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Pancreatic trauma: A concise review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 9003-9011页

作者： Uma Debi Ravinder Kaur kaushal kishor prasad Saroj Kant Sinha Anindita Sinha Kartar Singh Division of GE Radiology Department of Superspeciality of GastroenterologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160 012India Department of Radiodiagnosis Government Medical College and HospitalChandigarh 160 012India Division of GE Histopathology Department of Superspeciality of GastroenterologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160 012India Department of Superspeciality of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160 012India Department of Radiodiagnosis Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160 012India

Traumatic injury to the pancreas is rare and difficult to *** contrast,traumatic injuries to the liver,spleen and kidney are common and are usually identified with ease by imaging *** injuries are usually subtle to identify by different diagnostic imaging modalities,and these injuries are often overlooked in cases with extensive multiorgan *** most evident findings of pancreatic injury are posttraumatic pancreatitis with blood,edema,and soft tissue infiltration of the anterior pararenal *** alterations of post-traumatic pancreatitis may not be visualized within several hours following trauma as they are time *** diagnoses of traumatic pancreatic injuries are associated with high morbidity and *** plays an important role in diagnosis of pancreatic injuries because early recognition of the disruption of the main pancreatic duct is *** reviewed our experience with the use of various imaging modalities for diagnosis of blunt pancreatic trauma.

关键词： Pancreas Trauma Pancreatitis Radiology

Study on Passive Immunity:time of Vaccination in Kids Born to Goats Vaccinated Against Peste des petits ruminants

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第4期27卷 228-233页

作者： Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Gnanavel Venkatesan kaushal kishor Rajak Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Raj Kumar Singh Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteMukteswar 263138Nainital DistrictUttarakhandIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance(PD_ADMAS) HebbalBangalore 560024India Animal Health Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research-North Eastern HillUmiam 793103India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bangalore 560024India National Research Centre on Equines Hisar 125001India

In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in *** samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth *** kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV ***,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active ***,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed *** could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations.

关键词：小反刍兽疫疫苗接种被动免疫种山羊孩子血清中和试验 PPRV 接种疫苗

Cytokines Expression Profile and Kinetics of Peste des petits ruminants Virus Antigen and Antibody in Infected and Vaccinated Goats

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第4期27卷 265-271页

作者： Arun Patel kaushal kishor Rajak Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Shashi Bhusan Sudhakar Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Raj Kumar Singh Awadh Bihari Pandey Division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteMukteswar 263138Nainital DistrictUttarakhandIndia Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance(PD_ADMAS) Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia Animal Health Division Indian Council of Agricultural Research-North Eastern Hill RegionMeghalaya 793103India Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bangalore 560024KarnatakaIndia National Research Centre on Equines Hisar 125001HaryanaIndia

The present study deals with the co-ordination of cytokine(IL-4 and IFN-γ) expression and kinetics of peste des petits ruminants(PPR) virus antigen and antibody in PPRV infected and vaccinated *** infected animals exhibited mixed cytokine(both T_H1 and T_H2) responses in the initial phase of the *** infected and dead goats had increased IFN-γ response before their death;while IL-4 remained at the base *** cytokine expression in recovered animals was almost similar to that of vaccinated ones,where a unique biphasic response of IL-4 expression was observed with an up-regulation of IFN-γ on 7^(th) days post vaccination(dpv).Analysis of PPR virus antigen and antibody kinetics in different components of blood from infected and vaccinated animals revealed that the PPR virus antigen load was highest in plasma followed by serum and blood of the infected animals,whereas vaccinated animals showed only marginal positivity on 9^(th) *** antibody titer was high in serum followed by plasma and blood in both vaccinated and infected ***,it is inferred that the presence of antigen and antibody were significant with the expression of cytokine,and that a decreased response of IL-4 was noticed during intermediate phase of the disease i.e.,7 to 12^(th) days post infection(dpi).This indicates the ability to mount a functional T_H2 response after 14^(th)dpi could be a critical determinant in deciding the survival of the PPR infected

关键词：动力学分析感染动物接种疫苗病毒抗原细胞因子抗体效价小反刍兽疫山羊

Multi Drug Resistance Bacterial Isolates of Surgical Site Infection

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第4期4卷 203-209页

作者： Chandra Prakash Bhatt Rina Baidya Prakash Karki Rikesh Kumar Shah Rashiak Miya Pratima Mahashate kaushal kishor Mishra Kathmandu Medical College Kathmandu Nepal B and B Hospital Lalitpur Nepal Nobel College Kathmandu Nepal

Multi drug resistance microorganism is considered to be one of the major health problems. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens of surgical site infection. A total 250 samples were included, out of which 62.4% showed significant bacterial growth. Gram negative bacteria were 85.25% and gram positive bacteria were 14.75%;among them 65.38% of the total isolates were multi drug resistance (MDR). The age group between 31 - 40 found the highest number of isolates 22.4%. Among gram negative bacilli, the highest production of MDR was found in Acinetobacter spp. followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In gram positive cocci, the highest production of MDR was found in Staphylococcus aureus. Acinetobacter spp. was found highly susceptible to amikacin and gentamycin 20.1% followed by ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin 18.6% and 16.2% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitive to clindamycin whereas penicillin showed 100% resistance followed by amoxycillin (93.75%). Amikacine and clindamycin were drugs of choice for gram negative and gram positive bacteria respectively. This study showed that alarming increase of infections was caused by multi drug resistance bacterial organisms. It increases length of stay and may produce lasting sequelae and requires extra resources for investigations, management and nursing care. Surveillance of surgical site infection is a useful tool to demonstrate the magnitude of the problem and find out appropriate preventive methods.

关键词： Acinetobacter Spp. Bacterial Pathogens Multi Drug Resistance (MDR)

Upper gastrointestinal barium evaluation of duodenal pathology: A pictorial review

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第8期6卷 613-618页

作者： Pankaj Gupta Uma Debi Saroj Kant Sinha kaushal kishor Department of Radiodiagnosis Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh 160012 India Division of GE Radiology Department of Super-speciality of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh 160012 India Department of Superspeciality of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh 160012 India prasad Division of GE Histopathology Department of Superspeciality of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh 160012 India

Like other parts of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT), duodenum is subject to a variety of lesions both congenital and acquired. However, unlike other parts of the GIT viz. esophagus, rest of the small intestine and large intestine, barium evaluation of duodenal lesions is technically more challenging and hence not frequently reported. With significant advances in computed tomography technology, a thorough evaluation including intraluminal, mural and extramural is feasible in a single non-invasive examination. Notwithstanding, barium evaluation still remains the initial and sometimes the only imaging study in several parts of the world. Hence,a thorough acquaintance with the morphology of various duodenal lesions on upper gastrointestinal barium examination is essential in guiding further evaluation. We reviewed our experience with various common and uncommon barium findings in duodenal abnormalities.

关键词： Barium study Duodenum Upper gastrointestinal tract Small bowel Pathology