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The mechanisms of color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of New World vultures

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： Nicholas m.Justyn matthew J.Powers Geoffrey E.Hill kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez Scott A.Rush Department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA College of Veterinary medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA Department of Wildlife Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A determination of how the color of animal integument is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of *** mechanisms that give rise to the color of bare skin of New World vultures are largely ***,we investigate the source of color production in the bare skin of Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy,we found evidence that hemoglobin is the primary pigment responsible for the red coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Turkey Vultures,and that eumelanin is responsible for the black coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Black *** microscopy of incisional skin samples further supported these mechanisms of color production by revealing the presence of numerous blood vessels near the surface of the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of melanosomes in the skin of Black *** high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of both species with significantly higher total concentrations of carotenoids in the skin of Turkey Vultures compared to the skin of Black *** carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accumulated in integument and were present in low *** hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of the skin,but rather help to compensate for the lack of melanosomes found in Turkey Vulture *** presence of additional carotenoids may act as an antioxidant to minimize UV damage when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time when soaring and scavenging for food.

关键词： Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus Hemoglobin High performance liquid chromatography melanosomes Skin biopsies

Predicting disruptions to drug pharmacokinetics and the risk of adverse drug reactions in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Solène marie kayla L.Frost Raymond K.Hau Lucy martinez-Guerrero Jailyn m.Izu Cassandra m.myers Stephen H.Wright Nathan J.Cherrington College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology&ToxicologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA College of medicine Department of PhysiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

The liver plays a central role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs through drug metabolizing enzymes and ***-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)causes disease-specific alterations to the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADmE)processes,including a decrease in protein expression of basolateral uptake transporters,an increase in efflux transporters,and modifications to enzyme *** can result in increased drug exposure and adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Our goal was to predict drugs that pose increased risks for ADRs in NASH *** research identified 71 drugs with reported ADRs in patients with liver disease,mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),54 of which are known substrates of transporters and/or metabolizing *** NASH is the progressive form of NAFLD but is most frequently undiagnosed,we identified other drugs at risk based on NASH-specific alterations to ADmE ***,we present another list of 71 drugs at risk of pharmacokinetic disruption in NASH,based on their transport and/or metabolism *** encompasses drugs from various pharmacological classes for which ADRs may occur when used in NASH patients,especially when eliminated through multiple pathways altered by the ***,these results may inform clinicians regarding the selection of drugs for use in NASH patients.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatic elimination Transporter Enzyme Pharmacokinetics Drug-drug interaction Liver Adverse drug reaction

Asymmetrical mate preference in recently adapted White Sands and black lava populations of Sceloporus undulatus

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 20-30页

作者： kayla m. HARDWICK Jeanne m. ROBERTSON Erica Bree ROSENBLUm Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 USA Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Speciation can proceed rapidly when natural and sexual selection act in concert. For example speciation can be accelerated when traits that confer a selective advantage in a particular habitat also influence mate preference. Studying parallel but evolutionarily independent instances of ecological divergence can illuminate the interaction between natural and sexual selection during speciation. Locally adapted populations of the eastern fence lizardSceloporus undulatushave recently evolved in three different habitats in the Chihuahuan desert: blanched color morphs occur on the gypsum dunes of White Sands, melanic color morphs occur on the Carrizozo lava flow, and brown color morphs occur in the surrounding desert scrubland. In addition to differences in cryptic dorsal coloration, populations also differ in the size and color of ventral patches used for social signaling. This system therefore provides an opportunity to investigate the interplay of natural and sexual selection during rapid ecological speci-ation. We used mate preference experiments to determine whether locally adapted populations may exhibit the early stages of behavioral reproductive isolation. We observed an asymmetrical mate preference in this system; White Sands males preferentially courted local females, while males from dark soils and black lava populations did not exhibit a preference for local mates. We also found that female behavior and ventral patch phenotype were associated with male courtship. Our results suggest that the observed preference for local mates evolved at White Sands, and we discuss the possible link between local adaptation and traits involved in mate preference in this system.

关键词：黑色素熔岩流非对称偏好人口白沙波状交配

Perfusability and immunogenicity of implantable pre-vascularized tissues recapitulating features of native capillary network

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Bioactive materials 2023年第12期30卷 184-199页

作者： Dhavan Sharma Archita Sharma Linghao Hu Te-An Chen Sarah Voon kayla J.Bayless Jeremy Goldman Alex J.Walsh Feng Zhao Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States School of medicine Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUnited States Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUnited States

Vascularization is a key pre-requisite to engineered anatomical scale three dimensional(3-D)constructs to ensure their nutrient and oxygen supply upon ***,engineered pre-vascularized 3-D tissues are limited to only micro-scale hydrogels,which meet neither the anatomical scale needs nor the complexity of natural extracellular matrix(ECm)*** scale perfusable constructs are critically needed for translational *** overcome this challenge,we previously developed pre-vascularized ECm sheets with long and oriented dense microvascular *** present study further evaluated the patency,perfusability and innate immune response toward these pre-vascularized ***-co-cultured prevascularized constructs were evaluated in vitro to confirm micro-vessel patency and perturbations in macrophage *** implanted pre-vascularized constructs remained viable and formed a functional anastomosis with host vasculature within 3 days of *** completely biological pre-vascularized construct holds great potential as a building block to engineer perfusable anatomical scale tissues.

关键词： Pre-vascularization micro-vasculature mesenchymal stem cells Extracellular matrix Fluorescence lifetime imaging

Synthesis of a-SnWO_4 thin-film electrodes by hydrothermal conversion from crystalline WO_3

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 474-478页

作者： kayla J.Pyper Taylor C.Evans Bart m.Bartlett Department of Chemistry University of michigan

Thin film electrodes of the orthorhombic form of tin tungstate （α-SnWO4） were prepared using a hydrothermal method to convert thin films of WO3 in aqueous SnCI2. The pH dependence of the growth mechanism was identified by scanning electron microscopy （SEm） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The XRD patterns show complete conversion of WO3（s） to SnWO4（s） at pH 1, 4, and 7. SEm images reveal a morphology change from sponge-like platelets to sharp nanowires as the pH increases from 1 to 7. The α-SnWO4 thin films were reddish brown in color, and display an indirect band gap of 1.9 eV by diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy. α-SnWO4 is therefore solar-responsive, and a chopped light linear sweep voltammogram recorded under 100 mW/cm2 Am1.5 simulated solar illumination in a pH 5 0.1 mol/L KPi buffer show a visible light response for photoelectrochemical water oxidation, producing 32 μA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE.

关键词： Alpha tin tungstateHydrothermal conversionmicrostructureHydrothermal method

ULTRASHORT PULSE mULTISPECTRAL NON-LINEAR OPTICAL mICROSCOPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第1期2卷 27-35页

作者： ADAm m.LARSON ANTHONY LEE PO-FENG LEE kayla J.BAYLESS ALVIN T.YEH Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&m University College Station TexasUSA Department of molecular and Cellular medicine Texas A&m Health Science Center College Station TexasUSA

Ultrashort pulse,multispectral non-linear optical microscopy(NLOm)is developed and used to image,simultaneously,a mixed population of cells expressing different fluorescent protein mutants in a 3D tissue model of ***,sub-10-fs pulses are used to excite multiple fluorescent proteins and generate second harmonic in collagen.A 16-channel multispectral detector is used to delineate the multiple non-linear optical signals,pixel by pixel,in *** ability to image multiple fluorescent protein mutants and collagen,enables serial measurements of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in our 3D tissue model and characterization of fundamental processes in angiogenic morphogenesis.

关键词： Two-photon excited fluorescence second harmonic generation multiple molecular imaging angiogenesis

Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 989-1013页

作者： Alexander Young Nicolas Flament kayla maloney Simon Williams Kara matthews Sabin Zahirovic R.Dietmar müller School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Wollongong EarthByte Group School of Geosciences The University of Sydney Sydney Informatics Hub The University of Sydney

Detailed global plate motion models that provide a continuous description of plate boundaries through time are an effective tool for exploring processes both at and below the Earth's surface. A new generation of numerical models of mantle dynamics pre-and post-Pangea timeframes requires global kinematic descriptions with full plate reconstructions extending into the Paleozoic(410 ma). Current plate models that cover Paleozoic times are characterised by large plate speeds and trench migration rates because they assume that lowermost mantle structures are rigid and fixed through time. When used as a surface boundary constraint in geodynamic models, these plate reconstructions do not accurately reproduce the present-day structure of the lowermost mantle. Building upon previous work, we present a global plate motion model with continuously closing plate boundaries ranging from the early Devonian at 410 ma to present *** analyse the model in terms of surface kinematics and predicted lower mantle structure. The magnitude of global plate speeds has been greatly reduced in our reconstruction by modifying the evolution of the synthetic Panthalassa oceanic plates, implementing a Paleozoic reference frame independent of any geodynamic assumptions, and implementing revised models for the Paleozoic evolution of North and South China and the closure of the Rheic Ocean. Paleozoic(410-250 ma) RmS plate speeds are on average ～8 cm/yr, which is comparable to mesozoic-Cenozoic rates of ～6 cm/yr on *** global median values of trench migration trend from higher speeds(～2.5 cm/yr) in the late Devonian to rates closer to 0 cm/yr at the end of the Permian(～250 ma), and during the mesozoic-Cenozoic(250-0 ma) generally cluster tightly around ～1.1 cm/yr. Plate motions are best constrained over the past 130 myr and calculations of global trench convergence rates over this period indicate median rates range between 3.2 cm/yr and 12.4 cm/yr with a present day median rate estimat

关键词： Tectonic reconstruction Paleozoic Plate velocities Subduction zone kinematics Lower mantle structure South China

Suppression of monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation by inhibiting TGF-β-activated kinase 1-dependent signaling:role of the ubiquitin proteasome system

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 162-170页

作者： Anil K.Singh mahamudul Haque kayla O'Sullivan mukesh Chourasia madhu m.Ouseph Salahuddin Ahmed Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University College of PharmacySpokaneWAUSA Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Amity Institute of BiotechnologyAmity UniversityNoidaUttar PradeshIndia Department of Pathology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA Division of Rheumatology University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA

monosodium urate(mSU)crystals activate inflammatory pathways that overlap with interleukin-1β(IL-1β)***,the post-translational mechanisms involved and the role of signaling proteins in this activation are *** the present study,we investigated the intracellular signaling mechanisms involved in mSU-induced activation of THP-1 macrophages and human nondiseased synovial fibroblasts(NLSFs)and the in vivo efficacy of an inhibitor of tumor grovArth factor-β(TGF-β)-activated kinase 1(TAK1),5Z-7-oxozeaenoI,in mSU-induced paw inflammation in C57BL76 ***-1 macrophage activation with mSU crystals(25-200 ng/ml)resulted in the rapid and sustained phosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-activated kinase 1(IRAK1 Thr^(209))and TAK1(Thr^(184/187))and their association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase *** the cellular level,mSU inhibited the deubiquitinases A20 and UCHL2 and increased 20s proteasomal activity,leading to a global decrease in K^(63)-linked ubiquitination and increase in K^(48)-linked ubiquitination in THP-1 *** mSU did not stimulate cytokine produaion in NLSFs,it significantly amplified IL-1β-induced IL-6,IL-8,and ENA-78/CXCL5 *** studies and mD simulations followed by TAK1 in vitro kinase assays revealed that uric acid molecules are capable of arresting TAK1 in an active-state conformation,resulting in sustained TAK1 kinase ***,mSU-induced proinflammatory cytokine production was completely inhibited by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol but not IRAK1/4 or TRAF6 *** of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol(5 or 15 mg/kg;orally)significantly inhibited mSU-induced paw inflammation in C57BL/6 *** study identifies a novel post-translational mechanism of TAK1 activation by mSU and suggests the therapeutic potential of TAK1 in regulating mSU-induced Inflammation.

关键词： monosodium urate crystals Gout TAK1 Ubiquitination 5Z-7-oxozeaenol

Linking tree growth rate, damage repair, and susceptibility to a genus-specific pest infestation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1935-1941页

作者： kayla N.Boyes Kathryn G.Hietala-Henschell Alexander P.Barton Andrew J.Storer Jordan m.marshall Department of Biology Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA

Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that *** ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North America from *** all species of ash are susceptible to attack,some individual trees appear to survive *** selected ash trees in southeastern michigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to emerald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and intermediate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and measured wound closure after 3 *** width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance *** slopes comparing growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest *** closure was greatest in high tolerance *** tolerance trees demonstrating more rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)*** vigorously growing trees likely had more capacity to repair damage caused by emerald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our *** previous host growth patterns to health may have implications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.

关键词： Agrilus Ash Dendrochronology Emerald ash borer Fraxinus Invasive species