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Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism

Nano-Micro Letters 2015年第3期7卷 219-242页

作者： Amna Sirelkhatim Shahrom Mahmud Azman Seeni Noor Haida Mohamad kaus Ling Chuo Ann Siti Khadijah Mohd Bakhori Habsah Hasan Dasmawati Mohamad Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory (N.O.R.Lab) School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia Advanced Medical and Dental Institute Cluster of Integrative Medicine Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory(N.O.R.Lab) School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia Department of Medical Microbiology Parasitology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia

Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles(Zn O-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many microorganisms exist in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. Zn O-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. Zn O is a bio-safe material that possesses photo-oxidizing and photocatalysis impacts on chemical and biological species. This review covered Zn O-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination, Zn O particle properties(size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration. Particular emphasize was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with focus on generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), OH-(hydroxyl radicals), and O2-2(peroxide). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to Zn O-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc *** have led to mitochondria weakness, intracellular outflow, and release in gene expression of oxidative stress which caused eventual cell growth inhibition and cell death. In some cases, enhanced antibacterial activity can be attributed to surface defects on Zn O abrasive surface texture. One functional application of the Zn O antibacterial bioactivity was discussed in food packaging industry where Zn O-NPs are used as an antibacterial agent toward foodborne diseases. Proper incorporation of Zn O-NPs into packaging materials can cause interaction with foodborne pathogens, thereby releasing NPs onto food surface where they come in contact with bad bacteria and cause the bacterial death and/or in

关键词： Antibacterial activity Zn O-NPs Toxicity mechanism Reactive oxygen species Zinc ions release Food antimicrobial

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Thermal localization as a potential mechanism to rift cratons

Thermal localization as a potential mechanism to rift craton...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2011年度）...

作者： Boris J.P.kaus Department of Earth Science ETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 58092 ZurichSwitzerland University of Southern California Los AngelesUSA

Cratons are cold regions of continents that have remained stable since at least the *** longevity of cratons is often attributed to chemical buoyancy and/or high viscosity of cratonic root material. Yet examples of destructed cratons(such as the North China Craton) suggest that there are conditions under which chemical buoyancy and/or high viscosity are insufficient to keep cratons *** formation of continental rifts,as weak zones that reduce the total stresses of cratons,may be a mechanism that increases the longevity of cratonic *** continental rifts result from localized deformation, understanding the mechanism of shear localization is thus important for understanding the stability or breakup of ***,we perform 2-D numerical models for a cratonic lithosphere under extension to understand the initiation of shear localization,for visco-elasto-plastic *** reveal that three modes of deformation exist:no localization,symmetric localization and asymmetric localization. To further understand the underlying physics,we develop a 1-D semi-analytical method that predicts the onset of localization as well as whether rifting will be symmetric or *** of the semi-analytical method to geological settings show that fast deformation,cold thermal state or strong mantle rheology may result in localized deformation and stabilize the remaining adjacent *** results successfully interpret the major features of the North China Craton.

关键词： Thermal localization Numerical modeling Lithospheric thinning North China Craton

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地幔流动促使板块构造启动

地幔流动促使板块构造启动

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2015中国地球科学联合学术年会

作者：吕刚 Boris J.P.kaus 赵亮郑天愉中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 University of Mainz

板块构造运动是已知在现今地球上所独有的构造形式,以海洋岩石圈向深部俯冲的形式参与地幔循环为主要特征。而数值模拟显示当岩石粘度与温度相关时,地幔对流倾向于以盖层对流的形式进行(Moresi and Solomatov,1995),表层岩石圈不参与深... 详细信息

板块构造运动是已知在现今地球上所独有的构造形式,以海洋岩石圈向深部俯冲的形式参与地幔循环为主要特征。而数值模拟显示当岩石粘度与温度相关时,地幔对流倾向于以盖层对流的形式进行(Moresi and Solomatov,1995),表层岩石圈不参与深部的地幔循环,例如其它类地行星以及早期地球。如何启动板块构造是地球科学中长期未解决的问题之一,最大的困难在于对驱动力的理解不足(Gerya,

关键词：板块构造岩石圈驱动力俯冲板块构造作用力

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数值模拟研究太平洋板块俯冲对华北克拉通破坏的影响

数值模拟研究太平洋板块俯冲对华北克拉通破坏的影响

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2016中国地球科学联合学术年会

作者：杨建锋赵亮 Boris J.P.kaus 吕刚中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 University of Mainz

＜正＞克拉通之所以能够存在于地球数十亿年之久,与其低含水量导致的与下伏软流圈足够高的粘度差是有关的。而长期冷却的克拉通造成的高密度可能会与软流圈形成重力不稳定,所以克拉通岩石圈在成分上的差异也是保证其稳定性的重要因素之... 详细信息

＜正＞克拉通之所以能够存在于地球数十亿年之久,与其低含水量导致的与下伏软流圈足够高的粘度差是有关的。而长期冷却的克拉通造成的高密度可能会与软流圈形成重力不稳定,所以克拉通岩石圈在成分上的差异也是保证其稳定性的重要因素之一。华北克拉通的活化与破坏是研究克拉通演化,岩石圈改造和地幔循环的天然实验室。太平洋板块的长期俯冲被认为对克拉通活化和岩石圈软流圈相互作

关键词：华北克拉通太平洋板块俯冲运动动力来源数值模拟

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Self-consistent subduction initiation induced by mantle flow

Self-consistent subduction initiation induced by mantle flow

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）...

作者： Gang Lu 2Boris J.P.kaus Liang Zhao Tianyu Zheng Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Bergen Institute of Geosciences Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mantle circulation in planets with strongly temperaturedependent viscosity results in stagnant-lid convection. It is fundamental to understand how this stagnant-lid regime can change into a plate-like convection regime as on the presentday Earth. Here, we use 2D numerical models to study subduction initiation from an initial stagnant lid with laboratoryconsistent parameters and without pre-existing weak zones or kinematic boundary conditions. Our results show that subduction can be initiated dynamically as a result of a thermal localization instability. The lithosphere may deform in a stagnant-lid mode, an un-necking mode, a symmetric-subduction mode or an asymmetric-subduction mode. The asymmetric-subduction mode occurs only for relatively large friction angles and moderate thermal ages, and the presence of heterogeneities increases the parameter space of this mode. The limited parameter space might explain why only the present-day Earth has plate tectonics, and suggests that the initiation of plate tectonics is more difficult than previously anticipated.

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小麦育种中姊妹交的有效性

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国外作物育种 1998年第2期17卷 35-37页

作者： kaus.,K 向平

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Influence of accreted terrane on subduction initiation:Numerical modeling

Influence of accreted terrane on subduction initiation:Numer...

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2020年中国地球科学联合学术年会

作者： Baolu Sun Boris kaus Jianfeng Yang Xinxin Wang Kun Wang Liang Zhao State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Geosciences Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Dipartimento di Geoscienze Università di Padova

Subduction is the primary driver for plate tectonics on Earth. The mechanism of subduction initiation, however, remains enigmatic. The accretion of buoyant Ontong Java Plateau with Australian Plate results in subducti... 详细信息

关键词： Influence of accreted terrane on subduction initiation:Numerical modeling

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Strong intracontinental lithospheric deformation in South China:Implications from seismic observations and geodynamic modeling

Strong intracontinental lithospheric deformation in South Ch...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2014年度（第14届）...

作者： Gang Lu Liang Zhao Tianyu Zheng Boris J.P.kaus Key Laboratory of the Earth’s Deep Interior Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Classical plate tectonics theory predicts concentrated deformation at plate boundaries and weak deformation within ***,the existence of intracontinental orogens shows that highly deformed regions can occur within continental plates,which is geodynamically incompletely *** wave splitting measurements in South China show belt-parallel(***–SW)fast directions beneath the Wulingshan-Xuefengshan Belts,while no dominant fast direction is found in the cratonic Sichuan *** studies in the mantle in the same area show that the thickness of lithosphere beneath the intracontinental orogen is larger than that beneath the cratonic Sichuan *** order to better understand these seismic observations,we performed numerical experiments of intracontinental lithospheric deformation with the presence of cratonic *** comparing systematic model results with topography data and constraints on the accumulated amount of shortening in the study region,we find that the best-fitting result is obtained for models with a strong upper and a wet lower crust and with a weak mantle lithosphere beneath the orogen belt,which has an effective viscosity that is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the *** numerical model successfully explains the belt-parallel anisotropy and high velocity anomaly beneath intracontinental orogen and suggests that significant intracontinental lithospheric deformation occurred in South China.

关键词： Intracontinental orogen Numerical modeling Lithospheric deformation South China

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8个面包小麦品种茎锈病抗性基因的鉴定及其多样性

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国外作物育种 1997年第3期16卷 35-37页

作者： kaus.,K 谢国禄

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吸收式致冷系统采用醇：盐混合物的可行性研究

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能源季刊 1992年第2期22卷 50-59页

作者： kaus.,SC 古觉登

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