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Impact of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery:A meta-analysis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第4期24卷 519-536页

作者： katie e rollins Hannah Javanmard-emamghissi Dileep N Lobo Gastrointestinal Surgery Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham Queen’s Medical Centre

AIM To analyse the effect of mechanical bowel preparation vs no mechanical bowel preparation on outcome in patients undergoing elective colorectal *** Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing adult patients receiving mechanical bowel preparation with those receiving no mechanical bowel preparation, subdivided into those receiving a single rectal enema and those who received no preparation at all prior to elective colorectal surgery. ReSULTS A total of 36 studies(23 randomised controlled trials and 13 observational studies) including 21568 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were included. When all studies were considered, mechanical bowel preparation was not associated with any significant difference in anastomotic leak rates(OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.74 to 1.10, P = 0.32), surgical site infection(OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.80 to 1.24, P = 0.96), intraabdominal collection(OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.63 to 1.17, P = 0.34), mortality(OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.57 to 1.27, P = 0.43), reoperation(OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.75 to 1.12, P = 0.38) or hospital length of stay(overall mean difference 0.11 d, 95%CI:-0.51 to 0.73, P = 0.72), when compared with no mechanical bowel preparation, nor when evidence from just randomized controlledtrials was analysed. A sub-analysis of mechanical bowel preparation vs absolutely no preparation or a single rectal enema similarly revealed no differences in clinical outcome measures. CONCLUSION In the most comprehensive meta-analysis of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery to date, this study has suggested that the use of mechanical bowel preparation does not affect the incidence of postoperative complications when compared with no preparation. Hence, mechanical bowel preparation should not be administered routinely prior to elective colorectal surgery.

关键词： bowel preparation Mechanical antibiotics morbidity mortality surgery outcome complications meta-analysis

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Biomass gasification,catalytic technologies and energy integration for production of circular methanol:New horizons for industry decarbonisation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 306-318页

作者： Luis F.Bobadilla Lola Azancot Miriam González-Castañ estela Ruíz-López Laura Pastor-Pérez Francisco J.Durán-Olivencia Runping Ye katie Chong Paula HBlanco-Sánchez Zenthao Wu Tomás R.Reina JoséA.Odriozola Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de SevillaAvda.Américo Vespucio 49Sevilla 41092Spain Departamento de Ingeniería Universidad Loyola AndalucíaAvda.de Las Universidades s/nSevilla 41704Spain Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for environment and energy Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China energy and Bioproducts Research Institute(eBRI) Aston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical and Process engineering University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUnited Kingdom

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)recognises the pivotal role of renewable energies in the future energy system and the achievement of the zero-emission *** implementation of renewables should provide major opportunities and enable a more secure and decentralised energy supply *** fuels provide long-term solutions for the transport sector,particularly for applications where fuels with high energy density are *** addition,it helps reducing the carbon footprint of these sectors in the *** on biomass characteristics feedstock is essential for scaling-up gasification from the laboratory to *** review deals with the transformation biogenic residues into a valuable bioenergy carrier like biomethanol as the liquid sunshine based on the combination of modified mature technologies such as gasification with other innovative solutions such as membranes and microchannel *** abatement is a critical process in product gas upgrading since tars compromise downstream processes and equipment,for this,membrane technology for upgrading syngas quality is discussed in this *** reactor technology with the design of state-of-the-art multifunctional catalysts provides a path to develop decentralised biomethanol synthesis from biogenic ***,the development of a process chain for the production of(i)methanol as an intermediate energy carrier,(ii)electricity and(iii)heat for decentralised applications based on biomass feedstock flexible gasification,gas upgrading and methanol synthesis is analysed.

关键词： Biogenic residues Gasification Biomethanol Circular economy Microreactors

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Turning Natural Herbaceous Fibers into Advanced Materials for Sustainability

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第4期4卷 736-757页

作者： Pengcheng Luan Xianhui Zhao katie Copenhaver Soydan Ozcan Hongli Zhu Department of Mechanical and Industrial engineering Northeastern University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMA 02115USA Manufacturing Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory1 Bethel Valley RoadOak RidgeTN 37830USA environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory1 Bethel Valley RoadOak RidgeTN 37830USA

Considering the growing concerns about natural resource depletion,energy inequality,and climate crises,biomassderived materials—the most abundant organic matter on the planet—have received a lot of attention as a potential alternative to petroleum-based *** biomasses and extracted cellulose have recently been extensively used in the development of high-performance and multifunctional *** biomass has sparked interest due to its species diversity,abundance,low cost,lightweight,and *** review discusses the structure versus property relationships of various sources of herbaceous biomasses(e.g.,sugarcane,straw,and bamboo)and their extracted biomaterials,as well as the latest emerging applications from macro-and microscales to ***-strength structural materials,porous carbon materials,multichannel materials,and flexible materials are examples of these applications,which include sustainable electronics,environmentally friendly energy harvesting,smart materials,and biodegradable structural buildings.

关键词： Sustainability Herbaceous biomass Biomaterials Biodegradable Advanced applications

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Rational design of oral drugs targeting mucosa delivery with gut organoid platforms

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第12期30卷 116-128页

作者： Tianjian Tong Yijun Qi Derrick rollins Luke D.Bussiere Debarpan Dhar Cathy L.Miller Chenxu Yu Qun Wang Department of Agricultural Biosystem and engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Chemical and Biological engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Interdepartmental Microbiology Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

effective oral drugs and vaccines require high delivery efficiency across the gastrointestinal epithelia and protection of medically effective payloads(i.e.,immunogens)against gastric *** this study,hollowed nanocarriers(NCs:silica nanospheres and gold nanocages)with poly-l-lysine(PLL)coating and mammalian orthoreovirus cell attachment proteinσ1 functionalization(NC-PLL-σ1)were explored as functional oral drug delivery vehicles(ODDVs).The transport of these ODDVs to mucosal lymphoid tissues could be facilitated by microfold cells(M-cells)mediated transcytosis(viaσ1-α2–3-linked sialic acids adherence)across gastrointestinal *** coating provided protection and slow-release of rhodamine 6 G(R6G),a model *** transport effectiveness of these ODDVs was tested on intestinal organoid monolayers in *** compared with other experimental groups,the fully functionalized ODDV system(with PLL-σ1)demonstrated two significant advantages:a significantly higher transport efficiency(198%over blank control at 48 h);and protection of payloads which led to both better transport efficiency and extended-release of payloads(61%over uncoated carriers at 48 h).In addition,it was shown that the M cell presence in intestinal organoid monolayers(modulated by Rank L stimulation)was a determining factor on the transport efficiency of the ODDVs:more M-cells(induced by higher Rank L)in the organoid monolayers led to higher transport efficiency for ODDV-delivered model payload(R6G).The fully functionalized ODDVs showed great potential as effective oral delivery vehicles for drugs and vaccines.

关键词： Oral drug delivery vehicles Organoids Biomimetic virus Sigma 1 protein Gold and silica nanoparticles

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Recent developments in topoisomerase-targeted cancer chemotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第6期8卷 844-861页

作者： Kirk e.Hevener Tatsiana A.Verstak katie e.Lutat Daniel L.Riggsbee Jeremiah W.Mooney Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tennessee Health Science Center

The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are essential to cell function and are found ubiquitously in all domains of life. The various topoisomerase enzymes perform a wide range of functions related to the maintenance of DNA topology during DNA replication, and transcription are the targets of a wide range of antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Natural product-derived agents, such as the camptothecin, anthracycline, and podophyllotoxin drugs, have seen broad use in the treatment of many types of cancer. Selective targeting of the topoisomerase enzymes for cancer treatment continues to be a highly active area of basic and clinical research. The focus of this review will be to summarize the current state of the art with respect to clinically used topoisomerase inhibitors for targeted cancer treatment and to discuss the pharmacology and chemistry of promising new topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical and preclinical development.

关键词： Topoisomerase Inhibition Cancer Oncology Clinical Pre-clinical

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Influence of vitamin D on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the pooled clinical trials data

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第5期9卷 278-287页

作者： Alia S Dadabhai Behnam Saberi katie Lobner Russell T Shinohara Gerard e Mullin Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Biostatistics and epide-miology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania

AIM To investigate the relationship between vitamin D and liver fibrosis in hepatitis C-monoinfected or hepatitis C virus(HCV)-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) coinfected patients. MeTHODS Pertinent studies were located by a library literature search in PubM ed/embase/Cochrane/Scopus/LILACS by two individual reviewers. Inclusion criteria:(1) studies with patients with HCV or co-infected HCV/HIV;(2) studies with patients ≥ 18 years old;(3) studies that evaluated liver fibrosis stage, only based on liver biopsy; and(4) studies that reported serum or plasma 25(OH)D levels. Studies that included pediatric patients, other etiologies of liver disease, or did not use liver biopsy for fibrosis evaluation, or studies with inadequate data were excluded. estimated measures of association reported in the literature, as well as corresponding measures of uncertainty, were recorded and corresponding odds ratios with 95%CI were included in a meta-analysis. ReSULTS The pooled data of this systematic review showed that 9 of the 12 studies correlated advanced liver disease defined as a Metavir value of F3/4 with 25(OH) D level insufficiency. The meta-analysis indicated a significant association across *** Low vitamin D status is common in chronic Hepatitis C patients and is associated with advanced liver fibrosis.

关键词：维生素 D 肝纤维变性丙肝病毒长期的丙肝

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Application of nanoparticle tracking analysis for characterising the fate of engineered nanoparticles in sediment-water systems

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 62-71页

作者： Ping Luo Alejandro Roca Karen Tiede katie Privett Jiachao Jiang John Pinkstone Guibin Ma Jonathan Veinot Alisatair Boxall School of environment Science and Spatial informatics Chinese University of Mining and Technology Department of Physics University of York Centre for Chemical Safety and Stewardship (CCSS) Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA) environment Department University of York Department of Chemistry University of Alberta

Novel applications of nanotechnology may lead to the release of engineered nanoparticles（eNPs）, which result in concerns over their potential environmental hazardous impact. It is essential for the research workers to be able to quantitatively characterise eNPs in the environment and subsequently to assist the risk assessment of the eNPs. This study hence explored the application of nanoparticle tracking system（NTA） to quantitatively describe the behaviour of the eNPs in natural sediment-water systems. The NTA allows the measurement of both particle number concentration（PNC） and particle size distribution（PSD） of the eNPs. The developed NTA method was applied to a range of gold and magnetite eNPs with a selection of surface properties. The results showed that the positively-charged eNPs interacted more strongly with the sediment than neutral and negatively-charged eNPs. It was also found that the citrate coated Au eNPs had a higher distribution percentage（53%） than 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid coated Au eNPs（20%） and citrate coated magnetite eNPs（21%）. The principles of the electrostatic interactions between hard（and soft） acids and bases（HSAB） are used to explain such behaviours; the hard base coating（i.e. citrate ions） will interact more strongly with hard acid（i.e. magnetite） than soft acid（i.e. gold）.The results indicate that NTA is a complementary method to existing approaches to characterise the fate and behaviour of eNPs in natural sediment.

关键词： Quantitative characterisation Hard and soft acids and bases Fate of engineered nanoparticles Nanoparticle tracking system Particle number concentration Particle size distribution

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Sodium Diffuses from Glass Substrates through P1 Lines and Passivates Defects in Perovskite Solar Modules

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energy & environmental Materials 2023年第6期6卷 393-401页

作者： Felix Utama Kosasih Francesco Di Giacomo Jordi Ferrer Orri Kexue Li elizabeth M.Tennyson Weiwei Li Fabio Matteocci Gunnar Kusch Narges Yaghoobi Nia Rachel A.Oliver Judith L.MacManus-Driscoll katie L.Moore Samuel D.Stranks Aldo Di Carlo Giorgio Divitini Caterina Ducati Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB30FSUK Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar energy(CHOSe) Department of Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRome 00133Italy Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Materials and Photon Science Institute University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUK Department of Chemical engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK Laboratory for Advanced Solar energy(LASe) National University of Science and Technology MISiSLeninskiy Prospekt 4Moscow 119049Russia energy Research Institute@NTU Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637553Singapore MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics College of PhysicsNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR(ISM-CNR) Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100Rome 00133Italy electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 30Genova 16163Italy

Most thin-film photovoltaic modules are constructed on soda-lime glass(SLG)substrates containing alkali oxides,such as Na_(2)*** may diffuse from SLG into a module's active layers through P1 lines,an area between a module's constituent cells where the substrate-side charge transport layer(CTL)is in direct contact with *** diffusion from SLG is known to cause several important effects inⅡ-Ⅵand chalcogenide solar modules,but it has not been studied in perovskite solar modules(PSMs).In this work,we use complementary microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to show that Na diffusion occurs in the fabrication process of *** diffuses vertically inside P1 lines and then laterally from P1 lines into the active area for up to 360 *** propose that this process is driven by the high temperatures the devices are exposed to during CTL and perovskite *** diffused Na preferentially binds with Br,forming Br-poor,l-rich perovskite and a species rich in Na and Br(Na-Br)close to P1 ***-Br passivates defect sites,reducing non-radiative recombination in the perovskite and boosting its luminescence by up to 5×.Na-Br is observed to be stable after 12 weeks of device storage,suggesting long-lasting effects of Na *** results not only point to a potential avenue to increase PSM performance but also highlight the possibility of unabated Na diffusion throughout a module's lifetime,especially if accelerated by the electric field and elevated temperatures achievable during device operation.

关键词： defect passivation monolithic interconnection perovskite solar modules soda-lime glass sodium diffusion solar cells thin-film photovoltaics

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National fire danger assessment and ecosystem restoration using remotsensing and ecological modeling

National fire danger assessment and ecosystem restoration us...

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北京生物入侵国际研讨会

作者： M.rollins U.S.Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences LaboratoryMissoulaMotanaUSA.

＜正＞Hazardous fuel reduction,ecosystem rehabilitation and restoration,and firefighting safety,are land management priorities emphasized by recent national fire policies such as the National Fire Plan. Implementation of these policies requires geospatial data of vegetation conditions,fire fuels,risks, and ecosystem status developed consistently nationwide that can be used at multiple scales(i.e.,

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住院危重患儿父母负性情绪和情感支持的相关性研究

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2021年第1期8卷 15-21,I0001页

作者： Brad e.Phillips Laurie A.Theeke katie M.Sarosi West Virginia University School of Nursing MorgantownWVUnited States

目的探讨儿童重症监护病房患儿父母负性情绪和情感支持的相关性。方法采用横断面调查研究,于2019年1月至2020年1月对患有危重症疾病的80名儿童家长进行问卷调查,应用患者健康问卷(The Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)、情绪困扰... 详细信息

目的探讨儿童重症监护病房患儿父母负性情绪和情感支持的相关性。方法采用横断面调查研究,于2019年1月至2020年1月对患有危重症疾病的80名儿童家长进行问卷调查,应用患者健康问卷(The Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)、情绪困扰/焦虑简短问卷8a[emotional Distress/Anxiety(Short Form 8a)]、情绪困扰/愤怒简短问卷5a[the emotional Distress/Anger(Short Form 5a)]、恐惧-影响计算机化自适应测验(Fear-Affect Computerized Adaptive Test)、恐惧-躯体反应问卷(Fear-Somatic Arousal-Fixed Form)、加州大学洛杉矶分校修订的20项孤独量表(The Revised 20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale)、情感支持问卷(emotional Support-Fixed Form),分别测量抑郁、焦虑、愤怒、恐惧、躯体恐惧、孤独及情感支持7个变量。结果80名家长抑郁得分为[8.00(4.00,13.75)]分,焦虑得分为(23.43±7.80)分,愤怒得分为(13.40±5.46)分,恐惧得分为(72.81±27.26)分,躯体恐惧得分为[9.00(6.00,12.75)]分,孤独得分为(39.35±12.00)分,情感支持得分为(32.14±8.06)分。年轻、单身、低收入、文化程度低的父母孤独感较强且情感支持水平较低。恐惧与抑郁(r=0.737,P<0.01)和焦虑(r=0.900,P<0.01)呈正相关。情感支持与孤独(r=-0.767,P<0.01)、愤怒(r=-0.401,P<0.01)和抑郁(r=-0.334,P<0.01)呈负相关。结论这一系列负性情绪可以作为未来针对住院危重患儿父母情感支持干预的潜在目标。

关键词：儿童危重病情感支持父母心理状态负性情绪

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