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Ionic effects on the transport characteristics of nanowire-based FETs in a liquid environment

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 380-389页

作者： Daijiro nozaki Jens Kunstmann Felix Zorgiebel Sebastian Pregl Larysa Baraban Walter M. Weber Thomas Mikolajick Gianaurelio Cuniberti Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadeway New York NY 10027 USA NaMlab gGmbH N6thinger Str. 64 01187 Dresden Center forAdvancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED) TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany

For the development of ultra-sensitive electrical bio/chemical sensors based on nanowire field effect transistors （FETs）, the influence of the ions in the solution on the electron transport has to be understood. For this purpose we establish a simulation platform for nanowire FETs in the liquid environment by implementing the modified Poisson-Boltzmann model into Landauer transport theory. We investigate the changes of the electric potential and the transport characteristics due to the ions. The reduction of sensitivity of the sensors due to the screening effect from the electrolyte could be successfully reproduced. We also fabricated silicon nanowire Schottky-barrier FETs and our model could capture the observed reduction of the current with increasing ionic concentration. This shows that our simulation platform can be used to interpret ongoing experiments, to design nanowire FETs, and it also gives insight into controversial issues such as whether ions in the buffer solution affect the transport characteristics or not.

关键词： nanowire field effecttransistors (FETs) biosensors silicon nanowires Poisson-Boltzmann theory Landauer model

Parallel arrays of Schottky barrier nanowire field effect transistors： Nanoscopic effects for macroscopic current output

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Nano Research 2013年第6期6卷 381-388页

作者： Sebastian Pregl Walter M. Weber Daijiro nozaki Jens Kunstmann Larysa Baraban Joerg Opitz Thomas Mikolajick Gianaurelio Cuniberti Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials TU Dresden Dresden 01062 Germany NaMLab GmbH Dresden 01187 Germany Fraunhofer Institute IZFP Dresden Dresden 01109 Germany Institute for Semiconductors and Microsystems Technology TU Dresden Dresden 01187 Germany Division of IT Convergence Engineering POSTECH Pohang Korea

We present novel Schottky barrier field effect transistors consisting of a parallel array of bottom-up grown silicon nanowires that are able to deliver high current outputs. Axial silicidation of the nanowires is used to create defined Schottky junctions leading to on/off current ratios of up to 106. The device concept leverages the unique transport properties of nanoscale junctions to boost device performance for macroscopic applications. Using parallel arrays, on-currents of over 500 gA at a source-drain voltage of 0.5 V can be achieved. The transconductance is thus increased significantly while maintaining the transfer characteristics of single nanowire devices. By incorporating several hundred nanowires into the parallel arra36 the yield of functioning transistors is dramatically increased and device- to-device variability is reduced compared to single devices. This new nanowire- based platform provides sufficient current output to be employed as a transducer for biosensors or a driving stage for organic light-emitting diodes （LEDs）, while the bottom-up nature of the fabrication procedure means it can provide building blocks for novel printable electronic devices.

关键词： silicon nanowire effective Schottky barrier lowering parallel arra^electric field enhancement output current amplification

Active Control Method for Critical Cornering Range

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第8期6卷 406-417页

作者： Takahiko Yoshino Hiromichi nozaki Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kogakuin Tokyo Japan

It has been reported that steering systems with derivative terms have a heightened lateral acceleration and yaw rate response in the normal driving range. However, in ranges where the lateral acceleration is high, the cornering force of the front wheels decreases and hence becomes less effective. Therefore, we applied traction control for the inner and outer wheels based on the steering angle velocity to improve the steering effectiveness at high lateral accelerations. An experiment using a driving simulator showed that the vehicle’s yaw rate response improved for a double lane change to avoid a hazard;this improves hazard avoidance performance. Regarding improved vehicle control in the cornering margins, traction control for the inner and outer wheels is being developed further, and much research and development has been reported. However, in the total skid margin, where few margin remains in the forward and reverse drive forces on the tires, spinout is unavoidable. Therefore, we applied tire camber angle control to improve vehicle maneuverability in the total skid margin. An experiment using a driving simulator has confirmed that the vehicle’s lateral acceleration at the turning limit can be improved by controlling the camber angle. Because of this, camber angle control promises to be more effective than traction control for the inner and outer wheels. By applying this type of steering control, it is possible to increase maneuverability and stability in the cornering margins.

关键词： Motion Control Automobile Vehicle Dynamics Maneuverability Active Safety

Variable Gear Ratio Control Using Vehicle Body Slip Angle

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第8期6卷 439-448页

作者： Takahiko Yoshino Hiromichi nozaki Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kogakuin Tokyo Japan

Vehicles with variable steering characteristics have long been studied and compared with those having typical fixed gear ratio steering, and the variable gear ratio properties are reported to have improved maneuverability and stability in high-speed lane changes and on slippery low-friction road surfaces. However, it is not clear how gear ratios should be set for individual vehicle characteristics. Therefore, the present study has investigated a variable steering gear system using body slip angle feedback for the purpose of improved maneuverability and stability in the critical cornering range and upwards, in excess of the critical limit, and into the countersteer range. The results of a driving simulator experiment show that the steering effect improves and maneuverability and stability increase in the critical cornering range and upwards, in excess of the critical limit, and into the countersteer range by applying linear-variable control to the steering ratio from a body slip angle of 5?. This result is seen both in double lane changes, such as in hazard avoidance, and in J-turns with long drifting. Moreover, it shows an improvement in drift controllability through prompt countersteering. Overall, the present system can enhance the driver’s hazard avoidance capability.

关键词： Motion Control Automobile Vehicle Dynamics Maneuverability Variable Gear Ratio

A Comparative Visualization Strategy of Probabilistic Susceptibility Maps for Analyzing Different Types of Slope Failures

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2012年第8期2卷 451-460页

作者： Hirohito Kojima Ryo nozaki Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science Chiba 278-8510 Japan

This paper presents a comparative visualization strategy of slope failure susceptibility maps for analyzing different types of simultaneous occurrences of slope failures. Through the SEM （structural equation modeling）, slope failure susceptibility maps are produced by using causal factors （i.e., geographical information, satellite remotely sensed data）. As for a conventional pair-wise comparative procedure, the differences between susceptibility maps are delineated on difference maps, that can be, however, applied for evaluating differences only between pairs of susceptibility maps. One of the strong requirements from specialists working on slope stability evaluation is a comparative and visualization strategy of susceptibility maps with respect to ＂different types of simultaneous slope failures＂, for which the discussion is insufficient in the previous research activities for constructing the quantitative models for slope failure hazard mapping. As a measure, a color composite map based on susceptibility maps has been produced. The combination of assigning susceptibility maps to RGB-color planes is determined based on an index of ＂NCCT （normalized correlated color temperature）＂ which represents the relationship between chromaticity and human visual perception. Through the cases examined, the result indicates that the proposed color composite map, as a heuristic visualization strategy, is useful for simultaneously evaluating the hazardous areas affected by ＂different types of slope failures＂.

关键词： Types of slope failures simultaneous slope failures hazard mapping spatial data integration structural equationmodeling remote sensing.

Camber Angle Control Method Corresponding to the Electric Vehicle Age

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第8期6卷 472-484页

作者： Takahiko Yoshino Hiromichi nozaki Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Kogakuin Tokyo Japan

In recent years, the conversion of vehicles to electric power has been accelerating, and if a full conversion to electric power is achieved, further advancements in vehicle kinematic control technology are expected. Therefore, it is thought that kinematic performance in the critical cornering range could be further improved by significantly controlling not only the steering angle but also the camber angle of the tires through the use of electromagnetic actuators. This research focused on a method of ground negative camber angle control that is proportional to the steering angle as a technique to improve maneuverability and stability to support the new era of electric vehicles, and the effectiveness thereof was clarified. As a result, it was found that in the critical cornering range as well, camber angle control can control both the yaw moment and lateral acceleration at the turning limit. It was also confirmed that both stability and the steering effect in the critical cornering range are improved by implementing ground negative camber angle control that is proportional to the steering angle using actuators. Dramatic improvements in cornering limit performance can be achieved by implementing ground negative camber angle control that is proportional to the steering angle.

关键词： Motion Control Automobile Vehicle Dynamics Maneuverability Camber Angle Control

Our Current Trend in Reconstruction of Scar and Contractural Deformities Around the Head and Neck in Burn Patients

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Our Current Trend in Reconstruction of Scar and Contractural...

Large Scale Analysis of Complex Permittivity of Breast Cancer in Microwave Band

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作者： Motohiro nozaki M. D. Ph. D. Dept. of Plastic Surgery Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital Tokyo Japan

The task of reconstructing deformities due to scarring and contractural deformities in burn patients, especially in the head and neck area, remains to be extremely difficult and challenging. Although a bum wound may be readily covered with skin grafting, reconstruction of a structural defect consequential to scar removal and contractural release can be complicated. The resultant tissue defect following releasing procedures is usually extensive and could involve not only the skin and the underlying soft tissues but also the supportive skeletal structures. Reconstruction of the deformity, therefore, requires a more innovative approach. That is, the surgeons must be highly skilled in surgical procedures and is in possession of thorough knowledge about the organs that could be used as a graft source as the availability of

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2020年第4期9卷 101-109页

作者： Yoshihiko Kuwahara Akira nozaki Kimihito Fujii Department of Electric and Electronical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery Department of Surgery Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan

To obtain some prior knowledge of breast cancer detection by microwave imaging, we have measured and analyzed the complex permittivity of tissues extracted from over 140 breast cancer surgeries. The relative permittivity and conductivity of tumor at 1.6 GHz were 17.5% and 16.2% higher than those of mammary gland tissue, respectively. In invasive ductal carcinoma of scirrhous type, 8 out of 64 had higher relative permittivity and conductivity of mammary gland than those of tumor. However, when evaluated by the Debye parameter considering the frequency dependence of the tissue, it is rare that ε∞ and Δε of cancer are simultaneously lower than those of mammary gland. The relative permittivity and conductivity of fibroadenoma are almost the same as those of mammary glands. The relative permittivity and conductivity of each tissue showed strong linearity. Microwave imaging requires accurate reconstruction of ε∞ and Δε to distinguish cancer from normal tissue.

关键词： Breast Cancer Detection Microwave Imaging Complex Permittivity Debye Model

Prompt report of proof testing of CRIEPI in-situ triaxial test method on rock mass

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Prompt report of proof testing of CRIEPI in-situ triaxial te...