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Photophysics and electrochemistry relevant to photocatalytic water splitting involved at solid–electrolyte interfaces

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第2期26卷 259-269页

作者： Tatsuya Shinagawa Zhen Cao Luigi Cavallo kazuhiro Takanabe King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) KAUST Catalysis Center and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division(PSE)4700 KAUSTThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

Direct photon to chemical energy conversion using semiconductor–electrocatalyst–electrolyte interfaces has been extensively investigated for more than a half century. Many studies have focused on screening materials for efficient photocatalysis. Photocatalytic efficiency has been improved during this period but is not sufficient for industrial commercialization. Detailed elucidation on the photocatalytic water splitting process leads to consecutive six reaction steps with the fundamental parameters involved: The photocatalysis is initiated involving photophysics derived from various semiconductor properties(1: photon absorption, 2: exciton separation). The generated charge carriers need to be transferred to surfaces effectively utilizing the interfaces(3: carrier diffusion, 4: carrier transport). Consequently, electrocatalysis finishes the process by producing products on the surface(5: catalytic efficiency, 6: mass transfer of reactants and products). Successful photocatalytic water splitting requires the enhancement of efficiency at each stage. Most critically, a fundamental understanding of the interfacial phenomena is highly desired for establishing 'photocatalysis by design' concepts, where the kinetic bottleneck within a process is identified by further improving the specific properties of photocatalytic materials as opposed to blind material screening. Theoretical modeling using the identified quantitative parameters can effectively predict the theoretically attainable photon-conversion yields. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art theoretical understanding of interfacial problems mainly developed in our *** water splitting(especially hydrogen evolution on metal surfaces) was selected as a topic,and the photophysical and electrochemical processes that occur at semiconductor–metal, semiconductor–electrolyte and metal–electrolyte interfaces are discussed.

关键词： Photocatalysis Interface Water splitting Modeling Electrocatalysis Hydrogen evolution

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Controllable multi-domain semantic artwork synthesis

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第2期10卷 355-373页

作者： Yuantian Huang Satoshi Iizuka Edgar Simo-Serra kazuhiro Fukui Department of Computer Science University of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8577Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Waseda UniversityTokyo 169-8050Japan

We present a novel framework for the multidomain synthesis of artworks from semantic *** of the main limitations of this challenging task is the lack of publicly available segmentation datasets for art *** address this problem,we propose a dataset called ArtSem that contains 40,000 images of artwork from four different domains,with their corresponding semantic label *** first extracted semantic maps from landscape photography and used a conditional generative adversarial network(GAN)-based approach for generating high-quality artwork from semantic maps without requiring paired training ***,we propose an artwork-synthesis model using domain-dependent variational encoders for high-quality multi-domain ***,the model was improved and complemented with a simple but effective normalization method based on jointly normalizing semantics and style,which we call spatially style-adaptive normalization(SSTAN).Compared to the previous methods,which only take semantic layout as the input,our model jointly learns style and semantic information representation,improving the generation quality of artistic *** results indicate that our model learned to separate the domains in the latent ***,we can perform fine-grained control of the synthesized artwork by identifying hyperplanes that separate the different ***,by combining the proposed dataset and approach,we generated user-controllable artworks of higher quality than that of existing approaches,as corroborated by quantitative metrics and a user study.

关键词： semantic artwork synthesis generative adversarial network(GAN) datasets non-photorealistic rendering

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Direct ethanol production from rice straw by coculture with two high-performing fungi

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 139-145页

作者： Maki TAKANO kazuhiro HOSHINO Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama 930-8555 Japan

To develop efficient and economical direct ethanol production from fine rice straw crashed mechanically, two high-performing fungi, which can secret hyperactive cellulases and/or ferment effectively various sugars, were selected from some strains belong to Mucor circinelloides preserved in our laboratory. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF） by coculture with these fungi was investigated. The screening of high- performing fungi resulted in the selection of NBRC 4572 as an ethanol-producing fungus and NBRC 5398 as a cellulase-secreting fungus. The strain 4572 produced ethanol aerobically from glucose and xylose in high yields of 0.420 g/g at 36 h and 0.478 g/g at 60 h, respectively, but secreted fairly low cellulases. On the other hand, the strain 5398 also produced ethanol from glucose in yield of 0.340 g/g though it had a little growth in xylose culture. However, it secreted hyperactive cellulases that are essential for hydrolysis of rice straw in culture and the maximum activities of endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosi- dase were 2.11 U/L and 1.47 U/L, respectively. In SSF of rice straw by coculture with two fungi selected, the ethanol production reached 1.28 g/L after 96 h when the inoculation ratio of the strain 5398 to the strain 4572 was 9.

关键词： Mucor circinelloides ethanol production cellulase secretion SSF coculture rice straw

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Chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the sorafenib age

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第15期20卷 4151-4159页

作者： Koji Miyahara kazuhiro Nouso Kazuhide Yamamoto Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineDentistryand Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama-cityOkayama 700-8558Japan Department of Molecular Hepatology Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineDentistryand Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama-cityOkayama 700-8558Japan

The kinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only systemic therapy proven to have a positive effect on survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).After development of sorafenib and its introduction as a therapeutic agent used in the clinic,several critical questions have been *** parameters and biomarkers predicting sorafenib efficacy are the most important issues that need to be *** it is difficult to know the responders in advance using conventional characteristics of patients,there are specific serum cytokines and/or gene amplification in tumor tissues that have been reported to predict efficacy of *** and benefits of continuation of sorafenib beyond radiological progression is another issue to consider because no other standard therapy for advanced HCC as yet *** addition,effectiveness of the expanded application of sorafenib is still controversial,although a few studies have shed some light on combinational treatment with sorafenib for intermediate-stage ***,over 50 relevant drugs have been developed and are currently under *** efficacy of some of these drugs has been extensively examined,but none have demonstrated any superiority over sorafenib,so ***,there are several drugs that have shown efficacy for treatment after sorafenib failure,and these are proceeding to further *** address these issues and questions,we have done extensive literature review and summarize the most current status of therapeutic application of sorafenib.

关键词： Biomarker Molecular targeted therapy Clinical trial Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Sorafenib

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Effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs in a mountainous region in Japan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第4期24卷 747-754页

作者： kazuhiro Aruga Gyo Hiyamizu Chikara Nakahata Masashi Saito Department of Forest Science Faculty of AgricultureUtsunomiya University Frontier Agriscience and Technology Center Faculty of AgricultureShinshu University

We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.

关键词： aggregating forests establishing forest road networks mechanization operational efficiency costs

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Radical Cation Diels-Alder Reactions of Non-Conjugated Alkenes as Dienophiles by Electrocatalysis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2019年第6期37卷 561-564页

作者： Atsushi Ozaki Yusuke Yamaguchi Yohei Okada kazuhiro Chiba Department of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3-5-8 Saiwai-choFuchuTokyo 183-8509Japan Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology2-24-16 Naka-choKoganeiTokyo 184-8588Japan

Radical cation Diels-Alder reactions provide a powerful method for the construction of six-membered ring systems between both electron-rich dienes and dienophiles. However, the most recent examples of this class have been limited to β-methylstyrenes as dienophiles;the use of non-conjugated alkenes remains challenging. The present study describes the serendipitous development of novel radical cation Diels-Alder reactions by electrocatalysis that use non-conjugated alkenes as dienophiles. The key to successful transformation involves highly substituted cyclohexenyl radical cations that are stable enough to be reduced by intermolecular single electron transfer.

关键词： radical cation Diels-Alder reaction non-conjugated alkene electrochemistry single electron transfer

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Comparison of Effect of Brassinosteroid and Gibberellin Biosynthesis Inhibitors on Growth of Rice Seedlings

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Rice science 2016年第1期23卷 51-55页

作者： Tadashi MATUSMOTO kazuhiro YAMADA Yuko YOSHIZAWA Keimei OH Department of Biotechnology Akita Prefectural University

Brassinosteroid（BR） and gibberellin（GA） are two predominant plant hormones that regulate plant cell elongation. Mutants disrupt the biosynthesis of these hormones and display different degrees of dwarf phenotypes in rice. Although the role of each plant hormone in promoting the longitudinal growth of plants has been extensively studied using genetic methods, their relationship is still poorly understood. In this study, we used two specific inhibitors targeting BR and GA biosynthesis to investigate the roles of BR and GA in growth of rice seedlings. Yucaizol, a specific inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, and Trinexapac-ethyl, a commercially available inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, were used. The effect of Yucaizol on rice seedlings indicated that Yucaizol significantly retarded stem elongation. The IC_（50） value was found to be approximately 0.8 μmol/L. Yucaizol also induced small leaf angle phenocopy in rice seedlings, similarly to BR-deficient rice, while Trinexapac-ethyl did not. When Yucaizol combined with Trinexapac-ethyl was applied to the rice plants, the mixture of these two inhibitors retarded stem elongation of rice at lower doses. Our results suggest that the use of a BR biosynthesis inhibitor combined with a GA biosynthesis inhibitor may be useful in the development of new technologies for controlling rice plant height.

关键词： brassinosteroid gibberellin plant hormone plant growth regulator rice

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A Novel Thermomorphic System for Electrocatalytic Diels-Alder Reactions

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2019年第6期37卷 557-560页

作者： Yasushi Imada Naoki Shida Yohei Okada kazuhiro Chiba Department of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology3-5-8 Saiwai-choFuchuTokyo 183-8509Japan Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology2-24-16 Naka-choKoganeiTokyo 184-8588Japan

The discovery that lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (LiTFSI)/1-nitropropane (PrNO2) solution functions as a less polar alternative to lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)/nitromethane (MeNO2) solution has led to the development of a novel thermomorphic system for electrocatalytic Diels-Alder reactions. Methyl cyclohexane (Me-c-Hex) can form a monophasic condition with LiTFSI/PrNO2 solution at room temperature, enabling the use of hydrophobic dienophiles. After the electrochemical reaction, a biphasic condition can be formed at –50℃, where the cycloadducts are selectively recovered from the upper Me-c-Hex phase and the remaining lower LiTFSI/PrNO2 solution can be reused.

关键词： thermomorphic system electro catalytic Diels-Alder reaction electrochemistry synthetic methods cycloaddition

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Accelerated biodegradation of nitrophenols in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 800-807页

作者： Risky Ayu Kristanti Masahiro Kanbe Tadashi Toyama Yasuhiro Tanaka kazuhiro Mori Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi 4-3-11 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8511 Japan

We investigated the biodegradation of 2-nitrophenol （2-NP）, 4-nitrophenol （4-NP）, and 2,4-dinitrophenol （2,4-DNP） in the rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza plants by conducting degradation experiments with three river water samples supplemented with each nitrophenol （NP）. We then isolated NP-degrading bacteria both from the S. polyrrhiza roots and from the river water. In the river water samples, removal of the three NP was accelerated in the presence of S. polyrrhiza plants. The three NPs persisted in an autoclaved solution with sterile plants suggests that NP removal was accelerated largely by bacterial NP biodegradation rather than by adsorption and uptake by the plants. We isolated 8 strains of NP-degrading bacteria： 6 strains from the S. polyrrhiza roots and 2 strains from river water without the plants. The 2-NP- and 2,4-DNP-degrading bacteria were isolated only from the S. polyrrhiza roots. The 4-NP- degrading bacteria different from those isolated from the river water samples were also found on S. polyrrhiza roots. The 2-NP- and 4-NP-degrading strains isolated from the roots utilized the corresponding NP （0.5 mmol/L） as the sole carbon and energy source. The 2,4-DNP-degrading strains isolated from the roots showed substantial 2,4-DNP-degrading activity, but the presence of other carbon and energy sources was required for their growth. The isolated NP-degrading bacteria from the roots must have contributed to the accelerated degradation of the three NPs in the rhizosphere of S. polyrrhiza. Our results suggested that rhizoremediation with S. polyrrhiza may be effective for NP-contaminated surface water.

关键词： Spirodela polyrrhiza rhizosphere nitrophenol biodegradation

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Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 646-659页

作者： kazuhiro Asami Shinji Atagi Department of Clinical Oncology National Hospital Organization Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center Sakai CityOsaka 591-8555 Japan

First-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs), including gefitinib and erlotinib, have proven to be highly effective agents for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in patients harboring an activating EGFR mutation such as the exon 19 deletion mutation and L858 R. Although those reversible small molecular targeted agents provide a significant response and survival benefit, all responders eventually acquire resistance. Secondgeneration EGFR-targeting agents, such as irreversible EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors and pan-HER TKIs, may improve survival further and be useful for patients who acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. This review discusses novel therapeutic strategies for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC using first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs.

关键词： Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors Non-small cell lung cancer Secondary resistance

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