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Effects of Zero Tillage and Residue Retention on Soil Quality in the Mediterranean Region of Northern Syria

Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第3期4卷 109-125页

作者： Rolf Sommer Colin Piggin David Feindel Muhammad Ansar Lona van Delden kayoko shimonaka Jihad Abdalla Osama Douba George Estefan Atef Haddad Rousheen Haj-Abdo Ali Hajdibo Pierre Hayek Yaseen Khalil Ahmed Khoder John Ryan International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Aleppo Syria nternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Aleppo Syria nternational Center for Tropical Agriculture CIAT Nairobi Kenya

Zero-tillage (ZT) and crop residue retention on the soil surface—two components of Conservation Agriculture (CA)—have been identified as promising management practices for sustainable agri- cultural intensification for some time. However, CA technology uptake by farmers in the dry areas of West Asia and North Africa (WANA) has yet to happen large-scale, even though the positive im- pact on yield has been demonstrated repeatedly. To explain the observed consistent increases in crop yield under ZT, a range of soil quality indicators were regularly monitored during 2008 to 2012 in the long-term ZT/CA trials at the headquarters of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in northern Syria. Results showed that CA had a positive im- pact on soil fertility. This was measurable by higher soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial bio- mass contents, increased levels of extractable phosphate, sometimes (but not always) higher amounts of larger water-stable soil aggregates, increased soil infiltration capacity and soil water retention. The buildup of SOM and associated carbon (C) sequestration was in the range of 0.29 Mg C/ha/yr, i.e. rather modest. High amounts of surface residues delayed the desiccation of the topsoil during the fallow period, but could not diminish the overall longer-term drying of the topsoil. The observed positive changes in soil quality were little, but nevertheless, in combination with the economic savings that ZT offers, this type of agricultural intensification provides an attractive op- tion for farmers in WANA, from the standpoints of economy and ecological efficiency.

关键词： Conservation Agriculture Soil Fertility Indicators Soil Water Evaporation Water Infiltration Water Stable Aggregates Soil Carbon Sequestration

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Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health Status in Japanese Adults

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International Journal of Oral Science 2010年第2期2卷 82-89页

作者： Masayuki Ueno Susumu Takeuchi Akiko Oshiro kayoko Shinada Satoko Ohara Yoko Kawaguchi Department of Oral Health Promotion Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Department of Comprehensive Oral Health Care Faculty of Dentistry Tokyo Medical and Dental University

Aim The objective of this study was to analyze the oral health among Japanese adults, with and without diabetes mellitus. Methodology The subjects were 518 community residents aged 20 to 91 years in Japan, who participated in the ＂Akita health and nutrition survey＂ and the ＂Akita dental disease survey＂, conducted in 2006. The surveys comprised a self-administered questionnaire, along with medical and dental examinations. Results Using the community periodontal index （CPI）, the mean numbers of sextants presenting codes 0, 1 and 2 were significantly lower in diabetics than non-diabetics among the 59 years or younger age group. Although the mean numbers of sextants with codes 0, 1 and 2 among the 60 to 69 years age group were lower, and sextants with a code X among the 59 years or younger age group were higher in diabetics than non-diabetics, no statistically significant differences were detected. The tendency of lower mean numbers of natural teeth and functional tooth units in diabetics than non-diabetics was observed, however no differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The outcome of periodontal disease seemed to be influenced by the diabetic state to some degree, but a clear association between diabetes and oral health status was not found.

关键词： diabetes mellitus periodontal disease community periodontal index functional tooth units

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GIS-Based Urbanization Prediction Model Considering Neighborhood Relationship of the Unit of the “Block” in the Outskirts of Metropolitan Area

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2014年第4期6卷 330-344页

作者： kayoko Yamamoto Graduate School of Information Systems University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan

On the outskirts of the metropolitan areas in Japan, the rapid development of urban areas and the improvement in transportation networks have brought various land use problems in their wake, including urban diffusion and the phenomenon of urban sprawl. There is a strong need for accurate predictions of land-use change and future urbanization, as well as investigation of the appropriateness of present land use controls and the land use controls that will be required in the future. This study took as its object the outskirts of the Keihanshin (Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe) Metropolitan Area, the second largest conurbation in Japan after the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and used the digital maps and spatial analysis offered by GIS. It aimed to: 1) describe the characteristics of land use controls, land use and urbanization;2) develop an urbanization prediction model that considers the neighboring relationship of neighboring areas on a 100 m mesh unit;3) apply this model to the study area and verify its validity regarding the conditions of present land use;4) compare urbanization prediction results by this model with the present land use controls;and 5) make predictions for future urbanization and propose remedial measures for future land use controls.

关键词： Urbanization Prediction Model Neighborhood Relationship Urban Diffusion Urban Sprawl Land Use Controls

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Proposals for Disaster Countermeasures Based on the Experiences and Lessons Gained through the Kumamoto Earthquake in ,Japan

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2017年第2期6卷 84-100页

作者： kayoko Yamamoto Graduate School of lnformatics and Engineering National University of Electro-Communications Tokyo 182-8585 Japan

This paper aimed to make proposals for disaster prevention and reduction measures based on the experiences and lessons gained through the Kumamoto earthquake. This paper firstly introduced disaster countermeasures of affected local governments within Kumamoto Prefecture. Next, by narrowing the focus on measures concerning the intangible side of things, this paper discussed three points including （1） issues concerning the assumption of disaster countermeasures; （2） issues concerning the BCP （Business Continuity Plan） of both government and private corporations, the DCP （District Continuity Plan） concerning local communities, the CCP （Community Continuity Plan） concerning local communities, and （3） issues conceming disaster countermeasures besides the two issues mentioned above. Based on the discussion results, it was pointed out that the disaster countermeasures assuming complex continuous disasters should be considered.

关键词： BCP (Business Continuity Plan) DCP (District Continuity Plan) CCP (Community Continuity Plan) advancereconstruction complex continuous disasters.

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Volunteer Activities in Time of Disaster in Japan＇s Highly Information-Oriented Society

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2013年第3期3卷 190-202页

作者： kayoko Yamamoto Graduate School of Information Systems National University of Electro-Communications Tokyo 182-8585 Japan

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of volunteer activities in times of disaster, while taking into account the influence of the orientation towards information intensity, which is an important feature of contemporary Japanese society, and focusing on the volunteer activities for recovery and reconstruction in the disaster-stricken areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake. In modern Japanese society, because volunteer activities are being conducted in a variety of forms, those who wish to volunteer can participate in volunteer activities that suit their own situation. Further, in a highly information-oriented society such as modern Japan, many kinds of information systems can be used to conduct a variety of volunteer activities. Also, know-how concerning the introduction and methods of volunteer activity and recruitment for participants in volunteer activities are introduced using various information media, and there are many volunteer activities to choose from. Therefore, it is possible that through the diversification of volunteer activities, many people become involved in volunteer activities on a long-term basis, using ways of doing so that are possible for themselves.

关键词： Volunteer activity disaster highly information-oriented society information systems GIS (geographic information systems) Great East Japan Earthquake.

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Navigation System for Foreign Tourists in Japan

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2017年第10期6卷 521-541页

作者： kayoko Yamamoto Graduate School of lnformation Systems National University of Electro-Communications Tokyo 182-8585 Japan

The present study aimed to design, develop, operate and evaluate a sightseeing navigation system in order to support foreign tourists＇ efficient acquisition of sightseeing spot information in Japanese urban tourist areas, about which a variety of information is transmitted, by enabling information to be accumulated, shared and recommended. The system was developed by integrating Web-GIS （Geographic Information Systems）, SNS （Social Networking Services） as well as the recommendation system into a single system. The system used the non-language information such as signs, marks and pictograms in addition to English information, and displayed sightseeing spot information and conduct navigation on 2D and 3D digital maps of the Web-GIS. Additionally, the system was operated for two weeks in the central part of Yokohama city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, and the total number of users was 54. Based on the results of the web questionnaire survey, all of the specific functions are highly evaluated, and the usefulness of the system when sightseeing was excellent. From the results of the access analysis of users＇ log data, it is evident that it can be said that the system was mainly used before sightseeing and users confirm their favorite sightseeing spots and made their tour planning in advance, using 2D and 3D digital maps.

关键词： Sightseeing navigation system Web-GIS (Geographic Information Systems) SNS (Social Networking Service) recommendation system non-language information foreign tourists.

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GIS as an Information Infrastructure for Recovery and Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2012年第8期2卷 461-471页

作者： kayoko Yamamoto Graduate School of Information Systems National University of Electro-Communications Tokyo 182-8585 Japan

This study considers the regional characteristics of the Tohoku region and the extent of the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and makes proposals for recovery and reconstruction of the areas affected by this disaster as well as for a reduction of the impact of natural disasters that may occur in the future with GIS （geographic information systems） as a social infrastructure positioned at the heart of the information infrastructure. Due to the fact that social media that used ICT （information and communication technology） was useful in the days directly after the disaster, it can be said that it is necessary to investigate the provision of an information infrastructure that uses ICT to reduce the impact of disasters. Therefore, this study proposes the construction of a geographical information database using GIS and the provision and sharing of information using social media GIS after discussion of the relationship between the development of the computerization of Japan and GIS as a valid example of using information systems for recovery and reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

关键词： GIS (Geographic Information Systems) information infrastructure ICT (information and communication technology) recovery and reconstruction Great East Japan Earthquake.

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Experiences of Psychiatric Day-Care Patients during the Introductory Period in Japan

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2020年第3期8卷 29-41页

作者： Tomoko Chijiiwa kayoko Ishimura School of Nursing Ichinomiya Kenshin College Aichi Japan

Psychiatric day care plays an important role as transitional support after discharge in Japan. However, interruption rate of the day care treatment is high during the introductory period. The purpose of this study was to clarify the experiences of psychiatric day-care patients during the introductory period and find an approach to care. A qualitative study with thirteen patients at the introductory period was designed to explore participant’s experiences through semi-structured interviews. At first, patients were confused about their attitude because they paid attention to themselves, and consequently closed their involvement with others. However, through therapeutic day care activities, they attempted to adapt themselves and gradually turned their attention toward others and accumulated interpersonal experiences. As interactions with others became more frequent, they became conscious of themselves and others. Finally, while having worries about the future, they looked toward recovery and became aware that they were changing. Experiences of patients during the introductory period were essential to their recovery and gave meaning to their day care usage. Nurses should collaborate with patients to determine whether day care would serve to open a patient’s life to new possibilities.

关键词： Psychiatric Day Care Experiences of Patients Introductory Period Qualitative Descriptive Analysis Japan

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Search Methods for Evacuation Routes during Torrential Rain Disasters Using Genetic Algorithms and GIS

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2020年第3期12卷 256-274页

作者： Koichiro Tani kayoko Yamamoto Department of Informatics and Engineering University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan

The present study aims to propose a method to search for the most appropriate evacuation routes that take calorie consumption required for evacuees to reach evacuation sites into consideration, by focusing on disasters caused by heavy rainfall, and using genetic algorithm (GA) and geographic information system (GIS). Specifically, GA was used to design and develop an evacuation route search algorithm and 4 parameters including the number of generations, mutation rate number of individuals and crossover rate were set by conducting sensitivity analyses. Additionally, GIS was also used to create road network data and contour data for digital maps and calculate the altitude of each crossover point. Based on these, the necessary calorie consumption to reach evacuation sites for each route was calculated, and that made it possible to derive the several evacuation routes with the small values unlike other methods. By using GA and GIS to suggest detailed evacuation routes, which take the necessary calories required to reach evacuation sites into consideration, it can be expected that the present study should contribute to the decision-making of evacuees. Additionally, as the method is based on public information, the method has high spatial and temporal repeatability. Because evacuation routes are proposed based on quantified data, the selected evacuation routes are quantitatively evaluated, and are an effective indicator for deciding on an evacuation route. Additionally, evacuation routes that accurately reflect current conditions can be derived by utilizing detailed information as data.

关键词： Torrential Rain Disasters Evacuation Route Evacuation Site Calorie Consumption Genetic Algorism (GA) Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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On-Foot Content Tourism Support System in Urban Tourist Destinations of Japan

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 546-569页

作者： Nobuaki Nagano kayoko Yamamoto Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan

It has also become possible for people to easily acquire tourism information that matches their own particular tastes using the internet, so tourism has taken a more diverse range of forms. One of these is “content tourism” that became popular in recent Japan. Sgains such a backdrop, the present study aimed to design, develop, operate and evaluate a system that integrated three subsidiary systems including Web-geographic information systems (GIS), a tourism information system and social networking service (SNS) in order to support walking-based content tourism. This made it possible to create sightseeing routes and to submit, store, and view tourist attraction information. Additionally, the system was operated for one month in Chofu City, Tokyo Metropolis, and the total number of users was 42. During the operation period, 12 new sightseeing routes were created and 30 new tourist attractions were submitted. Based on the results of the web questionnaire survey, users highly evaluated the key functions of the system and the overall system. However, of those key functions, evaluations were somewhat low for the ease of operation of the creation function of sightseeing route, so the improvements must be made. From the results of the access log analysis of users’ log data, the total number of sessions in this system was 134, 64% used PCs, 36% used mobile devices, Therefore, the approach of designing the system such that the same functions could be used regardless of the type of device one is using was an effective design approach.

关键词： Ccontent Tourism Support System Web-Geographic Information Systems (Web-GIS) Tourism Information System Social Networking Service (SNS) On-Foot

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