric ulcer Histologicalgastritis Interleukin-17 Interleukin-8

Generation of high resolution sea surface temperature using multi-satellite data for operational oceanography

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第7期34卷 74-88页

作者： YANG Chan-Su KIM Sun-Hwa OUCHI kazuo BACK Ji-Hun Korea Ocean Satellite Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST) Ocean Science and Technology School Korea Maritime and Ocean University Marine Environmental System Science Korea University of Science and Technology

In the present article, we introduce a high resolution sea surface temperature （SST） product generated daily by Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology （KIOST）. The SST product is comprised of four sets of data including eight-hour and daily average SST data of I km resolution, and is based on the four infrared （IR） satellite SST data acquired by advanced very high resolution radiometer （AVHRR）, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）, Multifunctional Transport Satellites-2 （MTSAT-2） Imager and Meteorological Imager （MI）, two microwave radiometer SSTs acquired by Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 （AMSR2）, and WindSAT with in-situ temperature data. These input satellite and in-situ SST data are merged by using the optimal interpolation （OI） algorithm. The root-mean-square-errors （RMSEs） of satellite and in-situ data are used as a weighting value in the OI algorithm. As a pilot product, four SST data sets were generated daily from Ianuary to December 2013. In the comparison between the SSTs measured by moored buoys and the daily mean KIOST SSTs, the estimated RMSE was 0.71~C and the bias value was -0.08~C. The largest RMSE and bias were 0.86 and -0.26~C respectively, observed at a buoy site in the boundary region of warm and cold waters with increased physical variability in the Sea of Iapan/East Sea. Other site near the coasts shows a lower RMSE value of 0.60~C than those at the open waters. To investigate the spatial distributions of SST, the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature （GHRSST） product was used in the comparison of temperature gradients, and it was shown that the KIOST SST product represents well the water mass structures around the Korean Peninsula. The KIOST SST product generated from both satellite and buoy data is expected to make substantial contribution to the Korea Operational Oceanographic System （KOOS） as an input parameter for data assimilation.

关键词： SST satellite in-situ high resolution OI

Distributed Discrimination of Strain and Temperature Based on Brillouin Dynamic Grating in an Optical Fiber

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Photonic Sensors 2013年第4期3卷 332-344页

作者： kazuo HOTATE Weiwen ZOU Rodrigo Kendy YAMASHITA Zuyuan HE Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems The University of Tokyo Japan State Key Laboratory Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University China

This paper reviews distributed discrimination of strain and temperature by use of an optical fiber based on fiber optic nerve systems. The preliminary method based on multiple resonance peaks of the Brillouin gain spectrum in a specially-designed fiber is firstly introduced. The complete discrimination of strain and temperature based on the Brillouin dynamic grating in a polarization maintaining fiber is extensively presented. The basic principle and two experimental schemes of distributed discrimination based on fiber optic nerve systems are demonstrated. The performance of the high discriminative accuracy （0.1 ~C-0.3 ~C and 5 kte-12~te） and high spatial resolution （-10 cm） with the effective measurement points of about 50 for a standard system configuration or about 1000 for a modified one will be highly expected in real industry applications.

关键词： Fiber optic nerve systems Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis Brillouin dynamic grating distributed discrimination strain temperature

What Defines a Crystal Structure? Effects of Chalcogen Atoms in 3,7-Bis(methylchalcogeno)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dichalcogenophene-Based Organic Semiconductors

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第21期40卷 2546-2558页

作者： kazuo Takimiya Kirill Bulgarevich Kamon Sahara Kiseki Kanazawa Hiroyuki Takenaka Kohsuke Kawabata Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceTohoku University6-3AobaAramakiAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8578Japan RIKEN Center for Emergent MatterScience(CEMS) 2-1HirosawaWakoSaitama351-0198Japan Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University(WPl-A/MR)2-1-1KatahiraAoba-kuSendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan

To understand the effects of chalcogen atoms on the crystal structure of the series of 3,7-bis(methylchalcogeno)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dichalcogenophene-based organic semiconductors,three benzodifuran derivatives(1—3)and dimethoxy derivatives of benzodithiophene and benzodiselenophene(4 and 7)were newly synthesized to complete the“3×3 matrix”of the oxygen-,sulfur-,and selenium-derivatives(1—9).The crystal structures of 1—9 were classified into four classes,sandwich pitchedπ-stack(1),dimeric(2 and 3),pitchedπ-stack(4,5,7,8,9),and brickwork structure(6 and 9).The causes for the different crystal structures depending on the chalcogen atoms were investigated by the theoretical calculations,indicating that the chalcogen atoms in the core and substituents primarily affected the packing *** the crystal growth in the vapor phase afforded different polymorphs,the relationship between the crystal structure and the carrier transport property was carefully investigated.

关键词： Organic semiconductor Crystal structure Mobility Intermolecular interaction Chalcogen atom

Ultracytochemical localization of H+-adenosine triphosphatase activity in autophagic vacuoles induced by vinblastine in rat liver

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Cell Research 1990年第2期1卷 207-215页

作者： MASAHIKO SAKAI kazuo OGAWA Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

H+-adenosine triphosphatase （H+-ATPase） activity was demonstrated cytochemically in autophagic vacuoles （AVs） of rat hepatocytes using a modification of the method for the demonstration of neutral p-nitrophenyl phosphatase （p-NPPase） activity . When an inhibitor of H+-ATPase, N-ethylmaleimide （NEM） or 4, 4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'disulfonic acid, di-sodium salt （DIDS） was included in the incubation medium the enyzme activity was abolished indicating that p-NPPase demonstrated in this study represents H+-ATPase. Autophagy was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection Of vinblastine sulfate （VBL）. The number of AVs increased remarkably in hepatocytes from 40 min after VBL treatment. H+-ATPase activity was observed mainly on the membranes of lysosomes and AVs. However, early forms of AVs containing only incompletely digested material showed no H+-ATPase activity. Most AVs revealing a positive reaction seemed to be in advanced stages of development. Acid phosphatase acticity was demonstrable in mature but not in early forms of AVs. The present investigation showed that membranes of advanced stage AVs possess an H+-ATPase which may be derived from lysosomal membranes.

关键词： Rat hepatocyte autophagy H+-ATPase.

Rational design for thermochromic luminescence in amorphous polystyrene films with bis-o-carborane-substituted enhanced conjugated molecule having aggregation-induced luminochromism

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2021年第5期2卷 171-178页

作者： Keisuke Wada Kazushi Hashimoto Junki Ochi kazuo Tanaka Yoshiki Chujo Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto University KatsuraNishikyo-kuKyotoJapan

We designed the triad molecule,bis-o-carborane-substituted bis(thienylethynyl)benzene,as a filler for realizing thermochromic luminescent behaviors based on conventional polymer films,such as *** the optical measurements,it was found that the triad can show solid-state emission and dual-luminescent properties with variable intensity ratios depending on *** the mechanistic studies including the experiments with the methyl-substituted model compound,it was revealed that dual emission should be originated from the locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer states,and the latter emission band is significantly enhanced in the solid *** prepared amorphous films containing variable concentrations of the triad with the spin-coating method and investigated optical *** was found that intensity ratios were drastically changed by altering the concentration of the *** increasing the proportion of the triad,aggregation occurred,and emission color was apparently varied through the changes in intensity ratios of the dual emission *** on the aggregationinduced luminochromic property of the triad,thermochromic luminescence was finally realized by heating the amorphous *** rational design for obtaining thermochromic luminescent amorphous films is illustrated in this paper.

关键词： carborane luminescence polystyrene thermochromism