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The Challenges of Diagnosis and Control of Enterotoxaemia Caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>in Small Ruminants

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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第5期10卷 238-273页

作者： Rajveer Singh Pawaiya kumaresan Gururaj Neeraj Kumar Gangwar Desh Deepak Singh Rahul Kumar Ashok Kumar Division of Animal Health ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats Mathura India Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry DUVASU Mathura India Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry NDAUT Kumarganj Faizabad India

Enterotoxaemia is one of the important pathologies caused by Clostridium perfringens, which produces intestinal and systemic disease in goats, sheep and other animals. These Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria are normally resident in the intestinal tract of ruminants but during favourable conditions, proliferate uncontrollably and release toxins which produce disease in the host. Different strains of C. perfringens are responsible for several clinical syndromes, including lamb dysentery, pulpy kidney disease and struck. However, the pathology and pathogenesis of caprine enterotoxaemia is not well understood, with limited studies available in goats. Caprine enterotoxaemia can be controlled with the better understanding of its risk factors and pathogenesis. The diagnosis of enterotoxaemia in animals is complex and often requires group of tests than one single test for better specificity and sensitivity. Tentative diagnosis of enterotoxaemia in sheep and goats is based on the history, clinical signs and gross lesions during post-mortem examination of animals;however, confirmatory diagnosis of enterotoxaemia requires different laboratory diagnostic tools. Toxin detection of C. perfringens in case of enterotoxaemia is furthermost accepted benchmark in establishing a definitive diagnosis of enterotoxaemia in intestinal contents. Measuring urine glucose or observing Gram-stained smears of intestinal mucosa can be used as supplementary tests. However, it is also imperative that enterotoxaemia cannot be ruled out in the event of negativity of aforementioned diagnostic tests. Hence, definitive diagnosis of enterotoxaemia in goats can be achieved with the use of molecular techniques (PCR, ELISA and immune-fluorescence) coupled with toxin detection in intestine or biological assays including mouse inoculation test (MIT). In case of goats, vaccine efficacy is poor which may be due to need of high to moderate level of serum antibodies to protect against both systemic and enteric ef

关键词： Clostridium perfringens Control Diagnosis Enterotoxaemia Goat Prevention Sheep Small Ruminants

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Cafeteria Diet Fed Sprague Dawley Rats

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第12期8卷 975-993页

作者： kavitha Varadharajan Muralitharan Shanmugakonar Sandra Concepcion Das Hamda A. Al-Naemi Laboratory Animal Research Centre (LARC) Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar

Diet plays a major role in the body physiology and metabolism. The quantity, nature and stability of the macronutrients present in the diet have a major impact on the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays a major role in the body metabolism and leads to obese or lean phenotype. Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are the major microbes that inhabit in the region of the gut. We made an attempt to study the effects of Cafeteria (CAF) diets and normal chow diets on diet consumption, weight gain, metabolism and composition of gut microbiota in fecal and cecum samples from three weeks old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 18/group) using 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing. Results revealed that distinctive diet based phenotypical changes were observed in some of the Cafeteria diet fed rats. Interestingly, some weight gain resistant (WGR) animals in Cafeteria diet fed groups show similar trend like that of control normal chow fed rats. Fecal microbiome analysis indicates that the ratio of Bacteriodetes is higher than the Firmicutes in cecum samples of Cafeteria diet fed rats whereas no significant difference is found in fecal samples of Cafeteria diet fed rats and as well as in control rats. Further analysis of other taxa at the level of family and genus of microbial abundance are also discussed. Our study suggests that contribution of gut microbiota towards obesity is not at the phylum level, and microbiome composition even at the level of species or strain may exert impact on the metabolism of the Cafeteria diet.

关键词： Gut Microbiota Obesity Cafeteria Diet Feces Weight Gain Resistant Next Generation Sequencing

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Their Impact on Biochemical and Inflammatory Profiles in Cafeteria Diet Fed Sprague Dawley Rats

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第9期9卷 775-789页

作者： Reem Moath Alasmar kavitha Varadharajan Muralitharan Shanmugakonar Hamda A. Al-Naemi Laboratory Animal Research Centre Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar

Gut microbiota plays a major role in regulating the host metabolism and immune system. However, the structure of microbiome population is altered constantly by diverse factors including diet and environment. In particular, the gut microbiome dynamics is influenced by diet composition and their associated metabolites. Many studies in the recent past reported on diet induced dysbiosis in the gut microbiome, the modulating ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes plays a central role in maintaining the microbiome diversity in the gut and their abundance regulates obese conditions. Although there are several reports on gut microbial dysbiosis (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) at phylum level but only few of them highlight at the genera level. In the present study, we focused more on the impact of cafeteria diet (CAF) with respect to the gut microbiome richness at the genera level in SD rats. Three weeks old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with normal chow diet and cafeteria diet (CAF). After 10 weeks, serum, tissue samples (small intestine and cecum), cecum fecal and fecal pellet were collected. Biochemical analysis from serum, Gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory markers from tissues and microbiome analysis from fecal samples were analysed. CAF diet fed rat in the present study developed obesity with increased body weight, few of them developed the resistance to weight gain (WGR) and these animal shows significantly increased abundance of Bacteriodetes-Prevotella compared to obese animals. This study suggests that detailed research needed to address the contribution of microbiota abundance at the genera level. We further explored the influence of diet induced microbiota changes on immune response;increase in Bacteroidetes leads to increased LPS and this in turn elicit immune reaction in the gut. Moreover, variation in gut microbiota also affects the gut barrier function (Tight junction proteins) and increase metabolic endotoxemia that leads to activation of innate

关键词： Gut Microbiota Cafeteria Diet Obesity Inflammatory Markers RT-PCR

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Unilateral rhinophyma: report of a case and review

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2017年第3期4卷 49-53页

作者： Scott Walter Steven Krueger Jonathan Ho kavitha K.Reddy Department of Dermatology Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA 02118USA University of Massachusetts Medical School 55 N Lake AveWorcesterMA 01655USA.

Rhinophyma is a less-common subtype of rosacea that presents as thickened skin with enlarged sebaceous glands that may progress to large bulbous growths with dilated pores on the nose. Rhinophyma can lead to morbidity aesthetically and sometimes functionally. The prevalence of rosacea ranges from 1% to 20%. The exact pathogenesis is not known, but potential factors include altered circulation, changes in microorganisms and/or alterations in immunity. Here the authors present a unique case where a patient presented with unilateral rhinophyma: a presentation warranting work up to rule out other more worrisome entities.

关键词： Rosacea rhinophyma unilateral phymatous rosacea

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Sperm dosage and site of insemination in relation to fertility in bovines

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2018年第1期7卷 1-5页

作者： Tushar Kumar Mohanty Shabir Ahmad Lone kumaresan A Bhakat M Kumar R Rubina K Baithalu Ranjana Sinha Adil Rasool Paray Hanuman P Yadav Sangram K Sahu Ashok K Mohanty Artificial Breeding Research Centre ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal132001HaryanaIndia Livestock Research Center ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal132001HaryanaIndia Animal Biotechnology Center ICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnal132001HaryanaIndia

Low sperm numbers in artificial insemination (AI)-doses are being used widely to make the best use of high genetic value bulls as well as sex-sorted semen. Sperm concentration needed for AI to obtain reasonable fertility, taking genetic value of bull and numerous others components into consideration is one of the essential constituents for successful AI breeding program. However, low sperm concentrations in AI-doses lead to reducing post-thaw viability. The reduction in viability of low sperm doses may be affected by fresh semen volume, sperm number and seminal plasma level at final dilution. Reduction in quality and fertility of low sperm doses is one of the limitations for their use in successful AI programme. Sperm number per AI required to achieve optimum fertility is one of the main crucial things to AI industry, and numerous efforts have been made in this regard. Due to great variability among bulls, sperm number per AI could be a limiting factor in achieving acceptable fertility values. Fertility of low sperm doses may vary among bulls, and non-return rates (NRRs) with low sperm doses may be determined by fertility level of bull. On the basis of individual bulls, sperm numbers in AI doses needed to be adjusted to reduce the variations in NRRs among bulls. Utilizing high fertile bulls for low sperm doses with acceptable non-return rates (NRRs) may be a way to cover a large number of bovines under AI in countries like India. Deposition site within the uterine horn may alter non return rates following inseminations with low sperm doses. Following deep-uterine inseminations, acceptable pregnancies may be achieved with low sperm doses and even if ovulation side is unknown.

关键词： Sperm number Deposition site Fertility

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妊娠性高血压视网膜变化的临床研究（英文）

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国际眼科杂志 2017年第6期17卷 1033-1036页

作者： sahana raviraj manipur pavana acharya kavitha chikkanayakanahalli venugopal lakshmi bomalapura ramamurthy 哈桑医学科学研究所眼科印度哈桑卡纳塔克邦573201

目的:研究妊娠性高血压(PIH)患者视网膜变化的患病率,视网膜变化与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法:横断面研究。共收集2014-12/2015-05妊娠性高血压患者100例。所有患者均行眼底检查。单眼或双眼眼底发生变化视为阳性。妊娠性高血压分级为... 详细信息

目的:研究妊娠性高血压(PIH)患者视网膜变化的患病率,视网膜变化与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法:横断面研究。共收集2014-12/2015-05妊娠性高血压患者100例。所有患者均行眼底检查。单眼或双眼眼底发生变化视为阳性。妊娠性高血压分级为轻度子痫前期(血压>140/90~160/90 mmHg),重度子痫前期(血压>160/90 mmHg)和子痫前期(重度子痫前期和抽搐)。结果:患者平均年龄为23.05(19~34)岁。妊娠期为28~41wk。其中62例初产妇以及38例经产妇。轻度子痫前期,重度子痫前期和子痫前期患者占比分别为62%,26%,12%。8例患者发生视网膜变化。观察得出:高血压性视网膜病变Ⅰ级(1%),Ⅱ级(0%),Ⅲ级(2%),Ⅳ级(2%),浆液性视网膜脱离(1%)和中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(2%)。视网膜变化与PIH严重程度呈正相关,有统计学意义(P=0.0001)。结论:8%的PIH患者视网膜发生变化,视网膜变化与PIH严重程度呈正相关。

关键词：妊娠性高血压视网膜变化高血压性视网膜病变

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Campus-Wide Floristic Diversity of Medicinal Plants in Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT-M), Chennai

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第12期8卷 2995-3012页

作者： Arumugam Nagarajan Saravanan Soorangkattan kavitha Thangavel Boobalan Thulasinathan Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam Arun Alagarsamy Under Graduate Lab Department of Biotechnology Bhupath and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai India Department of Botany School of Life Sciences Alagappa University Karaikudi India Department of Microbiology School of Life Sciences Alagappa University Karaikudi India

The floristic diversity of plants and their abundance were analyzed in 2.5 km campus to explore their medical importance by random sampling. The results for plant diversity in IIT-M campus showed nearly 100 species of flowering plants, with genera belonging to nearly 40 families. The most dominant family in the present study is Fabaceae with 15 species (25%) of the medicinal trees. In addition, the dominant medicinal herbs belong to the families of Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae containing 4 species (12%) each. The identified medicinal tree and herb are verified with Red data book to explore their conservation status of every identified medicinal trees and herbs. On comparison with the existing IUCN red data list, the conservation status of 73% of trees and herbs identified in the present study were not assessed. Also, the biodiversity of plants focused on ethano-botanical aspects to reveal their medicinal uses.

关键词： Medicinal Plants Medicinal Tree Plant Diversity Ethano Botany

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Micro RNAs potential utility in colon cancer: Early detection, prognosis, and chemosensitivity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第27期21卷 8284-8292页

作者： Michael Hollis kavitha Nair Arpita Vyas Lakshmi Shankar Chaturvedi Sahil Gambhir Dinesh Vyas Department of Surgery College of Human Medicine Michigan State University Department of Medicine Emory University Pediatrics College of Human Medicine Michigan State University

Over the past decade, research has shown that aberrant expression of micro RNA(mi RNA) is involved in colorectal cancer development and progression. Micro RNAs are small sequences of non-coding RNA that regulate expression of genes involved in important cellular functions, such as cell differentiation, multiplication, and apoptosis. A specific mi RNA may display the effects of a tumor suppressor or oncogene. Altered mi RNA expression is found in colorectal cancer(CRC) and patterns of mi RNA expression correlate with CRC detection and outcome. Studies also have examined the use of circulating serum mi RNA and fecal mi RNA expression as non-invasive markers for early detection. Here, we review recent evidence demonstrating the potential role of mi RNA in CRC and the implications of its use in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Microrna Expression Serum microRNA Fecal microRNA Diagnostic Prognostic Therapeutic

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Dissipative Discrete System with Nearest-Neighbor Interaction for the Nonlinear Electrical Lattice

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第6期3卷 438-446页

作者： Saidou Abdoulkary Tibi Beda Serge Y.Doka Fabien II Ndzana Louis kavitha Alidou Mohamadou Departement des Sciences Physiques Ecole Normale SuperieureUniversite de MarouaMarouaCameroon Laboratory of Mechanics Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon Ecole Nationale Superieure Polytechnique Universite de Yaounde IYaoundeCameroon Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of NgaoundereNgaoundereCameroon Department of Physics Periyar UniversitySalemIndia Condensed Matter Laboratory Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon

A generalized dissipative discrete complex Ginzburg-Landau equation that governs the wave propagation in dissipative discrete nonlinear electrical transmission line with negative nonlinear resistance is derived. This equation presents arbitrarily nearest-neighbor nonlinearities. We analyze the properties of such model both in connection to their modulational stability, as well as in regard to the generation of intrinsic localized modes. We present a generalized discrete Lange-Newell criterion. Numerical simulations are performed and we show that discrete breathers are generated through modulational instability.

关键词： Generalized Dissipative Discrete Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation Discrete Lange Newell-Criterion Pulse Trains Solitary Patterns

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Prolonged hypernatremia triggered by hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state with coma: A case report

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World Journal of Nephrology 2015年第2期4卷 319-323页

作者： Darlene Vigil kavitha Ganta Yijuan Sun RichardⅠDorin Antonios H Tzamaloukas Karen S Servilla Nephrology Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center Nephrology Division Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Endocrinology Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center Nephrology Section Medicine Service Raymond G Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center Nephrology Division Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine

A man with past lithium use for more than 15 years, but off lithium for two years and not carrying the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus(NDI), presented with coma and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state(HHS). Following correction of HHS, he developed persistent hypernatremia accompanied by large volumes of urine with low osmolality and no response to desmopressin injections. Urine osmolality remained < 300 m Osm/kg after injection of vasopressin. Improvement in serum sodium concentration followed the intake of large volumes of water plus administration of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide. Severe hyperglycemia may trigger symptomatic lithium-induced NDI years after cessation of lithium therapy. Patients with newonset diabetes mellitus who had been on prolonged lithium therapy in the past require monitoring of their serum sodium concentration after hyperglycemic episodes regardless of whether they do or do not carry the diagnosis of NDI.

关键词： Hypertonicity Lithium Hypernatremia Hyperglycemia Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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