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environmentally Responsible Lightweight Passenger Vehicle Design and Manufacturing

Automotive Innovation 2023年第3期6卷 300-310页

作者： Glenn S.daehn katrin e.daehn Oliver Kuttner Department of Materials Science and engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Department of Materials Science and engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA edision2 CharlottesvilleUSA

The mass reduction of passenger vehicles has been a great focus of academic research and federal policy initiatives of the United States with coordinated funding efforts and even a focus of a Manufacturing USA *** potential benefit of these programs can be described as modest from a societal point of view,for example reducing vehicle mass by up to 25%with modest cost implications(under$5 per pound saved)and the ability to implement with existing manufacturing *** more aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas production are necessary and possible,while delivering the same *** is demonstrated with a higher-level design thinking exercise on an environmentally responsible lightweight vehicle,leading to the following criteria:lightweight,low aerodynamic drag,long-lived(over 30 years and 2 million miles),adaptable,electric,and used in a shared manner on average over 8 h per *** these specifications,passenger-mile demand may be met with around 1/10 of the current *** vehicles would likely have significantly different designs and construction than incumbent *** is likely future automotive production will be more analogous to current aircraft produc-tion with higher costs per pound and lower volumes,but with dramatically reduced financial and environmental cost per passenger mile,with less material per vehicle,and far less material required in the national or worldwide *** benefits of this vision include far fewer parking lots,greater accessibility to personal transportation,and improved pedestrian safety,while maintaining a vibrant and engaging *** systemic changes to the business models and research and development directions(including lightweight design and manufacturing)are discussed,which could bring forth far more sustainable personal transportation.

关键词： Sustainability Personal transportation Lighgweighting Design

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Towards an enhanced understanding of the particle size effect on conversion/alloying lithium-ion anodes

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Materials Futures 2024年第1期3卷 150-164页

作者： Jakob Asenbauer Dominik Horny Mayokun Olutogun katrin Schulz Dominic Bresser Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU) 89081 UlmGermany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) 76021 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Applied Materials(IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76131 KarlsruheGermany Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences 76133 KarlsruheGermany

Conversion/alloying materials(CAMs)represent a potential alternative to graphite as a Li-ion anode active material,especially for high-power *** far,however,essentially all studies on CAMs have been dealing with nano-sized particles,leaving the question of how the performance(and the de-/lithiation mechanism in general)is affected by the particle ***,we comparatively investigate four different samples of Zn_(0.9)Co_(0.1)O with a particle size ranging from about 30 nm to a few *** results show that electrodes made of larger particles are more susceptible to fading due to particle displacement and particle *** results also show that the conversion-type reaction in particular is affected by an increasing particle size,becoming less reversible due to the formation of relatively large transition metal(TM)and alloying metal nanograins upon lithiation,thus hindering an efficient electron transport within the initial particle,while the alloying contribution remains essentially *** generality of these findings is confirmed by also investigating Sn_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(2) as a second CAM with a substantially greater contribution of the alloying reaction and employing Fe instead of Co as a TM dopant.

关键词： particle size conversion alloying anode lithium-ion battery

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Hybrid multimode - multicore fibre based holographic endoscope for deep-tissue neurophotonics

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第3期3卷 84-92页

作者： Yang Du Sergey Turtaev Ivo T Leite Adrian Lorenz Jens Kobelke katrin Wondraczek Tomas Cizmar Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Straβe 9Jena07745Germany Institute of Scientific Instruments of CAS Kralovopolska 147Brno61264Czechia Institute of Applied Optics Friedrich Schiller University JenaFrobelstieg 107743 JenaGermany

In-vivo microendoscopy in animal models became a groundbreaking technique in neuroscience that rapidly expands our understanding of the *** hair-thin endoscopes based on multimode fibres are now opening up the prospect of ultra-minimally invasive neuroimaging of deeply located brain *** these advancements with methods of functional imaging and optogenetics,as well as extending its applicability to awake and motile animals constitute the most pressing challenges for this *** we demonstrate a novel fibre design capable of both,high-resolution imaging in immobilised animals and bending-resilient optical addressing of neurons in motile *** optimised refractive index profile and the probe structure allowed reaching a spatial resolution of 2μm across a 230μm field of view for the initial layout of the ***,the fibre exhibits negligible cross-talk between individual inner-cores during fibre *** work provides a technological solution for imaging-assisted spatially selective photo-activation and activity monitoring in awake and freely moving animal models.

关键词： Multimode fibre Multicore fibre Fibre-based imaging Microendoscopy endomicroscopy Holographic endoscopy

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Using the USLe: Chances, challenges and limitations of soil erosion modelling

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 203-225页

作者： Christine Alewell Pasquale Borrelli katrin Meusburger Panos Panagos environmental Geosciences University of BaselSwitzerland Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland european Commission Joint Research CenterIspraItaly

To give soils and soil degradation,which are among the most crucial threats to ecosystem stability,social and political visibility,small and large scale modelling and mapping of soil erosion is *** most widely used approaches during an 80year history of erosion modelling are Universal Soil Loss equation (USLe)-type based algorithms which have been applied in 109 *** soil erosion by water (excluding gully erosion and land sliding),we start this review with a statistical evaluation of nearly 2,000 publications).We discuss model developments which use USLe-type equations as basis or side modules,but we also address recent development of the single USLe parameters (R,K,LS,C,P).Importance,aim and limitations of model validation as well as a comparison of USLe-type models with other erosion assessment tools are *** comparisons demonstrate that the application of process-based physical models (e.g.,WePP or PeSeRA) does not necessarily result in lower uncertainties compared to more simple structured empirical models such as USLe-type *** identified four key areas for future research:(i) overcoming the principally different nature of modelled (gross) versus measured (net) erosion rates,in coupling on-site erosion risk to runoff patterns,and depositional regime,(ii) using the recent increase in spatial resolution of remote sensing data to develop process based models for large scale applications,(iii) strengthen and extend measurement and monitoring programs to build up validation data sets,and (iv) rigorous uncertainty assessment and the application of objective evaluation criteria to soil erosion modelling.

关键词： Universal soil loss equation RUSLe CSLe Soil redistribution Soil degradation Water erosion Model Review

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Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)contamination in the Arctic environment:A review

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emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 116-122页

作者： Jennifer e.Balmer Hayley Hung katrin Vorkamp Robert J.Letcher Derek C.G.Muir Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Fram CentrePO Box 6606 Langnes9296TromsøNorway Department of Biology The Citadel171 Moultrie StreetCharlestonSC29409USA Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change Canada4905 Dufferin StreetTorontoOntarioM3H 5T4Canada Aarhus University Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreFrederiksborgvej 3994000RoskildeDenmark ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityRaven RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0H3Canada environment and Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland Waters867 Lakeshore RoadBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada

Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)is a halogenated hydrocarbon that is primarily produced as an unintentional byproduct in the manufacture of chlorinated *** between HCBD and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs)led to its listing in 2015 for global regulation under the Stockholm Convention on ***'s toxicity and propensity for long-range transport means there is special concern for its potential impacts on Arctic *** present review comprehensively summarizes all available information of the occurrence of HCBD in the Arctic environment,including its atmospheric,terrestrial,freshwater and marine ecosystems and ***,reports of HCBD in Arctic environmental media are *** has been measured in Arctic air collected from monitoring stations in Finland and Canada,yet there is a dearth of data for other abiotic matrices(***,sediments,glacier ice,freshwaters and seawater).Low HCBD concentrations have been measured in Arctic terrestrial and marine biota,which is consistent with laboratory studies that indicate that HCBD has the potential to bioaccumulate,but not to *** data for Arctic biota suggest that terrestrial birds and mammals and seabirds,have comparatively higher HCBD concentrations than fish and marine mammals,warranting additional *** spatial and temporal trends in HCBD concentrations in the Arctic are currently limited,future monitoring of HCBD in the Arctic will be important for assessing the impact of global regulations newly-imposed by the Stockholm Convention on POPs.

关键词： POPs Air Biota Contaminants Long-range transport Review

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Difficulties in the Use of Ground Bacterial Cellulose(BC)as Reinforcement of Polylactid Acid(PLA)Using Melt-Mixing and extrusion Technologies

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2012年第3期2卷 97-103页

作者： katrin Ganβ Axel Nechwatal katrin Frankenfeld Kerstin Schlufter Department of Textile and Material Research Thueringisches Institut fuer Textil und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V.RudolstadtGermany Department Biotechnology fzmb GmbH Forschungszentrum für Medizintechnik und BiotechnologieBad LangensalzaGermany Thueringer Landesamt fuer Lebensmittelsicherheit und Verbraucherschutz(TLLV) Bad LangensalzaGermany

Bacterial cellulose (BC) was ground to make the material suitable for compounding with polylactid acid (PLA). The content of BC in PLA was changed between 5 and 20 wt%. By increasing the BC content of the composite DSC measurements showed an increase of crystallinity (χ c ). Annealing at 90?C resulted in a further increase of χ c . Analysis of the dynamic mechanical behavior showed a sharp decline of the storage module (G’) above the glass transition temperature (T g ) while such a sharp decline did not occur for annealed samples. This indicates that the stiffness of PLA even above T g can be improved by BC and annealing.

关键词： Polymer-Matrix Composite extrusion Bacterial Cellulose

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Transplantation of bone marrow derived macrophages reduces markers of neuropathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 412-422页

作者： Luís Costa-Marques katrin Arnold Marie-Christine Pardon Christiane Leovsky Samantha Swarbrick Claire Fabian Alexandra Stolzing Centre for Biological engineering School of MechanicalElectrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityEpinal WayLoughboroughUK Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology LeipzigGermany School of Life Sciences Queens Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Leipzig University LeipzigGermany

Background:We investigated early hallmarks of putative therapeutic effects following systemic transplantation of bone marrow derived macrophages(BM-M)in APP/PS1 transgenic ***:BM-M were transplanted into the tail vein and the animals analysed 1 month ***:BM-M transplantation promoted the reduction of the amyloid beta[37-42]plaque number and size in the cortex and hippocampus of the treated mice,but no change in the more heavily modified pyroglutamate amyloid beta e3 *** number of phenotypically‘small’microglia increased in the *** size decreased overall,indicating a reduction of activated *** expression of interleukin 6 and 10,interferongamma,and prostaglandin e receptor 2 was significantly lower in the hippocampus,while interleukin 10 expression was elevated in the cortex of the treated ***:BM-M systemically transplanted,promote a decrease in neuroinflammation and a limited reversion of amyloid *** exploratory study may support the potential of BM-M or microglia-like cell therapy and further illuminates the mechanisms of action associated with such transplants.

关键词： Amyloid beta Microglia Alzheimer’s disease Cell therapy Neuroinflammation

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In Vivo Function of Tic22, a Protein Import Component of the Intermembrane Space of Chloroplasts

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 817-829页

作者： Mareike Rudolf Anu B. Machettira Lucia e. Groβ katrin L. Weber Kathrin Bolte Tihana Bionda Maik S. Sommer Uwe G. Maier Andreas RM. Weber enrico Schleiff Joanna Tripp Department of Biosciences Molecular Cell Biology of Plants Center of Membrane Proteomics and Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Goethe University Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt Germany Institute of Plant Biochemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Universitatsstr. 1 D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany Cell Biology Philipps University Marburg Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8 D-35032 Marburg Germany LOeWe Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Hans-Meerwein-Str. D-35032 Marburg Germany

Preprotein import into chloroplasts depends on macromolecular machineries in the outer and inner chloroplast envelope membrane （TOC and TIC）. It was suggested that both machineries are interconnected by components of the intermembrane space （IMS）. That is, amongst others, Tic22, of which two closely related isoforms exist in Arabidopsis thaliana, namely atTic22-III and atTic22-IV. We investigated the function of Tic22 in vivo by analyzing T-DNA insertion lines of the corresponding genes. While the T-DNA insertion in the individual genes caused only slight defects, a double mutant of both isoforms showed retarded growth, a pale phenotype under high-light conditions, a reduced import rate, and a reduction in the photosynthetic performance of the plants. The latter is supported by changes in the metabolite content of mutant plants when compared to wild-type. Thus, our results support the notion that Tic22 is directly involved in chloroplast preprotein import and might point to a particular importance of Tic22 in chloroplast biogenesis at times of high import rates.

关键词： protein translocation TOC and TIC intermembrane space translocon chloroplast biogenesis metabolitecontent.

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Levels and trends of current-use pesticides(CUPs)in the arctic:An updated review,2010-2018

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emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 70-88页

作者： Jennifer e.Balmer Adam D.Morris Hayley Hung Liisa Jantunen katrin Vorkamp Frank Riget Marlene evans Magali Houde Derek C.G.Muir Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Fram CentrePO Box 6606Langnes9296TromsøNorway Department of Biology The Citadel171 Moultrie StreetCharlestonSCUSA environment and Climate Change Canada National Wildlife Research CenterOttawaCanada Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoOntarioCanada Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change CanadaEgbertOntarioCanada Aarhus University Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Aarhus University Department of BioscienceRoskildeDenmark Aquatic ecosystem Protection Research Division Environment Canada11 Innovation BlvdSaskatoonSKS7N 3H5Canada environment and Climate Change Canada St.Lawrence CenterMontrealQuebecCanada environment and Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland WatersBurlingtonOntarioCanada

Global regulations and many regional and national controls restrict the use of substances that exhibit the potential for environmental persistence and long-range ***,many current-use pesticides(CUPs)continue to be newly discovered in remote regions,including the *** present review serves as an update,summarizing newly available information for CUPs in the Arctic environment and biota published from 2010 to *** 2010,at least seven new CUPs have been measured in Arctic media:2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(MCPA),metribuzin,pendimethalin,phosalone,quizalofop-ethyl,tefluthrin and *** the large number of pesticides in current use,the number measured in the Arctic is very limited,however,modelling studies have identified additional CUPs as potential Arctic contaminants that have yet to be investigated in the *** to their recent detection,reports of CUPs in the Arctic are limited,but *** have been reported in a wide range of abiotic Arctic matrices,including air,snow,ice,freshwater and seawater,indicating their capacity for long-range atmospheric transport,however,concentrations are generally low in comparison to legacy pesticides and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs).Recent food-web studies indicate CUPs can enter Arctic terrestrial and marine food chains,however,in contrast to POPs,the highest concentrations of many CUPs were found in lower trophic-level organisms,and the lowest concentrations detected in animals at the highest trophic levels(i.e,ringed seals,polar bear,caribou,and wolves)indicating significant trophic *** detection of CUPs in the remote Arctic ecosystem reinforces the need for continued monitoring of both known and potential Arctic pollutants to prevent impacts on human and environmental health as the global arsenal of pesticides used in agriculture continuously changes.

关键词： POPs Contaminants Air Biota Long-range transport Persistence

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A review of chlorinated paraffin contamination in Arctic ecosystems

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emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 219-231页

作者： katrin Vorkamp Jennifer Balmer Hayley Hung Robert J.Letcher Frank F.Riget Aarhus University Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme TromsøNorway environment and Climate Change Canada Air Quality Processes Research SectionTorontoCanada ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaCanada Aarhus University Department of BioscienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Greenland Institute of Natural Resources NuukGreenland Present address:The Citadel Department of BiologyCharlestonSCUSA

Chlorinated paraffins(CPs)present a complex mixture of congeners which are often analysed and assessed as short-,medium-and long-chain CPs,***(C10eC13),SMCCP(C14eC17)and SLCCP(C18).Their complexity makes the chemical analysis challenging,in particular in terms of accurate quantification,but promising developments involving ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry have been presented *** Arctic data exist for SCCPs,while LCCPs have not yet been studied in the *** concentrations in Arctic air often exceeded those of SMCCP,usually with a predominance of the most volatile C10 congeners,and of banned persistent organic pollutants(POPs),such as polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).The presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in Arctic air,as well as in the Antarctic and in the remote regions of the Tibetan plateau,provides evidence of their long-range transport including sufficient environmental persistence to reach the *** vegetation accumulated SCCPs partly from air and partly through root uptake from soil,with consequences for the SCCP profile found in Arctic *** results have yet been reported for CPs in terrestrial Arctic *** for freshwater sediment and fish confirmed the long-range transport of SCCPs and MCCPs and documented their *** additional PCB data were available,SPCB was usually higher than SSCCP in freshwater *** SCCPs and MCCPs were widely present in marine Arctic biota(***,fish,seabirds,seals,whales,polar bears).In mussels and Atlantic cod,SMCCP concentrations exceeded those of SSCCP,while this was less clear for other marine *** mammals and the long-lived Greenland shark roughly had SSCCP concentrations of 100e500 ng/g lipid weight,often dominated by C11 *** appeared to be more pronounced for SSCCP than for SMCCP,but more studies will be *** SSCCP concentrations were observed in Arctic air and sediment over time,but not in beluga monitored since

关键词： Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Long-range transport MCCPs Persistent organic pollutants SCCPs

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