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Stigma and its impact on the families of former soldiers of the German Armed Forces: An exploratory study

Military Medical Research 2019年第2期6卷 143-158页

作者： katrin schuy Simone Dors Loni Brants Marie Horzetzky Gerd Willmund Andreas Strohle Peter Zimmermann Heinrich Rau Stefan Siegel Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Campus ChariteMitteCharite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany Psychotraumazentrum Military Hospital10115BerlinGermany

Background: Military families who have a family member with a mental illness see themselves confronted with many demands. Stigmatization is one of these challenges. Stigmatization affects not only the individual who suffers from a mental illness but also other family members via stigma by association and vicarious stigma. Stigma by association occurs when mental illness stigma spills over to individuals associated with an individual with a mental illness. Vicarious stigma describes the suffering of family members when they note the impact of stigma on their relative with mental illness. As a societal phenomenon, stigma plays out in social interactions and might therefore influence the social networks of families. It is also associated with healthcare ***: Narrative interviews were conducted with 15 family members(partners, spouses, parents and children) of former soldiers of the German Armed Forces with a service-induced mental illness. The transcribed interview data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, in which codes were formed and emerging themes were systemized. Relationships between stigma, the families’ reactions to it, its effects on their social relationships and its interference with their healthcare utilization were ***: This study provides a detailed description of how relatives of former German soldiers with mental health problems experience stigma by association and vicarious stigma. Their perceptions are shown in a model that describes stigma-related attitudes, reactions to them and their effects on the social relationships of former soldiers’ families. These families felt stigmatized because of the former soldiers’ mental illness(mental illness stigma) and the military context in which it occurred(former soldier stigma). They reacted with nondisclosure, anger, acceptance and self-blame. Stigma was associated with smaller and weaker social networks that were characterized by social exclusion, self-segregation a

关键词： Stigma by association Vicarious stigma Families Mental illness Veteran German Armed Forces

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PE/CaCO_3-nanocomposites synthesized by in-situ polymerization

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第7期8卷 987-990页

作者： SCHARLACH katrin KAMINSKY Walter Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 Hamburg 20146 Germany

Polyethylene-nanocomposites with CaCO3-weight fractions from 0 to 15 wt.% were prepared by in-situ polymerization with Me2Si（Ind）2ZrC12/MAO metallocene catalysts. A high activity especially in the presence of TIBA was observed. The morphology was investigated by using raster electron microscopy （REM） showing that the CaCO3-nanoparticles are uniformly distributed. The melting temperatures and the crystallization temperatures are not much influenced by increasing filler content.

关键词： Nanocomposites CaCO3 Polyethylene Metallocene catalysts

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Fine-tuning of cortical progenitor proliferation by thalamic afferents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第6期10卷 887-888页

作者： katrin Gerstmann Geraldine Zimmer Institute of Human Genetics Jena University HospitalFriedrich-Schiller-University Jena CGphi MC UMR CNRS 5534 University Claude Bernard Lyon

During cerebral cortical cortex neurogenesis two major types of progenitors generate a variety of morphologically and functionally diverse projection neurons destined for the different cortical layers in non-gyrified mice. Radial glia cells （RGCs） undergo mitosis in the cortical ventricular zone and exhibit an apical-basal cell polarity, whereas non-polar intermediate progenitor cells （IPCs） divide basally in the subventricular zone （Franco and Muller, 2013; Taverna et al., 2014）.

关键词： Eph Fine-tuning of cortical progenitor proliferation by thalamic afferents

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Subwavelength hybrid plasmonic structures for nonlinear nanophotonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第3期10卷 307-309页

作者： Ann-katrin U.Michel Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Plasmonic structures made of a semiconductor-insulator-metal hybrid provide efficient routes for second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation in sub-micrometer structures,which ultimately may boost on-chip integrated ... 详细信息

关键词： structures nonlinear plasmon

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Clash of the Cytokine Titans： counter-regulation of interleukin-1 and type I interferon-mediated inflammatory responses

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第1期14卷 22-35页

作者： katrin D Mayer-Barber Bo Yan Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health. Bethesda. MD 20892. USA

Over the past decades the notion of ＇inflammation＇ has been extended beyond the original hallmarks of rubor （redness）, calor （heat）, tumor （swelling） and dolor （pain） described by Celsus. We have gained a more detailed understanding of the cellular players and molecular mediators of inflammation which is now being applied and extended to areas of biomedical research such as cancer, obesity, heart disease, metabolism, auto-inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Innate cytokines are often central components of inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss how the type I interferon and interleukin-1 cytokine pathways represent distinct and specialized categories of inflammatory responses and how these key mediators of inflammation counter-regulate each other.

关键词： cytokines infection inflammation interleukin-1 tuberculosis type-1 interferons

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Product Variability of the ‘Cineole Cassette＇ Monoterpene Synthases of Related Nicotiana Species

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 965-984页

作者： Anke Fahnrich katrin Krause Birgit Piechulla University of Rostock Institute for Biological Sciences Albert-Einstein-Str. 3 18059 Rostock Germany

Nicotiana species of the section Alatae characteristically emit the floral scent compounds of the ＇cineole cassette＇ comprising 1,8-cineole, limonene, myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and α-terpineol. We successfully isolated genes of Nicotiana alata and Nicotiana langsdorfii that encoded enzymes, which produced the characteristic monoter- penes of this ＇cineole cassette＇ with α-terpineol being most abundant in the volatile spectra. The amino acid sequences of both terpineol synthases were 99% identical. The enzymes cluster in a monophyletic branch together with the closely related cineole synthase of Nicotiana suaveolens and monoterpene synthase 1 of Solanum lycopersicum. The cyclization reactions （α-terpineol to 1,8-cineole） of the terpineol synthases of N. alata and N. langsdorfii were less efficient compared to the ＇cineole cassette＇ monoterpene synthases of Arabidopsis thaliana, N. suaveolens, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia officinalis, and Citrus unshiu. The terpineol synthases of IV. alata and N. langsdorfii were localized in pistils and in the adaxial and abaxial epidermis of the petals. The enzyme activities reached their maxima at the second day after anthesis when flowers were fully opened and the enzyme activity in N. alata was highest at the transition from day to night （diurnal rhythm）.

关键词： Nicotiana alata Nicotiana langsdorfii cineole cassette terpineol synthase multiproduct enzyme monoterpene synthase 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol.

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Using the USLE: Chances, challenges and limitations of soil erosion modelling

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 203-225页

作者： Christine Alewell Pasquale Borrelli katrin Meusburger Panos Panagos Environmental Geosciences University of BaselSwitzerland Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland European Commission Joint Research CenterIspraItaly

To give soils and soil degradation,which are among the most crucial threats to ecosystem stability,social and political visibility,small and large scale modelling and mapping of soil erosion is *** most widely used approaches during an 80year history of erosion modelling are Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)-type based algorithms which have been applied in 109 *** soil erosion by water (excluding gully erosion and land sliding),we start this review with a statistical evaluation of nearly 2,000 publications).We discuss model developments which use USLE-type equations as basis or side modules,but we also address recent development of the single USLE parameters (R,K,LS,C,P).Importance,aim and limitations of model validation as well as a comparison of USLE-type models with other erosion assessment tools are *** comparisons demonstrate that the application of process-based physical models (e.g.,WEPP or PESERA) does not necessarily result in lower uncertainties compared to more simple structured empirical models such as USLE-type *** identified four key areas for future research:(i) overcoming the principally different nature of modelled (gross) versus measured (net) erosion rates,in coupling on-site erosion risk to runoff patterns,and depositional regime,(ii) using the recent increase in spatial resolution of remote sensing data to develop process based models for large scale applications,(iii) strengthen and extend measurement and monitoring programs to build up validation data sets,and (iv) rigorous uncertainty assessment and the application of objective evaluation criteria to soil erosion modelling.

关键词： Universal soil loss equation RUSLE CSLE Soil redistribution Soil degradation Water erosion Model Review

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Rodent epididymal cDNAs identified by sequence homology to human and canine counterparts

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第4期5卷 277-286页

作者： katrin Kppler-Hanno Christiane Kirchhoff IHF Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf D-20251 Hamburg GermanyIHF Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf D-20251 Hamburg Germany

Aim: Identification of the rodent counterparts of human and canine epididymal cDNAs HE3, HE4 and Ce8/Ly6G5C by sequence homology and analysis of their expression patterns and regulation level in the rat. Methods: 'Electronic screening' of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) and genomic databases, followed by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis. Results: Rodent ESTs and genomic sequences homologous to HE3, HE4 and Ce8/Ly6G5C were identified in the public databases and the 'full-length' rat cDNAs cloned. To emphasise their homology to the human and canine genes, they were named Me3/Re3, Me4/Re4 and Re8 for mouse and rat counterparts, respectively. mRNA expression patterns were analysed in rats, including rat HEl and HE5/CD52 counterparts as controls. Re3 and Re8 mRNAs were only found in the rat epididymis, while Re4 showed a broader tissue distribution. Within the epididymis, Re3 and Re4 mRNAs were detected in all regions; Re8, on the other hand, was restricted to the caput. During postnatal development, Re3 and control mRNAs were found from the earliest stages investigated, while Re8 mRNA was observed only from day 24 postnatum, corresponding to the onset of spermatogenesis in the prepubertal testis. Castration and testosterone supplementation of adult male rats suggested that none of the cloned mRNAs was directly androgen-regulated. Efferent duct ligation, however, showed that Re8 mRNA levels depended on testicular factors other than androgens. Conclusion: The novel rodent cDNAs can now be used to monitor epididymal gene expression more closely and to set up various regulatory and functional studies.

关键词： epididymis cDNA homology cloning HE3-, HE4- and Ce8-homologous proteins

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The role of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)in reducing pollution of the Arctic and around the globe

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 48-58页

作者： Lars-Otto Reiersen katrin Vorkamp Roland Kallenborn Arctic Knowledge Ltd Former Executive SecretaryArctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)OsloNorway Department of Environmental Science Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem(IJRC-AEE) Polar Academy(PA)Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinPR China Faculty of Chemistry Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)ÅsNorway University of the Arctic(UArctic) RovaniemiFinland

This article presents the initiation and implementation of a systematic scientific and political cooperation in the Arctic related to environmental pollution and climate change,with a special focus on the role of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP).The AMAP initiative has coordinated monitoring and assessments of environmental pollution across countries and parameters for the entire Arctic *** from a first scientific assessment in 1998,AMAP's work has been fundamental in recognizing,understanding and addressing environmental and human health issues in the Arctic,including those of persistent organic pollutants(POPs),mercury,radioactivity,oil,acidification and climate *** scientific results have contributed at local and international levels to define and take measures towards reducing the pollution not only in the Arctic,but of the whole globe,especially the contaminant exposure of indigenous and local communities with a traditional *** results related to climate change have documented the rapid changes in the Arctic and the strong feedback between the Arctic and the rest of the *** lessons learned from the work in the Arctic can be beneficial for other regions where contaminants may accumulate and affect local and indigenous peoples living in a traditional way,*** the *** cooperation is indispensable in reducing the longrange transported pollution in the Arctic.

关键词： Climate change Heavy metals Human health Indigenous peoples Persistent organic pollutants Radioactivity

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Potential role of chitinase 3-like-1 in inflammation-associated carcinogenic changes of epithelial cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5249-5259页

作者： katrin Eurich Mayuko Segawa Satoko Toei-Shimizu Emiko Mizoguchi Gastrointestinal Unit Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States

The family of mammalian chitinases includes members both with and without glycohydrolase enzymatic activity against chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. Chitin is the structural component of fungi, crustaceans, insects and parasitic nematodes, but is completely absent in mammals. Exposure to antigens containing chitin- or chitin-like structures sometimes induces strong T helper type-I responses in mammals, which may be associated with the induction of mammalian chitinases. Chitinase 3-like-1 （CHI3L1）, a member of the mammalian chitinase family, is induced specifically during the course of inflammation in such disorders as inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis and asthma. In addition, CHI3L1 is expressed and secreted by several types of solid tumors including glioblastoma, colon cancer, breast cancer and malignant melanoma. Although the exact function of CHI3L1 in inflammation and cancer is still largely unknown, CHI3L1 plays a pivotal role in exacerbating the inflammatory processes and in promoting angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. CHI3L1 may be highly involved in the chronic engagement of inflammation which potentiates development of epithelial tumorigenesis presumably by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the protein kinase B signaling pathways. Anti-CHI3L1 antibodies or pan-chitinase inhibitors may have the potential to suppress CHI3Ll-mediated chronic inflammation and the subsequent carcinogenic change in epithelial cells.

关键词： Mammals Chitinase 3-1ike 1 Colon Epithelial cells Inflammation Colitis Colon neoplasms Inflammatory bowel disease

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