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Pancreatic cancer–Palliative therapy: chemotherapy

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The Chinese-German journal of Clinical Oncology 2007年第2期6卷 142-148页

作者： Anne katrin Berger Dirk jger Medizinische Onkologie Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen Universittsklinik Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 350 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Single-agent Gemcitabine has been the standard treatment for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the past years. Due to the aggressive and often chemotherapy-refractory character of this malignancy, systemic treatment options still remain limited. Many combination therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials to improve survival over Gemcitabine alone, until recently without satisfying results. Based on the positive results of a recent randomized trial, the combination of Gemcitabine and Capecitabine might become a new standard as first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. The clinical advantage of Erlotinib as a novel targeted agent in combination with Gemcitabine seems to be only marginal. Due to the small number of studies, there is still no standard of care in second-line therapy, but Oxaliplatin seems to be an active treatment option in Gemcitabine refractory disease. This article will review the development of cytotoxic antitumoral treatment for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (locally advanced, irresectable and/or metastatic disease) including monotherapies and newer approaches with combination therapies.

关键词：胰腺癌姑息疗法化疗腺癌吉西他宾

Methods for measuring pre-,intra-,and postoperative skin thickness for cochlear implants

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journal of Otology 2022年第2期17卷 72-77页

作者： Lena Zaubitzer Elena Schaefer Elisabeth Wallhaeuser-Franke johannes Burkart katrin Herrmann Beatrice Walter Angela Schell Claudia Scherl jerome Servais Daniel Haeussler Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital MannheimMedical Faculty MannheimRuprecht-Karls-Universitat HeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital MannheimMedical Faculty MannheimRuprecht-Karls-Universitat HeidelbergGermany

Objective:This study was conducted to determine whether there is a reliable method for measuring the thickness of the retroauricular skin before,during,and after cochlear implantation,which allows the assessment of the optimal force of the external magnet of the cochlear implant(CI).Methods:The retroauricular skin thickness of 83 patients who received a CI was measured using three different *** thickness was measured on pre-and postoperative CT images,as well as *** magnet category chosen by the surgeon was recorded when the implant was switched on and during the first follow-up *** analyses were performed on the different skin thickness measurements and between the skin thickness and magnet strength ***:Only six patients required an exchange of the magnet until the *** the median absolute thickness differed significantly between the three measures(p<0.0001),their thickness values showed highly significant correlations(Pearson’s r=0.457-0.585;p<0.01).In addition,magnet strength,was significantly correlated with the flap thickness determined pre-,post-,and during *** lowest correlation with magnet strength was found in the intraoperative needle ***:All three measurements methods provided a suitable base for determining the ideal magnetic ***,of particular interest were the pre-and postoperative CT *** first enabled the early assessment of the required magnetic strength and thus a timely postoperative supply,whereas the latter helped to estimate the need for magnetic strength reduction during follow-up care and the feasibility of an early swith-on.

关键词： Cochlear implant Headpiece Magnet strength Flap thickness

High-resolution 1D moire s as counterfeit security features

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 119-123页

作者： Victor j Cadarso Sylvain Chosson katrin Sidler Roger D Hersch jurgen Brugger Microsystems laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Peripheral Systems Laboratory EPFLLausanne 1015Switzerland

A moireis an interference pattern that appears when two different periodic structures are *** image created is extremely sensitive to small variations in the original layers and is thus very interesting for anti-counterfeit *** present a microfabricated 1D moire enabling complex high-resolution patterns as a significantly improved security feature that cannot be reproduced using standard printing ***,we demonstrate,theoretically and experimentally,that a microscopic deviation from the original design results in a macroscopic variation in the moire that is clearly visible to the naked *** record resolution achieved in the elements fabricated and the increased design freedom,make these high-resolution moires excellent candidates for a variety of visually appealing security applications.

关键词： anti-counterfeiting micro-optical devices moire´effect optical security

Evaluating rock mass disturbance within open-pit excavations using seismic methods:A case study from the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第3期13卷 500-512页

作者： Antony Butcher Anna L.Stork james P.Verdon j-Michael Kendall katrin Plenkers Finlay Booth Marcus Boneham Adrian Koe School of Earth Sciences University of BristolWills Memorial BuildingQueen’s RoadBristolBS81RJUK Department of Earth Sciences University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13ANUK Gesellschaft für Materialprüfung und Geophysik(GMuG) Bad Nauheim61231Germany Mott MacDonald 10 Temple BackBristolBS16FLUK Atkins The Hub500 Park AvenueAztec WestBristolBS324RZUK Atkins The Axis10 Holliday StreetBirminghamB11TFUK

Understanding rock strength is essential when undertaking major excavation projects,as accurate assessments ensure both safe and cost-effective engineered *** the cost-safety trade-off becomes more imperative during the construction of critical infrastructure such as nuclear power stations,where key components are built within relatively deep *** these engineered slopes is reliant on rock strength models,which are generally parameterised using estimates of rock properties(*** compressive strength,rock disturbance)measured prior to the commencement of ***,the physical process of excavation weakens the remaining rock ***,the model also requires an adjustment for the anticipated rock *** practice,this parameter is difficult to quantify and as a result it is often poorly *** can have a significant impact on the final design and cost of *** present results from passive and active seismic surveys,which image the extent and degree of disturbance within recently excavated slopes at the construction site of Hinkley Point C nuclear power *** from active seismic surveys indicate that the disturbance is primarily confined to 0.5 m from the excavated *** conjunction,passive monitoring is used to detected seismic events corresponding to fracturing on the cm-scale and event locations are in agreement with 0.5 m of disturbance into the rock *** suggests rock disturbance at this site is relatively low and occurred during and immediately after the excavation.A ratio of seismic velocities recorded before and after excavations are used to determine the disturbance parameter required for the Hoek eBrown rock failure criterion,and we assess that rock disturbance is low with the magnitude of the disturbance diminishing more quickly than expected into the excavated *** methods provide a low-cost and quick method to assess excavation related rock mass disturbance,

关键词： Rock mass strength Rock disturbance Seismic tomography Piezoelectric surveys Picoseismicity Acoustic emissions

Effects of Carbon Content and Solidification Rate on the Thermal Conductivity of Grey Cast Iron

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第2期13卷 170-176页

作者： Daniel Holmgren Attila Diószegi Ingvar L. svensson Department of Mechanical Engineering and Component Technology Jnkping University

The thermal conductivity/diffusivity of pearlitic grey irons with various carbon contents was investigated by the laser flash method. The materials were cast in controlled thermal environments producing three dissimilar cooling rates. The cooling rates together with the carbon content largely influence the thermal conductivity of grey iron. Linear relationships exist between the thermal conductivity and the carbon content, the carbon equivalent, and the fraction of the former primary solidified austenite transformed into pearlite. The results show that the optimal thermal transport properties are obtained at medium cooling rates. Equations are given for the thermal conductivity of pearlite, solidified as pre-eutectic austenite, and the eutectic of grey iron. The thermal conductivity of pearlitic grey iron is modelled at both room temperature and elevated temperatures with good accuracy.

关键词： grey iron thermal conductivity thermal diffusivity carbon content carbon equivalent color etching graphite morphology eutectic cell size

A review of chlorinated paraffin contamination in Arctic ecosystems

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 219-231页

作者： katrin Vorkamp jennifer Balmer Hayley Hung Robert j.Letcher Frank F.Riget Aarhus University Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme TromsøNorway Environment and Climate Change Canada Air Quality Processes Research SectionTorontoCanada Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaCanada Aarhus University Department of BioscienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Greenland Institute of Natural Resources NuukGreenland Present address:The Citadel Department of BiologyCharlestonSCUSA

Chlorinated paraffins(CPs)present a complex mixture of congeners which are often analysed and assessed as short-,medium-and long-chain CPs,***(C10eC13),SMCCP(C14eC17)and SLCCP(C18).Their complexity makes the chemical analysis challenging,in particular in terms of accurate quantification,but promising developments involving ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry have been presented *** Arctic data exist for SCCPs,while LCCPs have not yet been studied in the *** concentrations in Arctic air often exceeded those of SMCCP,usually with a predominance of the most volatile C10 congeners,and of banned persistent organic pollutants(POPs),such as polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).The presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in Arctic air,as well as in the Antarctic and in the remote regions of the Tibetan plateau,provides evidence of their long-range transport including sufficient environmental persistence to reach the *** vegetation accumulated SCCPs partly from air and partly through root uptake from soil,with consequences for the SCCP profile found in Arctic *** results have yet been reported for CPs in terrestrial Arctic *** for freshwater sediment and fish confirmed the long-range transport of SCCPs and MCCPs and documented their *** additional PCB data were available,SPCB was usually higher than SSCCP in freshwater *** SCCPs and MCCPs were widely present in marine Arctic biota(***,fish,seabirds,seals,whales,polar bears).In mussels and Atlantic cod,SMCCP concentrations exceeded those of SSCCP,while this was less clear for other marine *** mammals and the long-lived Greenland shark roughly had SSCCP concentrations of 100e500 ng/g lipid weight,often dominated by C11 *** appeared to be more pronounced for SSCCP than for SMCCP,but more studies will be *** SSCCP concentrations were observed in Arctic air and sediment over time,but not in beluga monitored since

关键词： Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Long-range transport MCCPs Persistent organic pollutants SCCPs

Transcription factor TFE3 enhances cell cycle and cancer progression by binding to the hTERT promoter

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Cancer Communications 2021年第12期41卷 1423-1426页

作者： Beiping Miao Chaoyang Zhang Nadine Stroh Lukas Brenner katrin Hufnagel jörg DHoheisel Obul Reddy Bandapalli Division of Functional Genome Analysis German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden-Württemberg 69120Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergBaden-Württemberg 69120Germany Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden-Württemberg 69120Germany

Dear Editor,Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes and are essential for chromosome stability and *** progressively get shorter with cell division,eventually resulting in cell proliferation *** process is considered a barrier to tumor occurrence[1,2].Abnormally activated telomerase with constitutive telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)expression is a hallmark of almost all human tumors[3].Some genomic alterations in the human TERT(hTERT)promoter are associated with activation of hTERT transcription in various cancer types[4].

关键词： alterations cancer eventually

Effects of carbon content and solidification rate on thermal conductivity of grey cast iron

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China Foundry 2007年第3期4卷 210-214页

作者： Daniel Holmgren Attila Diószegi Ingvar L.svensson jnkping University Dept. of Mechanical Engineering/Component TechnologyJnkpingSE-551 11Sweden

The thermal conductivity or diffusivity of pearlitic grey irons with various carbon contents is investigated by the laser flash method. The materials are cast in controlled thermal environments and produced in three dissimilar cooling rates. The cooling rate together with the carbon content largely influence the thermal conductivity of grey iron. Linear relationships exist between the thermal conductivity and the carbon content,the carbon equivalent and the fraction of former primary solidified austenite transformed into pearlite. The work shows that optimal thermal transport properties are obtained at medium cooling rates. Equations describing the thermal conductivity of pearlite,solidified as pre-eutectic austenite,and the eutectic of grey iron are derived. The thermal conductivity of pearlitic grey iron is modeled at both room temperature and elevated temperature with good accuracy.

关键词：灰口铁铸件热传导率热扩散率石墨

Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)contamination in the Arctic environment:A review

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 116-122页

作者： jennifer E.Balmer Hayley Hung katrin Vorkamp Robert j.Letcher Derek C.G.Muir Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Fram CentrePO Box 6606 Langnes9296TromsøNorway Department of Biology The Citadel171 Moultrie StreetCharlestonSC29409USA Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change Canada4905 Dufferin StreetTorontoOntarioM3H 5T4Canada Aarhus University Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreFrederiksborgvej 3994000RoskildeDenmark Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityRaven RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0H3Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland Waters867 Lakeshore RoadBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada

Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)is a halogenated hydrocarbon that is primarily produced as an unintentional byproduct in the manufacture of chlorinated *** between HCBD and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs)led to its listing in 2015 for global regulation under the Stockholm Convention on ***'s toxicity and propensity for long-range transport means there is special concern for its potential impacts on Arctic *** present review comprehensively summarizes all available information of the occurrence of HCBD in the Arctic environment,including its atmospheric,terrestrial,freshwater and marine ecosystems and ***,reports of HCBD in Arctic environmental media are *** has been measured in Arctic air collected from monitoring stations in Finland and Canada,yet there is a dearth of data for other abiotic matrices(***,sediments,glacier ice,freshwaters and seawater).Low HCBD concentrations have been measured in Arctic terrestrial and marine biota,which is consistent with laboratory studies that indicate that HCBD has the potential to bioaccumulate,but not to *** data for Arctic biota suggest that terrestrial birds and mammals and seabirds,have comparatively higher HCBD concentrations than fish and marine mammals,warranting additional *** spatial and temporal trends in HCBD concentrations in the Arctic are currently limited,future monitoring of HCBD in the Arctic will be important for assessing the impact of global regulations newly-imposed by the Stockholm Convention on POPs.

关键词： POPs Air Biota Contaminants Long-range transport Review