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Multilayer polarization elements and their applications to polarimetric studies in vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2008年第4期19卷 193-203页

作者： WATANABE Makoto HATANO Tadashi saito katsuhiko HU Weibing EJIMA Takeo TSURU Toshihide TAKAHASHI Masahiko KIMURA Hiroaki HIRONO Toko WANG Zhangshan CUI Mingqi YAMAMOTO Masaki YANAGIHARA Mihiro Shanghai Dianji University Shanghai 200240 China Institute of Composite Materials Shanghai Jiaotong University China and Venture Business Laboratory Saga University Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Changchun 130033 China Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute SPring-8 Hyogo 679-5198 Japan Institute of Precision Optical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China BSRF Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049 China

Multilayer polarization elements and their applications to polarimetric studies in 20～400 eV region are mainly reviewed. General principle of selecting material combinations to get high linear polarizance multilayers of reflection type is given with practical examples,with periodic or non-periodic layer structures depending on the usage. Transmission type is introduced as linear polarizer and phase shifter. Their applications include polarization diagnosis of laboratory optical systems and synchrotron radiation beamlines of linear and circular polarization,magnetic rotation experiments such as Faraday rotation and magnetic Kerr rotation on magnetic films and multilayers,and ellipsometry to measure optical constants of thin films precisely. Polarization analysis of soft X-ray fluorescence using multilayer-coated grating is also mentioned. Finally this review is summarized with outlook of further developments.

关键词： X射线偏振色散核技术

Natural Convection Melting in a Rectangular Heat Storage Tank of Carbon Nanotube Dispersed Latent Heat Storage Material

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 847-855页

作者： Shin-ichi MORITA Tomoya saito Kazunori TAKAI Yasutaka HAYAMIZU Naoto HARUKI Division of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology165 Koen-choKitami-shiHokkaido090-8507Japan National Institute of Technology Yonago College4448 Hikona-cyoYonago-shiTottori683-8502Japan Okayama Prefectural University 111 KubokiSoja-shiOkayama719-1197Japan

A dispersion system fluid can convect even if the dispersoid is a solid phase.Therefore,heat exchange performance can be improved while maintaining fluidity using a material with high thermal conductivity as the dispersoid.This study presents the melting performance evaluation results of a latent heat storage material with a carbon nanotube(CNT)dispersion system with high thermal conductivity,which enhances the thermal conductivity of the latent heat storage material and does not limit free convection.Increasing the thermal conductivity and enhancing the melting convection of the heat storage material result in increased latent heat storage speed.In this study,the thermal conductivity of the latent heat storage material was successfully increased by dispersing CNTs in the material.When 0.1%(in mass)of multi-wall CNT(MWCNT)was dispersed in a paraffin-based latent heat storage material,the shear stress increased by 1.5 times at a shear rate of 500 s^(-1),while taking into account the potential effects of convective inhibition.Therefore,a latent heat storage experiment was conducted in a rectangular heat storage tank using the CNT dispersion composition ratio as a parameter.A rectangular vessel with a heated vertical surface was used for the latent heat storage experiment.The melting speed was determined by comparing the amount of latent heat stored in a CNT-dispersed latent heat storage material and a single-phase latent heat storage material sample.The experimental results show that the time required for the latent heat storage material to completely melt in the heat storage tank was the shortest for the single-phase latent heat storage material sample.However,the fastest melting progress was observed for the sample with 0.02%(in mass)MWCNT content in the melting rate range of up to approximately 40%in the tank.The results indicate that this phenomenon is caused by the difference in the melting rates in the upper part of the tank.The generated data are useful for determining the shape and heat transfer surface arr

关键词： latent heat storage phase change carbon nano tube free convection heat transfer

Hyperacute experimental model of rat lung transplantation using a coronary shunt cannula

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 155-161页

作者： Munehisa Takata Yusuke Tanaka Daisuke saito Shuhei Yoshida Isao Matsumoto Department of Thoracic Surgery Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-8641IshikawaJapan

BACKGROUND Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment of end-stage lung disease.A rodent model is an inexpensive way to collect biological data from a living model after lung transplantation.However,mastering the surgical technique takes time owing to the small organ size.AIM To conduct rat lung transplantation using a shunt cannula(SC)or modified cannula(MC)and assess their efficacy.METHODS Rat lung transplantation was performed in 11 animals in the SC group and 12 in the MC group.We devised a method of rat lung transplantation using a coronary SC for coronary artery bypass surgery as an anastomosis of pulmonary arteri-ovenous vessels and bronchioles.The same surgeon performed all surgical proce-dures in the donor and recipient rats without using a magnifying glass.The success rate of lung transplantation,operating time,and PaO2 values were com-pared after 2-h reperfusion after transplantation.RESULTS Ten and 12 lungs were successfully transplanted in the SC and MC groups,respectively.In the SC group,one animal had cardiac arrest within 1 h after reperfusion owing to bleeding during pulmonary vein anastomosis.The opera-ting time for the removal of the heart-lung block from the donor and preparation of the left lung graft was 26.8±2.3 and 25.7±1.3 min in the SC and MC groups,respectively(P=0.21).The time required for left lung transplantation in the recipients was 37.5±2.8 min and 35.9±1.4 min in the SC and MC groups,respectively(P=0.12).PaO2 values at 2 h after reperfusion were 456.2±25.5 and INTRODUCTION Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment of end-stage lung disease.Many immune and non-immune mech-anisms in lung transplantation are highly complex,and post-transplant complications such as infections and primary and chronic lung allograft dysfunction must be reduced to improve survival.Therefore,there is a need for immunological and pathophysiological analyses using animal lung transplantation models.The rat lung transplantation model was first reported in 1971[1],followed by the Mizuta

关键词： Lung transplantation Rat Shunt cannula Modified cannula Reperfusion

Evaluating mechanism of banana pseudo-stem retting using seawater:A cost-effective surface pre-treatment approach

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 322-335页

作者： Prince Hotor Ahmed H.Hassanin Osbert Akatwijuka Mohamed A.H.Gepreel Mitsuo Yamamoto Yukie saito Ahmed Abdel-Mawgood Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Biotechnology ProgramAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Alexandria University Department of Textile EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateBab Sharqi 5424041Egypt Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology Material Science and EngineeringAlexandria GovernorateNew Borg Al Arab 21934Egypt Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoBunkyo-KuTokyo 113-8657Japan

Retting has been employed to extract natural fibers from agricultural wastes as a biological and cost-effective approach for centuries.With its global abundance,banana pseudo-stem is a promising agro-waste for lignocellulosic fiber extraction.In this study,fibers were extracted from the pseudo-stems after being pre-treated under four conditions using seawater at room temperature for up to 35 d Bacterial isolation from the fresh seawater sample and screening for ligninolytic ability were conducted.Bacterial load as well as laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme activity profile assay during the retting duration were analyzed.Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)and X-day diffraction(XRD)analyses were also examined for both pre-treated and untreated extracted fibers.The results shows that six out of the eight bacterial isolates had the ability to degrade lignin.The treatments(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)recorded the highest viable bacterial load of 9.24×102 and 4.46×102 CFU,respectively,on the 14th day of the retting process.Additionally,the highest laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes activity was recorded for(Raw stem+Raw seawater)and(Autoclaved stem+Raw seawater)treatments in the second to the third week.The FT-IR spectra of the pre-treated fibers revealed relative reductions in peaks attributed to polysaccharides and other amorphous substances for all retting conditions.The XRD diffractogram revealed that the crystallinity index(CI)of pre-treated fibers increased in all seawater retting treatment conditions.However,the CI for fibers pre-treated under enzymatic conditions were enhanced even after five weeks.Sequence analysis for selected bacterial isolates showed homology to sequences of Bacillus velezensis,Shewanella sp.L8–5,and Citrobacter amalonaticus and Bacillus subtilis j8 strain.From these findings,it was suggested that physical,biological,and chemical actions were collectively involved in the seawater retting process of banana pseudo-stems.

关键词： Seawater retting Banana pseudo-stem Natural fiber Enzyme activity Colony forming unit

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包装材料的环境影响评价(英文)

包装工程 2008年第11期29卷 65-68页

作者：霍李江齐藤胜彦大连工业大学纺织轻工学院大连116034 神户大学海事科学研究科

对有关环境影响评价技术和指标建立方法进行了比较,从而确定出能够适合可持续包装需要的包装材料环境影响评价方法。并就基于末端模型包装生命周期影响评价和单一可持续性指标的确立进行了讨论,以便能够为实践中优选包装材料提供指导。

关键词：环境影响评价包装材料生命周期评价可持续性指标

Assessment of corrected time-step method for nominal ionospheric gradient calculation: A comparative analysis with spatial approaches

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 641-649页

作者： Slamet Supriadi Prayitno Abadi Susumu saito Harry Bangkit Dwiko Unggul Prabowo Adi Purwono Ginaldi Ari Nugroho Research Center for Smart Mechatronics National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere BRINBandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityKab.BandungIndonesia Electronic Navigation Research Institute National Institute of MaritimePort and Aviation TechnologyTokyoJapan Research Center for Space BRINBandungIndonesia

The effect of ionospheric delay on the ground-based augmentation system under normal conditions can be mitigated by determining the value of the nominal ionospheric gradient(σvig).The nominal ionospheric gradient is generally obtained from Continuously Operating Reference Stations data by using the spatial single-difference method(mixed-pair,station-pair,or satellite-pair)or the temporal single-difference method(time-step).The time-step method uses only a single receiver,but it still contains ionospheric temporal variations.We introduce a corrected time-step method using a fixed-ionospheric pierce point from the geostationary equatorial orbit satellite and test it through simulations based on the global ionospheric model.We also investigate the effect of satellite paths on the corrected time-step method in the region of the equator,which tends to be in a more north–south direction and to have less coverage for the east–west ionospheric gradient.This study also addresses the limitations of temporal variation correction coverage and recommends using only the correction from self-observations.All processes are developed under simulations because observational data are still difficult to obtain.Our findings demonstrate that the corrected time-step method yieldsσvig values consistent with other approaches.

关键词： ground-based augmentation system nominal ionospheric gradient time-step correction global ionospheric model

Education Programs for Invasive Procedures Involving Nurses: A Scoping Review

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第5期14卷 200-224页

作者： Hiromi Shibuya Akiko saito Masumi Mugiyama Noyuri Yamaji Chisato Eto Satoshi Shibuya Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Science Technology Bunkyo Gakuin University Tokyo Japan Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics Institute of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Institute of Clinical Epidemiology Showa University Tokyo Japan Department of Family Nursing Division of Health Science and Nursing Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Global Health Nursing Graduate School of Nursing St. Luke&#8217s International University Tokyo Japan School of Nursing Tokyo Women&#8217s Medical University Tokyo Japan Department of Integrative Physiology School of Medicine Kyorin University Tokyo Japan

Background: Implementing invasive procedures is an important part of patient management by clinical nurses;however, there are gaps between nurses’ actual knowledge and skills and expected professional care capacity. Purpose: This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature related to recent institution-provided educational programs for invasive procedures involving clinical nurses. This study seeks to understand the contents of educational programs and the methods for assessing educational effects. Methods: This scoping review was completed using the following four databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Emcare for the period 2000-2022. We included studies that used all forms of educational approaches (e.g., didactic lectures, hands-on training, or on-the-job training). This scoping review considered peer-reviewed publications published in English using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed approaches. A total of 83 studies underwent in the final analysis. Results and Conclusion: A combination of didactic lectures and hands-on training was provided as an educational program in most studies. Contrary to our prediction, educational interventions with advanced technologies such as VR are extremely rare, suggesting that the effectiveness of advanced technologies in learning invasive procedures should be examined to facilitate and retain educational effects more efficiently in future studies. Regarding the assessment of educational effects, nurses’ cognitive (i.e., theoretical knowledge about procedures), psychomotor (i.e., implementing procedures), and psychological aspects (e.g., confidence and self-efficacy in procedures) were evaluated using questionnaires and observational methods. While most studies used a one-group pretest-posttest design, the ratio of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was relatively low. Thus, an RCT design should be introduced in future studies to test the validity of the developed educational program more accurately.

关键词： Training Education Invasive Procedure Nurses Assessment

The Role of Jasmonates as Antibulbing Substances in the Bulb Formation of Onion

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第1期13卷 1-4,8页

作者： Noboru Takada Atsushi saito Yuuki Matsuzuka Tatsushi Mochiduki Eriko Wakita Meng WANG Yasunori Koda Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University3Bunkyo-choHirosaki 036-8561Japan The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Iwate UniversityMoriokaIwate 020-8550Japan National Institute of Vegitable and Tea Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization360 KusawaAnoTsu 514-2392Japan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversityKita-9 Nishi-9Kita-kuSapporo 060-8589Japan

Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extracts as an antibulbing substance,the amount of which was synchronized with the bulb formation.Since allene oxide synthase inhibitor canceled the antibulbing activity ofα-linolenic acid,it was disclosed that jasmonic acid concerns this regulation.Structure-activity-relationship study revealed that its(3R,7S)stereochemistry is necessary for showing its antibulbing activity.It is concluded that(3R,7S)-jasmonate derived fromα-linolenic acid actually participates in the regulation of bulb formation.

关键词： Onion(Allim cepa L.cv.Higuma) Isolation Bulb formation Antibulbing substance α-Linolenic acid Methyl jasmonate

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日本心血管疾病患者的安宁疗护及启示

中华护理杂志 2024年第5期59卷 533-539页

作者：彭梦云原田奈穂子齋藤信也岡山大学保健学研究科日本岡山市7008558 岡山大学医学部保健学科日本岡山市7008558

WHO呼吁全球医疗保健工作者重视非癌症患者的安宁疗护实践,目前国内安宁疗护主要以癌症患者为中心,在心血管疾病等慢性病人群中的实践和发展相对薄弱。近年来,日本开展的心血管疾病安宁疗护经实践验证可有效缓解患者的终末期症状,提高... 详细信息

WHO呼吁全球医疗保健工作者重视非癌症患者的安宁疗护实践,目前国内安宁疗护主要以癌症患者为中心,在心血管疾病等慢性病人群中的实践和发展相对薄弱。近年来,日本开展的心血管疾病安宁疗护经实践验证可有效缓解患者的终末期症状,提高患者及家庭成员的生活质量。该文介绍了日本心血管疾病患者安宁疗护的发展历程、规模及需求、团队成员及协作、介入时间、评估与筛查、服务内容与流程、质量评价及困境等,提出对国内心血管疾病患者实施安宁疗护的启示,为开展心血管疾病患者的安宁疗护提供借鉴。

关键词：心血管疾病安宁疗护姑息护理