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Fabrication and Significant Photoelectrochemical Activity of Titania Nanotubes Modified with Thin Indium Tin Oxide Film

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第12期30卷 1210-1220页

作者： Katarzyna Siuzdak Mariusz Szkoda Jakub Karczewski Jacek Ryl kazimierz darowicki Katarzyna Grochowska Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences Fiszera 14 80-231 Gdansk Poland Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials Chemical Faculty Gdańsk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdafisk Poland Department of Electrochemistry Corrosion and Materials Engineering Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdafisk Poland

Ordered titanium dioxide nanotubes （TiOaNTs） modified with indium tin oxide （ITO） films were obtained via magnetron sputtering, in which ITO plate was used as a target, onto the as-anodized titania support followed by the calcination process. The morphology of fabricated material with deposited oxide was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopies were utilized to characterize crystalline phase and optical properties of prepared samples, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allowed determining the binding energy of present elements. In the case of titanium, three various oxidation states were identified and also the presence of indium and tin was confirmed. The electrochemical test carried out when the sample was exposed to light allows for selection of the most photoactive material. The highest photocurrent was registered when only 5-nm ITO layer was sputtered, and it equals 256 and 133 μA cm^-2 for the electrode material immersed in 0.5 M KOH and K2SO4 electrolytes, respectively, that is accordingly 3.5 and 4.4 times higher than the one observed for pristine titania. Furthermore, ITO-modified titania exhibits excellent photostability upon prolonged illumination that is of key importance for possible application in light-driven processes.

关键词： Titania nanotubes Indium tin oxide Photoactivity Anodization Magnetron sputtering Electrochemical activity

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Evaluation of zeolite-sand mixtures as reactive materials protecting groundwater at waste disposal sites

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1764-1772页

作者： Fronczyk Joanna Garbulewski kazimierz Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Geotechnical Engineering Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW

To recognize properties of a mixture of Vistula sand （medium sand acc. to USCS） with Slovak zeolite as reactive materials suitable for permeable reactive barriers proposed for protection of groundwater environment in vicinity of old landfills comprehensive laboratory investigations were performed. The present study investigates the removal of contaminants specific for landfill leachates onto zeolite-sand mixtures containing 20%, 50% and 80% of zeolite （ZS20, ZS50 and ZS80）. Taking into account the results of batch tests it was concluded that the Langmuir isotherm best fitted the data. It was observed that the presence of ammonium, calcium and magnesium decreases the removal efficiency of copper by 32%. Column tests of contaminant migration through the attenuation zone of the reactive materials were interpreted using the software package CXTFIT, which solves a one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation. Column test results also indicate the strong influence of the presence of interfering substances on copper immobilisation; dynamic sorption capacities decrees twofold. Throughout the landfill leachate flow through ZS80 sample, a constant reduction of NH＋4 （at 100%）, K＋（at 93%） and Fe total （at an average of 86%） were observed. There was no reduction in chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand.

关键词： permeable reactive barrier reactive materials sorption criteria contaminants migration zeolite-sand mixture break-through curves

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Vitali Type Convergence Theorems for Banach Space Valued Integrals

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2013年第11期29卷 2027-2036页

作者： Marek BALCERZAK kazimierz MUSIAL Institute of Mathematics Lodz University of Technologyul.Wolczańska 21593-005 LodzPoland Institute of Mathematics University of WroclawPl.Grunwaldzki 2/450-384 WroclawPoland

Let （Ω,∑,μ） be a complete probability space and let X be a Banach space. We introduce the notion of scalar equi-convergence in measure which being applied to sequences of Pettis integrable functions generates a new convergence theorem. We Mso obtain a Vituli type Z-convergence theorem for Pettis integrals where Z is an ideal on N. Keywords Convergence theorems for integrals, Pettis integral, scalar equi-convergence in measure, Z-convergence

关键词： Convergence theorems for integrals Pettis integral scalar equi-convergence in measure I-convergence 28A20 28B05 40A10 40A30 46G10

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Influence of wet activation of used inorganic binder on cyclically refreshed water glass moulding sands hardened by microwaves

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China Foundry 2016年第6期13卷 427-432页

作者： Mateusz Stachowicz kazimierz Granat Department of Foundry Plastics and Automation Wroc?aw University of Technology

The paper presents the research results of using an innovative method to reclaim the waste moulding sands containing water glass. Two of the examined processes are connected with "dry" or "wet" activation of inorganic binder in waste moulding sand mixtures physically hardened by microwave radiation. The sand mixtures consisting of high-silica sand and water-glass with average molar module 2.5, were subjected to the following cyclical process: mixing the components, compacting, microwave heating, cooling-down, thermally loading the mould to 800 °C, cooling-down to ambient temperature, and knocking-out. After being knocked-out, the waste moulding sands were subjected to either dry or wet activation of the binder. To activate thermally treated inorganic binder, each of the examined processes employed the surface phenomenon usually associated to mechanical reclamation. The study also covered possible use of some elements of wet reclamation to rehydrate waste binder. To evaluate the effectiveness of the two proposed methods of waste binder activation, selected strength and technological parameters were measured. After each subsequent processing cycle, the permeability, tensile strength and bending strength were determined. In addition, the surface of activated sand grains was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Analysis of the results indicates that it is possible to re-activate the used binder such as sodium silicate, and to stabilize the strength parameters in both activation processes. Permeability of the refreshed moulding sands strongly depends on the surface condition of high-silica grains. The wet activation process by wetting and buffering knocked-out moulding sands in closed humid environment makes it possible to reduce the content of refreshing additive in water-glass. The moulding sands cyclically prepared in both processes do not require the addition of fresh high-silica sand. The relatively high quality achieved in the refreshed moulding sands allo

关键词： moulding sand reclamation water-glass microwave heating refreshing

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Radon-Nikodym Derivatives of Finitely Additive Interval Measures Taking Values in a Banach Space with Basis

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第2期28卷 219-234页

作者： Benedetto BONGIORNO Luisa DI PIAZZA kazimierz MUSIAL Department of Mathematics University of Palermo Institut of Mathematics Wroclaw University

Let X be a Banach space with a Schauder basis （en）, and let Ф（I） =∑^∞n=1 en ft fn（t）dt be a finitely additive interval measure on the unit interval [0, 1], where the integrals are taken in the sense of Henstock-Kurzweil. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for Ф to be the indefinite integral of a Henstock Kurzweil-Pettis （or Henstock, or variational Henstock） integrable function f ： [0, 1] → X.

关键词： Henstock Kurzweil integral Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis integral Henstock integral variational Henstock integral Pettis integral

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Degradation of a protected mountain area by tourist traffic:case study of the Tatra National Park,Poland

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2503-2519页

作者： Joanna FIDELUS-ORZECHOWSKA Elzbieta GORCZYCA Marcin BUKOWSKI kazimierz KRZEMIEN Institute of Geography Pedagogical University of KrakowPodchorqzych 230-084 KrakowPoland Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 730-387 KrakowPoland Tatra National Park Kuznice 134-500 ZakopanePoland

Mountain protected areas are characterized by high biodiversity,which makes it a great challenge for managers to maintain a balance between their use and the stability of natural *** that balance is particularly difficult in areas with high tourism *** expected volume of tourist traffic should be considered at the planning stage of the tourist infrastructure development *** capacity of tourist infrastructure can lead to environmental degradation,which is hard,or at times impossible,to *** our research,we identified patterns of tourist footpath and road functioning in an environmentally protected area with high volumes of tourist *** from geomorphologic mapping was analyzed in order to identify tourist footpath and road structures in the Tatra National Park(TNP).Fieldwork was conducted in several stages between 1995 and *** from the years 1977,2009,2017 and 2019 were used to identify and compare degraded zones along selected tourist *** zones were defined as areas surrounding a footpath or tourist road with a mean width larger than or equal to 10 meters,with heavily damaged or completely removed vegetation and exposed,weathered cover,where geomorphic processes that would not take place under normal conditions are readily *** examined tourist footpaths and roads vary in terms of their morphometric *** has shown important differences between mean and maximum footpath width as well as maximum incision depth for the forest zone versus the subalpine and alpine zones.A lack of differences in these parameters was noted between the alpine and subalpine *** has shown that an increase in the surface area of degraded zones found adjacent to tourist footpaths occurred in all the studied geo-ecological zones in the study ***,the largest increase occurred atop wide ridgelines found in the alpine *** zones may be an indication of exce

关键词： Tourist traffic Degraded zones Mountain area Morphogenetic processes Carrying capacity

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Probabilistic Properties of a Curve Number:A Case Study for Small Polish and Slovak Carpathian Basins

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第3期12卷 533-548页

作者： Agnieszka RUTKOWSKA Silvia KOHNOVá kazimierz BANASIK Ján SZOLGAY Beata KARABOVá Department of Applied Mathematics University of AgricultureBalicka Department of Land and Water Resources Management Faculty of Civil EngineeringSlovak University of Technology Department of River Engineering Sedimentation LabWarsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW

The proper determination of the curve number （CN） in the SCS-CN method reduces errors in predicting runoff volume. In this paper the variability of CN was studied for 5 Slovak and S Polish Carpathian catchments. Empirical curve numbers were applied to the distribution fitting. Next, theoretical characteristics of CN were estimated. For loo-CN the Generalized Extreme Value （GEV） distribution was identified as the best fit in most of the catchments. An assessment of the differences between the characteristics estimated from theoretical distributions and the tabulated values of CN was performed. The comparison between the antecedent runoff conditions （ARC） of Hawkins and Hjelmfelt was also completed. The analysis was done for various magnitudes of rainfall. Confidence intervals （CI） were helpful in this evaluation. The studies revealed discordances between the tabulated and estimated CNs. The tabulated CNs were usually lower than estimated values; therefore, an application of the median value and the probabilistic ARC of Hjelmfelt for wet runoff conditions is advisable. For dry conditions the ARC of Hjelmfelt usually better estimated CN than ARC of Hawkins did, but in several catchments neither the ARC of Hawkins nor Hjelmfelt sufficiently depicted the variability in CN.

关键词： Curve number Theoretical distribution Antecedent runoff eonditions

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The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第6期18卷 1405-1423页

作者： Dariusz STRZYŻOWSKI Elżbieta GORCZYCA kazimierz KRZEMIEŃ Mirosław ŻELAZNY Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7Kraków 30-387Poland

Strong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second-to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km^(2) to 0.8 km^(2). Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small(total area <100 m^(2)) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar(t-test, p=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.

关键词： Fluvial processes Slope processes Windthrow Tree uprooting Channel morphology Tatra Mountains

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Diflubenzuron inhibits reproduction of different strains of Drosophila melanogaster

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Insect Science 2009年第4期16卷 305-309页

作者： Zbigniew Adamski Jerzy Bloszyk Jakub Musiat Marta Lysiak Lech Urbaniak kazimierz Ziemnicki Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscope Department of General Zoology Natural History Collection Department of Genetics Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan Poland

The effect of （1-（4-chlorophenyl）-3-（2,6-difluorobenzoyl）urea） insecticide - diflubenzuron - on wild type and white type fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster （Meigen, 1830） was studied. Adult insects were placed in vials with different concentrations of the insecticide in the nutrient （from 0.048 to 48 mg of diflubenzuron per 1 cm^3 of the nutrient）. In each case, the insects showed some mortality, which was concentrationdependant. When comparing both strains, we could observe different acute toxicities, with wild type being more resistant to diflubenzuron. However, subacute toxicity was similar within both strains. In both strains the prolonged exposure led to the extinction of the majority of the populations （〉 70%）. Although imagoes could freely copulate, we did not observe copulating fruit flies, and we did not find either eggs or larvae in any of the exposed groups. These results indicate that genetic mutation which leads to different eye colour can also affect resistance and survival of insects in pesticide-exposed areas.

关键词： diflubenzuron dimilin fruit flies pesticides reproduction toxicity

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The current pulses characteristics of the negative corona discharge in SF_(6)/CF_(4)mixtures

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第2期25卷 119-130页

作者：高青青王小华 kazimierz ADAMIAK 杨爱军刘定新纽春萍张嘉伟 School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western UniversityOntario N6A5B9Canada

This paper presents the results of numerical investigation of the current pulses characteristics in SF_(6)/CF_(4)mixtures for the negative point-plane corona *** pressure and the temperature of gas mixtures are 0.4 MPa and 300 K,*** CF_(4)content varies from20%to 80%.The 2D axisymmetric geometry with point-plane electrodes is investigated,and the three drift-diffusion equations are solved to predict the characteristics of the negative corona *** addition,Poisson’s equation is coupled with the above three continuity equations to calculate the electric *** order to calculate the electron impact coefficients,including the Townsend ionization and attachment coefficients,as well as the mobilities and diffusion coefficients for electrons,the two-term Boltzmann equation is *** characteristics of three ionic species at five stages of the first current pulse in 60%SF_(6)-40%CF_(4)and20%SF_(6)-80%CF_(4)mixtures are selected to discuss the development mechanism of current ***,the reduced electric field strengths at the corresponding time instants are presented to help understand the discharge *** current waveform and the total number of three species are compared in all the cases to analyze the effects of the CF_(4)content on the *** reduced electric field strength is also helpful in understanding the effects of CF_(4)*** the CF_(4)content increases to 80%,the discharge is more intensive and the pulse frequency also increases.

关键词： SF_(6)/CF_(4)mixtures negative corona discharge current pulses

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