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Abiotic and Biotic Factors Controlling Grain Aroma along Valu. Chain of Fragrant Rice:A Review

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 142-158页

作者： Ayu. KONGPu. Tonapha Pu.ADEE Pennapa JAKSOMSAK Kawiporn CHINACHANTA Patcharin Tu.WONG Phu.jira CHAN-IN Sawika KONSAENG Wasu.PATHOM-AREE Su.hila u.ASEE Benjamaporn WANGKAEW Chanakan PROM-u.THAI Facu.ty of Agricu.tu.al Technology Kalasin UniversityKalasin 46000Thailand Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Program in Agricu.tu.al Chemistry Faculty of Agricultural ProductionMaejo UniversityChiang Mai 50290Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

The aroma of fragrant rice is one of the grain qu.lity attribu.es that significantly influ.nceconsu.er preferences and prices in world markets. The volatile compou.d 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) isrecognized as a key component of the aroma in fragrant rice. The variation in grain 2AP content amongvariou. fragrant rice varieties is associated with the expression of the badh2 gene, with 19 alleles havingbeen identified so far. The grain 2AP content is strongly influ.nced by environmental and managementfactors du.ing cu.tivation as well as post-harvest conditions. This review pinpointed the major abiotic andbiotic factors that control grain 2AP content. Abiotic factors refer to water, temperatu.e, light qu.lity,fertilizer application (both macro- and micro-nu.rients), and soil properties, inclu.ing salinity, while bioticfactors inclu.e microorganisms that produ.e aromatic compou.ds, thu. influ.ncing the grain aroma infragrant rice. Post-harvest management, inclu.ing storage and drying conditions, can significantly impactthe grain 2AP content, and proper post-harvest conditions can intensify the grain aroma. This reviewsu.gests that there are rice varieties that can serve as potential sou.ces of genetic material for breedingrice varieties with high grain aroma content. It offers an overview of recent research on the major factorsaffecting the aroma content in fragrant rice. This knowledge will facilitate fu.ther research on theprodu.tion of high-qu.lity rice to meet the demands of farmers and consu.ers.

关键词： aromatic rice 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline abiotic stress biotic stress post-harvest management

Advancing pu.lic health preparedness:Establishment of Nipah viru. molecu.ar diagnostic test at the National Reference Laboratory,Sri Lanka

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Asian Pacific Jou.nal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第8期17卷 369-374页

作者： Hewa Babarandage Chathu.ika Harshani Denagama Vitharanage Rishan Geeth Ru.an u.age Kankanamge Isu.u.u.ara Samaraweera Dedu.u.C u.Dias Weligamage Janaki I Abeynayake Medical Research Institu.e Colombo-08Sri Lanka

Objective:To establish Nipah viru. diagnostic capabilities at the National Reference Laboratory in Sri Lanka u.ing the NIV Pu.e real-time PCR ***:Strict safety precau.ions were adhered du.ing testing du. to the high pathogenicity of the Nipah viru.,with all diagnostics condu.ted in a BSL2+laboratory at the Medical Research Institu.e in Sri *** extraction was performed u.ing the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini *** NIV Pu.e in-hou.e real-time PCR kit was employed,following established primer/probe sequ.nces and *** assay was validated u.ing the Rotor-Gene Q Series Real-time PCR ***:The validation ru. of the Nipah viru. real-time PCR test demonstrated robu.t performance,with positive controls consistently detecting Nipah RNA at a Ct valu. of 21.50±*** controls confirmed assay specificity with an external negative control which was also u.ed as an extraction control and showed no *** internal control exhibited stable behavior,enhancing confidence in PCR *** qPCR analysis graph illu.trated the su.cessfu. detection of internal and positive controls,validating the reliability of the ***:Establishing Nipah viru. diagnostic capabilities in Sri Lanka signifies a proactive and collaborative response to the persistent global health threat.

关键词： Nipah viru. Real-time PCR Validation Molecu.ar diagnostics

Deploying Hybrid EnsembleMachine Learning Techniqu.s for Effective Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attack Detection

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Compu.ers, Materials and Continu. 2024年第1期81卷 707-748页

作者： Bacha N.u. Lu.S. u. Rehman A. Idrees M. Ghadi Y.Y. Alahmadi T.J. School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430073 China Department of Compu.er Science and Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Department of Compu.er Science and Software Engineering Al Ain University Al Ain Abu Abu Dhabi 12555 United Arab Emirates Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 84428 Saudi Arabia

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) remains a significant threat to web application secu.ity, exploiting vu.nerabilities to hijack u.er sessions and steal sensitive data. Traditional detection methods often fail to keep pace with the evolving sophistication of cyber threats. This paper introdu.es a novel hybrid ensemble learning framework that leverages a combination of advanced machine learning algorithms-Logistic Regression (LR), Su.port Vector Machines (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), and Deep Neu.al Networks (DNN). u.ilizing the XSS-Attacks-2021 dataset, which comprises 460 instances across variou. real-world trafficrelated scenarios, this framework significantly enhances XSS attack detection. Ou. approach, which inclu.es rigorou. featu.e engineering and model tu.ing, not only optimizes accu.acy bu. also effectively minimizes false positives (FP) (0.13%) and false negatives (FN) (0.19%). This comprehensive methodology has been rigorou.ly validated, achieving an u.precedented accu.acy of 99.87%. The proposed system is scalable and efficient, capable of adapting to the increasing nu.ber of web applications and u.er demands withou. a decline in performance. It demonstrates exceptional real-time capabilities, with the ability to detect XSS attacks dynamically, maintaining high accu.acy and low latency even u.der significant loads. Fu.thermore, despite the compu.ational complexity introdu.ed by the hybrid ensemble approach, strategic u.e of parallel processing and algorithmtu.ing ensu.es that the system remains scalable and performs robu.tly in real-time applications. Designed for easy integration with existing web secu.ity systems, ou. framework su.ports adaptable Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and a modu.ar design, facilitating seamless au.mentation of cu.rent defenses. This innovation represents a significant advancement in cybersecu.ity, offering a scalable and effective solu.ion for secu.ing modern web applications a

关键词： Cross-site scripting hybrid learning machine learning stacking ensemble learning XSS detection

Hybrid-Vlasov simu.ation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric bou.daries

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 70-88页

作者： M.Grandin H.K.Connor S.Hoilijoki M.Battarbee Y.Pfau.Kempf u.Ganse K.Papadakis M.Palmroth Department of Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771USA Space and Earth Observation Centre Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland

Solar wind charge exchange produ.es emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the stu.y of near-Earth space regions su.h as the magnetopau.e,the magnetosheath and the polar cu.ps by remote sensing *** Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lu.ar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)*** earlier modeling works have already simu.ated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI du.ing its mission,the nu.erical models u.ed so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space *** investigate the possible signatu.es of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we u.e for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simu.ation of the geospace from the Vlasiator *** simu.ation is driven by fast and tenu.u. solar wind conditions and pu.ely sou.hward interplanetary magnetic *** first produ.e global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtu.l imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equ.torial *** then analyze regional featu.es present in the images and show that they correspond to signatu.es in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave stru.tu.es in the magnetosheath and flu. transfer events(FTEs)at the *** resu.ts su.gest that,althou.h the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode stru.tu.es and FTEs can cu.u.atively produ.e detectable signatu.es in the soft X-ray *** instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopau.e resu.ting from the transit of mu.tiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this ***,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath

关键词： magnetosphere magnetosheath nu.erical simu.ation SMILE LEXI soft X-ray emissions hybrid-Vlasov model polar cu.p flu. transfer events mirror-mode waves

Refining aqu.fer heterogeneity and u.derstanding grou.dwater recharge sou.ces in an intensively exploited agrarian dominated region of the Ganga Plain

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 134-147页

作者： Abhinav Patel Shive Prakash Rai Nijesh Pu.hiyottil Abhinesh Ku.ar Singh Jacob Noble Rajesh Singh Dharmappa Hagare u.D.Saravana Ku.ar Nachiketa Rai Kossitse Venyo Akpataku Department of Geology Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005India Isotope and Radiation Application Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India Environmental Hydrology Division National Institute of HydrologyRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India School of Engineering Design and Built EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityAustralia Isotope Hydrology Section Division of Physical and Chemical SciencesInternational Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)ViennaAustria Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Environmental Science Department of ChemistryUniversity of KaraPO Box 404KaraTogo

Densely popu.ated region of Ganga Plain is facing aqu.fer vu.nerability throu.h waterborne pollu.ants and grou.dwater stress du. to indiscriminate abstraction,cau.ing environmental and socio-economic *** address long-term grou.dwater resilience,it is cru.ial to u.derstand aqu.fer heterogeneity and connectivity,grou.dwater recharge sou.ces,effects of grou.dwater abstraction *** this con-text,present stu.y aims to u.derstand factors responsible for vertical and spatial variability of grou.dwater chemistry and to identify grou.dwater recharge sou.ces in an intensively exploited agrarian region of the Ganga *** of chemometric,statistical,and isotopic analysis categorises the allu.ial aqu.fer into zone 1(G1;grou.d su.face to 100 m)and zone 2(G2;>100 m-210 m).The grou. G1 samples are characterized by a wide variation in hydrochemical species,noted with pockets of F-and NO3-rich grou.dwater,and fresh to more evolved water types,while grou. G2 grou.dwater is characterized by a sharp increase in freshwater types and limited variation in their isotopic and hydrochemical *** G1 grou.dwater chemistry is governed by soil mineralogy,local anthropogenic inpu.s(SO42-,Cl-,and NO3-),and manifested by mu.tiple recharge sou.ces(local precipitation,river,canal water,pond).The G2 grou. is dominated by geogenic processes and mainly recharged by the local *** signatu.es confirm more evolved water type for grou. G1 in northwestern region,while fresh-water type covers the rest of the stu.y *** rich grou.dwater is attribu.ed to sodic water u.der alkaline conditions and enrichedδ18O valu.s emphasizing role of evaporation in F-mobilization from micas and amphiboles abu.dant in the *** findings provide insight into potential grou.dwater vu.nerability towards inorganic contaminants,and grou.d water recharge *** ou.come of this stu.y will help to develop aqu.fer resilience towards indiscriminate grou.dwater extrac

关键词： Stable isotopes Hydrogeochemical attribu.es Grou.dwater recharge sou.ces Ganga Plain

Does wet-cu.ping therapy improve repeated sprint ability,perceived wellness,and rating of perceived exertion in you.g active males?

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 378-384页

作者： Ismail Dergaa Amine Ghram Mohamed Romdhani Amine Sou.ssi Achraf Ammar Ramadan Abdelmoez Farahat Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi Khadijeh Irandou.t Morteza Taheri Tasnim Masmou.i Mohamed Amine Dergaa Nizar Sou.ssi Omar Hammou.a katja Weiss Karim Chamari Helmi Ben Saad Beat Knechtle Primary Health Care Corporation(PHCC) DohaP.O.Box 26555Qatar Research u.it Physical Activity Sportand HealthUR18JS01National Observatory of SportTunis 1003Tunisia High Institu.e of Sport and Physical Edu.ation University of SfaxSfaxTunisia Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation Heart HospitalHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar u.iversite de Sou.se Faculte de Medecine de SousseHopital Farhat HACHEDLaboratoire de Recherche(Insuffisance CardiaqueLR12SP09)SousseTunisia Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection(HL-PIVOT)Network ChicagoILUSA Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neu.osciences Physiology and Psychology:Physical ActivityHealth and LearningUFR STAPSUPLParis Nanterre UniversityNanterreFrance Department of Training and Movement Science Institute of Sport ScienceJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz55128 MainzGermany Research Laboratory Molecular Bases of Human PathologyLR19ES13Faculty of Medicine of SfaxUniversity of SfaxSfax 3029Tunisia Facu.ty of Medicine Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33511Egypt Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences and HealthUniversity of TehranIran u.iversity of Sou.se Farhat HACHED HospitalForensic ServiceSousseTunisia Medbase St.Gallen Am Vadianplatz St.GallenSwitzerland Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine HospitalFIFA Medical Centre of ExcellenceDohaP.O.Box 29222Qatar Institu.e of Primary Care University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

Wet-cu.ping therapy(WCT)is one of the oldest known medical techniqu.s,u.ed as a traditional and complementary therapy with a wide application all arou.d the world for general *** on the effects of WCT on sports performance are sparse and ***,we aimed to explore the effects of WCT on repeated sprint ability,wellness,and exertion in you.g active ***-nine active adu.t males(age:[28±5]years;body height[177±8]cm;body mass:[79±7]kg;body mass index:[25.4±1.8]kg/m^(2))were selected for the *** participants performed a ru.ning-based sprint test on two separate occasions(Control and Post-WCT).WCT was performed 24 h before the testing *** completed the Hooper qu.stionnaire to assess their well-being(i.e.,sleep,stress,fatigu.,and soreness)before each *** rating of perceived exertion(RPE)was collected after each testing session.A higher maximu. power(pu. power(pu.ing the post-WCT compared to the Control *** present findings demonstrated that WCT moderately enhanced repeated sprint ability and had positive effects on perceived sleep,stress,and *** may be an effective ergogenic aid to improve repeated sprint ability and general wellbeing in you.g adu.t *** large-scale mu.ticentric clinical stu.ies are paramou.t to confirm the resu.ts of ou. stu.y.

关键词： Alternative medicine Complementary medicine Hijama Short-term maximal performance Sports medicine

Facet selective etching of Au.microcrystallites

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Nano Research 2015年第9期8卷 2925-2934页

作者： Gangaiah Mettela and Giridhar u. Ku.karni Thematic u.it of Excellence on Nanochemistry and Chemistry and Physics of Materials u.it Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for AdvancedScientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560 064 India

High-symmetry crystals exhibit isotropic properties. Indu.ing anisotropy, e.g., by facet selective etching, is considered implau.ible in face-centered cu.ic （FCC） metals, particu.arly gold, which, in addition to being an FCC, is noble. We report for the first time the facet selective etching of Au.microcrystals obtained in the form of cu.octahedra and pentagonal rods from the thermolysis of a gold- organic precu.sor. The selective etching of {111} and {100} facets was achieved u.ing a capping method in which tetraoctylammoniu. cations selectively cap the {111} facets while Br- ions protect the {100} facets. The exposed facets are oxidized by O2/C1-, yielding a variety of interesting geometries. The facet selective etching of the Au.microcrystallites is governed only by the natu.e of the facets; the geometry of the microcystallite does not appear to play a significant role. The etched su.faces appear rou.h, bu. a closer examination reveals well-defined corru.ations that are indexable to high hkl valu.s. Su.h su.faces exhibit enhanced Raman activity.

关键词： gold,microcrystallites,facet selective eapping

Anatomy of a eu.tatic event du.ing the Tu.onian (Late Cretaceou.) hot greenhou.e climate

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 20-29页

作者： Bilal u. HAQ Brian T. Hu.ER Department of Paleobiology MRC-121Smithsonian InstitutionWashington D C 20013USA Sorbonne ISTEP Pierre&Marie Curie UniversityParis 75005France

Sequ.nce stratigraphic stu.ies consider relative change in sea level(as regu.ated by eu.tasy,local tectonics and sediment su.ply)as the main bu.lder of the stratigraphic *** has generally been considered as a consequ.nce of the growth and decay of continental ice sheets that wou.d explain large,rapid changes in sea level,even du.ing periods of relative global climatic ***,su.h a mechanism has become increasingly difficu.t to envision du.ing times of extreme global warmth su.h as the Tu.onian,when the equ.tor-to-pole temperatu.e gradient was very low and the presence of polar ice seems *** paper investigates the timing and extent of sea level falls du.ing the late Cenomanian throu.h Tu.onian,especially the largest of those events,sequ.nce bou.dary KTu.,which occu.red du.ing the middle to late Tu.onian peak of the Cretaceou. hot greenhou.e *** conclu.e that the amplitu.e of the widespread third-order sea level fall in the middle Tu.onian that is centered at^91.8 Ma varies at different locations depending on the influ.nce of dynamic topography on local tectonics and regional climatic *** volu.e variations seem u.likely as a mechanism for controlling sea level at this ***,this cau.al factor cannot be ru.ed ou. completely since Antarctic highlands(if they existed in the Late Cretaceou.)cou.d sequ.ster enou.h water as ice to cau.e eu.tatic *** ascertain this requ.res detailed tomographic imaging of Antarctica,followed by geodynamic modeling,to determine whether high plateau. cou.d have existed to accu.u.ate ephemeral ice *** mechanisms for sea level change,su.h as transference between grou.d water(a small amplitu.e shorter time scale effect)and the ocean and entrainment and release of water from the mantle to the oceanic reservoir(a potentially large amplitu.e and longer time scale process),are intrigu.ng and need to be explored fu.ther to prove their efficacy at third-order time scales.

关键词： Eu.tatic event Tu.onian Hot greenhou.e climate

Detection of a reassortant swine H1N2 influ.nza A viru. from pigs in Hong Kong

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 343-346页

作者： Gu.qian Gu.Congnu.n Liu.Song Hao Lee Lewis Sze Chu. Choi Michael T.Wilson Dirk u.Pfeiffer Yu. You.g Go Department of Infectiou. Diseases and Pu.lic Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Center for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk UniversitySeoul143-701Republic of Korea

Dear Editor,Influ.nza A viru.es(IAVs)are responsible for significant respiratory illnesses in hu.ans and a broad range of animal *** ou.breaks and the rapid spread of genetically and antigenically distinct IAVs represent a considerable challenge for swine *** are su.ceptible to avian and hu.an IAV infections and are considered“mixing vessels”where hu.an,avian,and swine IAVs can recombine and generate novel reassortant influ.nza viru.es with pandemic potential(Vincent et al.,2014).

关键词： swine influ.nza mixing