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第十八届中国科协年会——分12 大气雾霾及PM2.5控制先进技术研讨会

作者： kazuaki kawamoto Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmetal Sciences Nagasaki University

First, the principles of satellite remote sensing for aerosols and cloud properties are reviewed, and several observational results from passive and active sensors are shown, for example, implications with Twomey effect. Then following analyses are explained on the behavior of radar reflectivity(Ze) from Cloud Profiling Radar on board Cloud Sat with variation in the properties of low-level water clouds, such as the effective droplet radius(re), geometrical thickness(Dcld), and liquid water path(LWP), over the northwest Pacific and China. The changes in the distribution of max Ze(the largest Ze within a cloud layer) were examined in terms of variation in the cloud parameters such as small, mid and large categories, while max Ze had monomodal distributions regarding variation in re and Dcld, that appeared bimodal in the small category of LWP. It was confirmed that the small category of LWP contained both nonprecipitating clouds in the incipient stage and raining clouds in the dissipating stage. Next, optically measured particle size was combined with LWP derived from the microwave measurement to classify the precipitation type. Applying max Ze and Dcld to the analysis of classified precipitation types corroborated the importance of Dcld for examining the occurrence of precipitation. Finally, the position of max Ze relative to the cloud top was investigated using a measure of the probability of precipitation(POP) according to variation in re in order to get better understanding of the vertical distribution of precipitation amount. The results showed that the Pacific and China had ‘bow’ and ‘funnel’ shapes, respectively. The emergence of these shapes according to the variation in re was interpreted as the enhancement of Ze due to droplet collisional growth and the attenuation of Ze by the presence of large particles. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of smaller particles(nearly10 μm in radius) reinforced the idea of rapid, efficient particle growth in the lower part of t

关键词： aerosol indirect effect cloud properties satellite observation MODIS Cloud Sat

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Characteristics of Atmospheric Particles and Radiation Over Tibetan Plateau

Characteristics of Atmospheric Particles and Radiation Over ...

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第四届青藏高原国际学术研讨会

作者： kazuaki kawamoto Research Institute for Humanity and Nature KyotoJapan

＜正＞In order to help a comprehensive understanding of climate processes over Tibetan Plateau, some basic meteorological components （aerosol optical depth, precipitable water, cloud fraction, cloud optical depth, precipitation and surface downward shortwave radiative flux: DSRF） are collected and analyzed to study their seasonal variations. Most of products used here are from satellite data analysis from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project （ISCCP）. Data of aerosol optical depth, precipitation and radiative flux are from numerical model simulations, ground-based rain gauges and parameterization inputting ISCCP products, respectively. The area interested is E70-E105, N20-N50. Aerosol optical depth is not seasonally-variable. On average, it is about 0.7. This value is rather high over land. The main component of aerosol species seems to be soil particles. Cloud fraction is particularly high in April and July and vice versa. Clouds are optically thicker （around about 30） in summer, and are not so much in other seasons. These would be caused by Asian monsoon for spring-summer and by high-pressure system for fall-winter. DSRF is dominated by the cloud fraction, cloud optical depth and solar zenith angle. Consequently, the seasonal variation of DSRF is complicatedly combinative with cloud and sun-viewing conditions. Satellite-derived DSRF is compared with ground-based pyranometer to be validated. Detailed analyses including precipitation will be shown at the symposium.

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Physical and Microbiological Properties of Alfalfa-Established Soil in the Semiarid Horqin Sandy Land in Northern China

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 439-449页

作者： Yumei Kang Tatsuya Kawazawa Taisei Kono Jun kawamoto Yong Zhang Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science Kochi University Nankoku Japan Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing China

In a previous article, we reported that a local variety of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aohan) had high potential to be a pioneer plant for ecological restoration in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. The plantation of Aohan significantly improved the organic matter, clay, total carbon and nitrogen contents of the soils. In this study, we investigated the physical properties such as dispersion ratio, water-stable aggregates content, and the soil microbiomes, five years after alfalfa establishment in the same study site. We found no significant difference in the dispersion ratios between the soils before and after alfalfa establishment, and all the soils at the study site were erosive. Water stable aggregates mainly distributed in 96%, suggesting that it would take longer time for improving soil structure. However, large-size aggregates (2 - 5 mm) content was slightly higher in the alfalfa planting plots. This slight increase is presumed to have long-term importance for soil and ecosystem recovery in semi-arid areas like Horqin Sandy Land. Moreover, we also found that Actinomycetes dominated the microbial community in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, and two kinds of rhizobia, Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium fredii, were identified in the rhizosphere soil.

关键词： Dispersion Ratio Water-Stable Aggregate Rhizosphere Microbiome Rhizobia

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Recent Development of Steelmaking Process in Sumitomo Metals

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2011年第S2期18卷 28-35页

作者： Masayuki kawamoto Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd.1-8-11 Harumi Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-6111Japan

Sumitomo Metal *** the third place steelmaking company for productivity in ***,we have some first Japanese innovations results in steelmaking *** this report,SRP process and some topics for continuous casting have bee... 详细信息

关键词： SRP SSC PCCS AI nozzle continuous casting steelmaking

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Depolymerization of polyamide 6 in hydrophilic ionic liquids

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Green Energy & Environment 2019年第2期4卷 166-170页

作者： Akio Kamimura Yuto Shiramatsu Takuji kawamoto Department of Applied Chemistry Yamaguchi University

Polyamide 6 underwent an efficient depolymerization in hydrophilic ionic liquids under microwave irradiation at 300C. The depolymerization completed within 60 min. Caprolactam was readily separated by simple extraction procedure and the ionic liquids were recovered and reused for several times. Addition of catalytic amounts of DMAP(N,N-dimethylaminopyridine) promoted the depolymerization *** present improved procedure provides a method to avoid direct distillation procedure, which consumes energy for the separation of caprolactam from ionic liquids. Although some contamination of ionic liquids was observed, the present procedure provides a new possibility for the use of ionic liquids for plastic chemical recycling from the viewpoint of development of an energy-saving methodology. Use of solubility switchable ionic liquids is also examined to explore a possibility for better separation although depolymerization did not work well.

关键词： Chemical recycling Polyamides Chemical conversion Ionic liquids

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Communication Scheduling with Diversity for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using Local 5G

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2020年第1期5卷 50-61页

作者： Takeru Kitagawa Yuichi kawamoto Nei Kato Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Aramaki-Aoba 6-3-09Aoba-kuSendai980-8579Japan

The use of unmanned aircraft systems(UAS)for critical public service missions by public organizations,local governments,and social users is *** radio transmission by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)is indispensable in these *** of the standards suitable for UAV wireless communications is local ***,to introduce local 5G into a UAS,several problems specific to UASes must be *** include the deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio due to topography and obstacles,the uncertainty of the communication environment due to the movement of multiple UAVs,and the limitation of the frequency *** address these problems and to introduce local 5G into the UAS,we propose a novel communication scheduling *** method incorporates transmission modes with *** evaluations shows that total data volumes increase by 1.9~3 times with the proposed scheduling method compared with transmission without diversity or efficient scheduling.

关键词： unmanned aircraft system(UAS) unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) local 5G diversity scheduling LTE sidelink time division multiple access(TDMA)

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Topology optimization based on reduction methods with applications to multiscale design and additive manufacturing

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第1期15卷 151-165页

作者： Emmanuel TROMME Atsushi kawamoto James KGUEST Department of Civil Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc.NagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan

Advanced manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing offer now the capability to control material placement at unprecedented length scales and thereby dramatically open up the design *** includes the considerations of new component topologies as well as the architecture of material within a topology offering new paths to creating lighter and more efficient *** optimization is an ideal tool for navigating this multiscale design problem and leveraging the capabilities of advanced manufacturing ***,the resulting design problem is computationally challenging as very fine discretizations are needed to capture all micro-structural *** this paper,a method based on reduction techniques is proposed to perform efficiently topology optimization at multiple *** method solves the design problem without length scale separation,i.e.,without iterating between the two ***,connectivity between space-varying micro-structures is naturally *** design problems for various types of micro-structural periodicity are performed to illustrate the method,including applications to infill patterns in additive manufacturing.

关键词： multiscale topology optimization micro-structure additive manufacturing reduction techniques substructuring static condensation super-element

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Dioxin sources to the aquatic environment: Re-assessing dioxins in industrial processes and possible emissions to the aquatic

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 52-62页

作者： Katsuya kawamoto Roland Weber School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University3-1-1 Tsushima-nakaOkayama700-8530Japan POPs Environmental Consulting Lindenfirststraße 2373527Schwabisch GmündGermany

Releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDFs)from industrial or thermal processes to the aquatic environment are considered small compared to emissions to air ***,industrial processes have occasionally released PCDD/PCDFs into local aquatic environments..PCDD/PCDF formation and releases were re-examined based on investigations conducted before the introduction of water quality regulations in *** was given to PCDD/PCDF formation in various industrial processes such as the manufacture of acetylene and *** acetylene production,PCDD/PCDFs are formed in the oxidative process using chlorine to remove impurities,with PCDFs formed with the particular chlorine pattern with 1,2,7,8-TetraCDF,2,3,7,8-TetraCDFs and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HexaCDF as maker congeners and low PCDDs *** indicates that acetylene production residues contain *** caprolactam production,formation of PCDD/PCDFs in the cyclohexane photonitrosation process has been confirmed and the emission factor for PCDD/PCDF releases to water from for caprolactam manufacture was estimated with an emission factor for releases to the aquatic environment of 0.25±0.04 mgTEQ/t.A range of additional processes with PCDD/PCDF release were also found during the Japanese ***,the formation processes were placed in two categories:(A)chemical synthesis processes and (B)flue gas treatment of high temperature *** final effluent water met the PCDD/PCDF limits by applying advanced treatment for PCDD/PCDF removal such as activated carbon *** survey shows that industrial processes involving elemental chlorine or other processes that facilitate chlorination or use chlorinating chemicals should be assessed and controlled for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs releases to *** such surveys,chemicals from the chlorine and organochlorine industry should also be assessed for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs contamination as pr

关键词： PCDD/PCDF Water pollution Industrial sources Acetylene manufacturing Caprolactam manufacturing Pattern Unintentional POPs

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Hepatitis B:Who should be treated?-managing patients with chronic hepatitis B during the immune-tolerant and immunoactive phases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第43期27卷 7497-7508页

作者： Miwa Kawanaka Ken Nishino Hirofumi kawamoto Ken Haruma Department of General Internal Medicine 2 General Medical CenterKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayama 700-8505Japan

New hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are decreasing owing to improved antiviral therapy and increased HBV vaccination worldwide;however,the number of HBV infections remains a major cause of liver *** triggers cytotoxic immunity to eliminate HBV-infected ***,the HBV pathophysiology changes in persistently infected individuals depending on host immune responses and HBV DNA proliferation *** prevent liver cirrhosis and carcinogenesis caused by HBV,it is important to treat HBV infection at an early *** treatment is recommended for the immunoactive hepatitis B surface-antigen-positive and-negative phase,but not during the immune-inactive phase or immune-tolerant phase;instead,follow-up is ***,these patients should be monitored through regular blood tests to accurately diagnose the immune-inactive or-tolerant *** treatment regimen should be determined based on the age,sex,family history of liver cancer,and liver fibrosis status of *** treatment is often recommended due to various problems during the immune-tolerant *** review compares the four major international practice guidelines,including those from the Japanese Society of Hepatology,and discusses strategies for chronic hepatitis B treatment during the immune-tolerant,immune-inactive,and resolved ***,recommended hepatitis B antiviral therapy and follow-up protocols are discussed.

关键词： Hepatitis B Immune tolerance Immune-inactive Anti-viral therapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis

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Current standard values of health utility scores for evaluating costeffectiveness in liver disease:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第31期28卷 4442-4455页

作者： Tomohiro Ishinuki Shigenori Ota Kohei Harada Masaki kawamoto Makoto Meguro Goro Kutomi Hiroomi Tatsumi Keisuke Harada Koji Miyanishi Toru Kato Toshio Ohyanagi Thomas T Hui Toru Mizuguchi Department of Nursing Surgical SciencesSapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 0608556Japan Departments of Surgery Surgical Science and OncologySapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 0608543Japan Department of Radiology Sapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 0608543Japan Departments of Surgery Nemuro City HospitalNemuro 0870008Japan Departments of Surgery Sapporo Satozuka HospitalSapporo 0040811Japan Department of Intensive Care Medicine Sapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 0608543Japan Department of Emergency Medicine Sapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 0608543Japan Department of Medical Oncology Sapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 0608543Japan Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences Center for Medical EducationSapporo Medical UniversitySapporo 0608556Japan Departments of Surgery Stanford University School of MedicineStanford94598United States

BACKGROUND Health utility assessments have been developed for various conditions,including chronic liver *** utility scores are required for socio-economic evaluations,which can aid the distribution of national ***,the standard health utility assessment scores for specific health conditions are largely *** To summarize the health utility scores,including the EuroQOL 5-dimensions 5-levels(EQ-5D-5L),EuroQol-visual analogue scale,short from-36(SF-36),RAND-36,and Health Utilities Index(HUI)-Mark2/Mark3 scores,for the normal population and chronic liver disease *** A systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE,including the Cochrane Library,was ***-analysis was performed using the RevMan *** means and standard deviations were combined using the StatsToDo online web *** The EQ-5D-5L and SF-36 can be used for health utility evaluations during antiviral therapy for hepatitis ***-Mark2/Mark3 indicated that the health utility scores of hepatitis B patients are roughly 30% better than those of hepatitis C *** The EQ-5D-5L is the most popular questionnaire for health utility *** assessments that allow free registration would be useful for evaluating health utility in patients with liver disease.

关键词： Quality of life EuroQOL 5-dimensions 5-levels Short from-36 RAND-36 Health Utilities Index-Mark

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