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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第3期10卷 181-191页

作者： kayaba haro Issoufou OUARMA Bernard NANA Antoine BERE Guy Christian TUBREOUMYA Sie Zacharie KAM Patricia LAVILLE Benjamin LOUBET Jean KOULIDIATI Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de I'Environnement Universite Joseph Kl-ZERBOOuagadougou03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso INRA AgroParisTech VMR ECOSYSThiverval-GrignonF-78850France Institut des Sciences Ouagadougou01 BP 1757 Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (C02) surface emissions from Polesgo's landfill (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) were measured using the static chamber technique in 2017 and 2018. The Polesgo's landfill was composed of four zones: Phase I, II, Phase III, and SP. The surface of Phase I was fully covered and its conditions are better for surface emission measurements. As results concerning the Phase I zone, the geospatial means flux rates of CH4 (657 mg m-2 h l in 2017 and 1210 mg m 2 h_, in 2018, respectively) are measured higher than the tolerable value reported in literature. The emitted CH4 or C 02 have permitted to locate higher surface emissions which are related to the cover state. The calculated gas collection efficiency (27.4% in 2017 and 23.0% in 2018) is low compared to those reported for landfills integrating landfill gas (LFG) extraction system. The carbon footprint calculations (24,966 tC02-eq 2017 and 40,025 tC02-eq in 2018, respectively) shown that Polesgo's landfill is a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and its important potential for organic recovery can contribute to reduce the carbon footprint.

关键词： Municipal solid waste landfilling CH4 C 02 Collection efficiency Static chamber method Carbon footprint

Characterization and Potential Recovery of Household Solid Waste in the City of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第4期9卷 309-324页

作者： kayaba haro Issoufou Ouarma Bernard Nana Antoine Bere Jean Koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study on physical and physicochemical characteristics of household solid waste (HSW) in the city of Ouagadougou by using MODECOM, “Method of Characterization of Household waste” was done fifteen (15) years after the first study. Special attention has been paid to waste sampled and also to estimate energy content, namely the higher heating value (HHV) and the lower heating value (LHV). As a general tendency, the results showed a sensitive evolution in the physical parameters of waste (composition by size and composition by category) and also in the physicochemical parameters (moisture content and energy content). The results of HSW composition study showed that regardless the seasons, fermentable fraction is dominant (39% in the rainy season and 20% in the dry season) followed by plastics (18% in the rainy season and 20% in the dry season). The moisture content is measured to be 56.69% and 37.69% respectively in the rainy season and dry season. The results analysis of the potential of recovery showed that the organic recovery is more important (60% in the rainy season and 55% in the dry season) than the matter recovery (43% in the rainy season and 46% in the dry season). These results highlight the need for organic recovery and matter recovery of HSW in the city of Ouagadougou. The results from the analysis of the energy content showed that the HHV is estimated to be 17.94 MJ/kg in the rainy season and 17.96 MJ/kg in the dry season. The LHV is calculated to be 6.38 MJ/kg in the rainy season and 10.27 MJ/kg in the dry season. These results suggest that incineration as treatment of HSW in the city of Ouagadougou is not economically an appropriate option.

关键词： Waste Characterization Waste Recovery MODECOM Energy Content Calorific Value Ouagadougou

Assessment of Pollution Levels of Suspended Particulate Matter on an Hourly and a Daily Time Scale in West African Cities: Case Study of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第11期8卷 119-138页

作者： Issoufou Ouarma Bernard Nana kayaba haro Antoine Béré Jean Koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In Western countries, research works on air quality have reinforced in recent years because of the links between the level of particulate pollution in numerous cities and the appearing of various health disorders including cardio-respiratory pathologies, acute bronchopneumonia, lung cancer, etc. In sub-Saharan Africa countries, particularly Burkina Faso, there is very few similar research. In the present work, the pollution levels of airborne particle in the city of Ouagadougou have been assessed through two campaigns of in situ measurements of suspended particulate matter concentrations. These measurements which have concerned PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were performed using a portable device (AEROCET531S) at nine sites in 2018 and at ten sites in 2019. These sites are located on roadside, administrative services, secondary education establishments and outlying districts. The results show that: 1) the PM1 concentrations values presented no significant variation between days, seasons or sampling sites;2) the 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations often exceeding WHO recommended concentrations and, 3) the 24-hour PM10 concentrations exceed WHO recommended concentrations regardless of the season or the sampling site. In indeed, the average 24-hour concentrations are 20 ± 4, 87 ± 16 and 951 ± 266 μg·m−3 for the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. They are 17 ± 3, 29 ± 5 and 158 ± 43 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2018 dry season and, 12 ± 1, 22 ± 9 and 187 ± 67 μg·m−3, respectively, in 2019 rainy season.

关键词： Urban Air Pollution PM1 PM2.5 PM10 AEROCET Ouagadougou

Study Optimization of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System from an Individual in Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1796-1808页

作者： Abdoulaye Compaore Boukaré Ouedraogo kayaba haro Rimnogdo Wilfried Ouedraogo Yassia Belem Oumar Sanogo Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Norbert ZONGO University Koudougou Burkina Faso University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This work is a contribution to the study of hybrid systems for converting solar and wind energy into electricity in Burkina Faso. The approach consists of evaluating and analyzing the production of a wind turbine and a solar field in order to optimize the production of all the technologies. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the operating performance of the installation and to show the complementarity between the two energy sources with regard to temporary and seasonal variations in resources. During nighttime periods or periods of low sunlight, the wind turbine is a good alternative to energy storage by batteries, the output of the wind turbine can be up to 853.76 W. It was also a question of proposing solutions for optimizing the hybrid system through the automation of the hybrid charge regulator. A minimum height of 30 m above the ground has been chosen as the optimum height for the wind turbine.

关键词： Global Solar Flux Hybrid System Energy Conversion PV-Wind Turbine Automation

Experimental Study and Modeling of a Convective Dryer for Fruits and Vegetables

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第1期15卷 13-23页

作者： Souleymane Sinon Salifou Tera kayaba haro El-Maktoume Djanfar Oumar Sanogo Sié Kam Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Systèmes d’énergie Renouvelable et Environnement (LASERE) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Modélisation Pluridisciplinaire et Simulations (LAMPS) Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France Laboratoire énergétique de l’équipe d’Accueil Doctoral physique du Globe de l’Energie et de l’Environnement (PGEE) Université d’Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar

The present work deals with the study of the thermal performances of a convective dryer for fruits and vegetables. This dryer, operating with energy generated from the combustion of biomass in a boiler connected to a water/air heat exchanger could be a solution to the problematic of energy related to drying. An experimental and theoretical study is carried out on the temperature profile inside the dryer. For this purpose, 10.3 kg of tomatoes were dried on the experimental setup. The operation lasted about 16 hours and reduced the moisture content from 93.8% to 12% in wet basis. The overall thermal efficiency of the convective dryer during the trial is 10.76%. For the theoretical study, the dryer components (boiler, water/air exchanger and drying chamber) are first modeled individually;the different sub-programs are then coupled to form the convective dryer program. The method of global heat balances combined with the one called “ε-NUT” is used. The set of equations is discretized using the implicit method of finite differences, then solved with the Gauss algorithm in Fortran 90. The theoretical results obtained are in good agreement with those measured.

关键词： Energy Drying Biomass Boilers Fruits and Vegetables

Hygrothermal Study of a House Made of Local Biosourced Materials Based on Clay: Experimental Study

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 60-75页

作者： Sayouba Sandwidi Abdoulaye Compaore kayaba haro Téré Dabilgou Souleymane Sinon Oumar Sanogo Jean Koulidiati Antoine Bere Laboratoire de physique et de chimie de l’environnement (LPCE) Doctoral School of Science and Technology (ED/ST) University Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniaré Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Formation and Research Unit in Exact and Applied Sciences (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire d’Energie Thermique et Renouvelable (LETRE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The purpose of this study is to experimentally analyze the thermal behavior of the walls of a prototype experimental house. A Datalogger and thermocouples were used on the experimental house to determine the temperatures of the exterior and interior walls. Also, “MSR” type HygroPuce was used to determine the exterior and interior temperatures and relative humidity of the habitat. The results show that a wall made of bio-based materials with a mixture of “earth + Hibiscus cannabinus L. fibers” allows reducing the fluctuations of the interior temperatures. We observe the peaks of temperatures on the external walls at 11:00 am and for the interior walls, the peaks are observed at 5:00 pm. The maximum thermal phase shift between the peaks of the external and internal temperatures is about 7.5 hours, and the maximum damping factor is 0.9. Also, we note that the thermal performance of the material used in the design of the envelope of the house is determined by the improvement of the response of the envelope in front of the external thermal solicitations.

关键词： Thermal Dephasing Damping Factor Thermal Comfort Bioclimatic House

Estimation of Landfill Gas and Its Renewable Energy Potential from the Polesgo Controlled Landfill Using First-Order Decay (FOD) Models

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第10期15卷 975-993页

作者： haro kayaba Ouarma Issoufou Dabilgou Téré Compaore Abdoulaye Sanogo Oumar Bere Antoine Koulidiati Jean Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies Laboratoire des Systmes dEnergies Renouvelable et Environnement-Gnie Mcanique et Industriel (CNRST/IRSAT/LASERE-GMI) Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de LEnvironnement Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Banfora Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Le Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniar Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Le Burkina Faso

Methane generation in landfills and its inadequate management represent the major avoidable source of anthropogenic methane today. This paper models methane production and the potential resources expected (electrical energy production and potential carbon credits from avoided CH4 emissions) from its proper management in a municipal solid waste landfill located in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The modeling was carried out using two first-order decay (FOD) models (LandGEM V3.02 and SWANA) using parameters evaluated on the basis of the characteristics of the waste admitted to the landfill and weather data for the site. At the same time, production data have been collected since 2016 in order to compare them with the model results. The results obtained from these models were compared to experimental one. For the simulation of methane production, the SWANA model showed better consistency with experimental data, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.59 compared with the LandGEM model, which obtained a coefficient of 0.006. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM model. Thus, despite the low correlation values linked to the poor consistency of the experimental data, the SWANA model models methane production much better than the LandGEM V3.02 model. It was noted that the poor consistency of the experimental data justifies these low coefficients, and that they can be improved in the future thanks to ongoing in situ measurements. According to the SWANA model prediction, in 27 years of operation a biogas plant with 33% electrical efficiency using biogas from the Polesgo landfill would avoid 1,340 GgCO2e. Also, the evaluation of revenues due to electricity and carbon credit gave a total revenue derived from methane production of US$27.38 million at a cost of US$10.5/tonne CO2e.

关键词： First-Order Decay Methane Modeling Landfill Renewable Energy

Impact of Improved Cookstoves on the Level of Household Exposure to CO and PM_2.5 in Sub-Saharan Cities: The Case of the City of Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第2期12卷 50-66页

作者： Lucmane Koala kayaba haro Ousmane Coulibaly Bernard Nana Issoufou Ouarma Edwige Ouedraogo Tizane Daho Oumar Sanogo Antoine Béré Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologie (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Air pollution is one of the major global threats to human health. In Burkina Faso, more than 80% of the population uses solid fuels as the main source of cooking energy. This paper reports a comparative study on the exposure of household to the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by improved cookstoves (ICS) or traditional cookstoves (TCS). A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Ouagadougou for 4 months during the rainy season (July to October) in households with an outdoor kitchen. The investigation involved 92 households where air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO were measured with Indoor Air Pollution Meters (IAP meter). These measurements were focused on the concentration levels of the pollutants during cooking. The results of this study show high levels of PM2.5 and CO for all type of stoves. Wood stoves led to higher PM2.5 and lower CO emissions than charcoal stoves. ICS reduce emissions of indoor air pollutants compared to TCS. This reduction raised up to 82% for PM2.5 and 37% for CO. The analysis of the data measured with the student test (t-test) shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the average values of the concentrations of the pollutants emitted with the TCS compared to ICS, except for CO emissions measured on multi-pot sizes cookstoves (MM). This study shows that the concentrations of indoor air pollutants are very high regardless of the type of cookstoves used. The CO exposure obtained varies from 119.10 to 362.72 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 10.83 - 55.11 μg/m3 for 1-hour exposure. The exposure in PM2.5 varies from 4762 to 16,257 μg/m3 for 15-minute and 106.63 to 1597 μg/m3 for 1-hour of exposure. It was noted that the CO exposure levels obtained over 15-minute of exposure are 1.36 to 4.15 times higher than the WHO recommendation and 1.8 times higher for an exposure time of one hou

关键词： Biomass Cookstove Particulate Matters Carbon Monoxide

Evaporation and Combustion of a Drop of Liquid Fuel—A Review

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2022年第2期13卷 28-54页

作者： Dabilgou Téré Tubreoumya Guy Christian haro kayaba Bagre Boubou Sandwidi Sayouba Daho Tizane Koulidiati Jean Sanogo Oumar Zeghmati Belkacem Bere Antoine Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physiques (LAMPS) Université de Perpignan via Domitia Perpignan France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The accelerated depletion of oil reserves and the often exorbitant cost of fossil fuels contribute to the development of fuels from renewable sources. The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the properties of renewable fuels on their evaporation in natural convection, their combustion and their use in internal combustion engines. A summary of the various numerical and experimental works from the literature has been presented in this work. This work focuses on the numerical modelling of the natural convection evaporation of an isolated drop of a liquid fuel in natural convection. The transfers in the liquid and vapour phases are described by the conservation equations of mass and species, momentum and energy. The main feature of this work is the consideration of advection, azimuthal angle and thickness of the vapour phase of the drop during evaporation of the drop.

关键词： Drop Evaporation Combustion Convection Modelling Temperature

Contribution to the Modeling of a Solar Adsorption Refrigerator under the Climatic Conditions of Burkina Faso

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Energy and Power Engineering 2017年第2期9卷 119-135页

作者： Guy Christian Tubreoumya Alfa Oumar Dissa Eloi Salmwendé Tiendrebeogo Xavier Chesneau Aboubacar Compaoré kayaba haro Charles Didace Konseibo Belkacem Zeghmati Jean Koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (L.P.C.E) Universit&eacute Ouaga I Ouagadougou Burkina Faso LAboratoire de Mathé matiqueset PhySique (LA.M.P.S) Universit&eacute de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD) Perpignan France Centre Ecologique Albert Schweitzer (CEAS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This work concerns a dynamic modeling and a numerical simulation of the operation of an adsorption solar refrigeration system using the zeolite-water couple. For this, a mathematical model representing the evolution of heat and mass transfer at each component of the solar adsorption refrigerator has been developed. We have adopted the Dubinin-Astakhov model for the adsorption kinetics of the zeolite/water pair. This model allows to describe the phenomenon of adsorption and to calculate the rate of adsorbate (water) in the zeolite (adsorbent) as a function of the temperature and the pressure. The equations governing the operation of the solar adsorption refrigerator, deduced from the thermal and mass balances established at the collector adsorber, condenser and evaporator components, were solved by an implicit finite difference scheme and Gauss Seidel’s iterative method. We have validated the model established by applying it to the model of Allouhi et al. 2014. We analyzed the influence of the adsorbate/adsorbent couples, the solar flux, the ambient temperature on the adsorption and desorption process. The temperature profiles obtained representing the temperature evolution of the glass, the absorbent plate, the zeolite-water mixture, the condenser, the evaporator, as well as the pressure and the adsorbed mass allowed us to evaluate the performance of the solar adsorption refrigerator. SCOP is higher the higher the solar flux captured by the collector-adsorber.

关键词： Solar Refrigeration Simulation Adsorption Zeolite/Water Burkina Faso