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Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 95-106页

作者： Tian Nie Varun s.Venkatesh suzanne Golub kathryn s.stok Haniyeh Hemmatian Reena Desai David J.Handelsman Jeffrey D.Zajac Mathis Grossmann Rachel A.Davey Department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia ANZAC Research Institute University of Sydney and AndrologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNSW 2137Australia

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are unknown.To address this knowledge gap,we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol treatment.Puberty was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of age.At 3 weeks post-surgery,male-to-female mice were treated with a high dose of estradiol(~0.85 mg)by intraperitoneal silastic implantation for 12 weeks.Controls included intact and orchidectomized males at 3 weeks post-surgery,vehicle-treated intact males,intact females and orchidectomized males at 12 weeks post-treatment.Compared to male controls,orchidectomized males exhibited decreased peak bone mass accrual and a decreased maximal force the bone could withstand prior to fracture.Estradiol treatment in orchidectomized male-to-female mice compared to mice in all control groups was associated with an increased cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis,while the periosteal circumference increased to a level that was intermediate between intact male and female controls,resulting in increased maximal force and stiffness.In trabecular bone,estradiol treatment increased newly formed trabeculae arising from the growth plate as well as mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate,consistent with the anabolic action of estradiol on osteoblast proliferation.These data support the concept that skeletal integrity can be preserved and that long-term fractures may be prevented in trans girls treated with GnRHa and a sufficiently high dose of GAHT.Further study is needed to identify an optimal dose of estradiol that protects the bone without adverse side effects.

关键词： treatment treatment strength

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Reproductive ecology of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Madagascar: the influence of density-dependent and -independent effects

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 66-86页

作者： kathryn sCOBIE soanandrasana RAHELINIRINA Voahangy sOARIMALALA Fehivola Mandanirina ANDRIAMIARIMANANA Corinne RAHAINGOsOAMAMITIANA Toky RANDRIAMORIA soloandry RAHAJANDRAIBE Xavier LAMBIN Minoarisoa RAJERIsON sandra TELFER school of Biological sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Plague Unit Institut Pasteur de MadagascarAntananarivoMadagascar Association Vahatra AntananarivoMadagascar

The black rat(Rattus rattus)poses a severe threat to food security and public health in Madagascar,where it is a major cause of pre-and post-harvest crop losses and an important reservoir for many zoonotic diseases,including plague.Elsewhere,ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)strategies have been developed using ecologi-cal information to inform decisions on where and when to target control.EBRM could deliver improved health and well-being outcomes in Madagascar if adapted to the local ecological context.Using data collected from removal studies,we explored spatio-temporal patterns in the breeding activity of the black rat(R.rattus)in domestic and agricultural habitats across Madagascar and investigated to what extent these trends are influenced by rainfall and rat density.We identified clear spatio-temporal variation in the seasonality of R.rattus reproduction.Reproduction was highly seasonal both inside and outside of houses,but seasonal trends varied between these two habitats.sea-sonal trends were explained,in part,by variation in rainfall;however,the effect of rainfall on reproductive rates did itself vary by season and habitat type.A decline in breeding intensity with increasing rat density was recorded outside of houses.This has important implications for control,as populations may compensate for removal through increased reproduction.We recommend that sustained control initiated before the main breeding season,combined with improved hygiene and adequate rodent-proofing in homes and grain stores,could curtail population growth and reduce pre-and post-harvest losses provided that these measures overcome the compensatory response of rodent populations.

关键词： Madagascar Rattus rattus reproductive ecology rodent control

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How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel Olivia Galea Kirsten Holte Caroline Luszawski Elizabeth Jenkins Jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Emery Rebekah Mannix kathryn schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zemek Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Department of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada school of Rehabilitation sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Methods:We searched MEDLINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of science up to May 2022.Two reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)checklists.Additional information was sought my study authors where reporting was incomplete.Risk of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 Tool.RCTs examining non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Results:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck cooling.Median scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified supervisor.Reporting completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but publication in highly cited journals and low ROB

关键词： Concussion Intervention Randomized controlled trial systematic review

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《近代中国》学刊五十年

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开放时代 2024年第3期 69-78,M0004,M0005页

作者：黄宗智白凯中国人民大学法学院历史与社会高等研究所美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶校区历史系(荣休)

回顾《近代中国》创刊以来的50年,我们可以看到,肇始,在《近代中国》所有作者中,非华裔美国学者占比最大,为73%,到20世纪末,占比仍然高达64%,但之后则直线下降,2005—2009年为26%,2020—2022年为11%。在一定程度上,这样的趋势被在美国... 详细信息

回顾《近代中国》创刊以来的50年,我们可以看到,肇始,在《近代中国》所有作者中,非华裔美国学者占比最大,为73%,到20世纪末,占比仍然高达64%,但之后则直线下降,2005—2009年为26%,2020—2022年为11%。在一定程度上,这样的趋势被在美国华裔学者(无论美国公民与否)的扩增部分抵消。近20年中国内地学者在学刊上的发文占比越来越大,如今达到28%。如果再加上美国和全球其他地区华裔学者的话,占比更高达65%,无疑乃是重大的演变。同时,在美国以外的其他地区(诸如英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、荷兰等)的非华裔中国研究专家有一定比例的扩增,但总体来说,英语中国研究近乎是以华人为主的天下,也是一个高度跨国化的专业。在回顾与总结之外,本文将附带一些给青年投稿者的建议。

关键词：非华裔美国学者华裔美国学者中国内地学者美国以外的华裔学者学刊的主要议题

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In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： kathryn M.Priest Jacob V.schluns Nathania Nischal Colton L.Gattis Jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOs).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living cells.Fiber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCsPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue regeneration.This study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in vivo.Volumetric muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male sprague Dawley rats.NADH lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of glycolysis.In injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has occurred.These data suggest that-ber-coupled TCsPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

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Impact loading in female runners with single and multiple bone stress injuries during fresh and exerted conditions

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Journal of sport and Health science 2023年第3期12卷 406-413页

作者： Kristin L.Popp Jereme Outerleys sarah Gehman Margaret Garrahan sara Rudolph Elizabeth Loranger kathryn E.Ackerman Adam s.Tenforde Mary L.Bouxsein Irene s.Davis Military Performance Division United States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMA 01760USA Endocrine Unit Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of sports Medicine Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Center for Advanced Orthopedic studies Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA

Background:Bone stress injuries(BsIs)are common in female runners,and recurrent BsI rates are high.Previous work suggests an association between higher impact loading during running and tibial BsI.However,it is unknown whether impact loading and fatigue-related loading changes discriminate women with a history of multiple BsIs.This study compared impact variables at the beginning of a treadmill run to exertion andthe changes in those variables with exertion among female runners with no history of BsI as well as among those with a history of single or multiple BsIs.Methods:We enrolled 45 female runners(aged 18-40 years)for this cross-sectional study:having no history of diagnosed lower extremity BsI(N-BsI,n=14);a history of 1 lower extremity BsI(1-BsI,n=16);and diagnosed by imaging,or a history of multiple(>3)lower extremity BsIs(M-BsI,n=15).Participants completed a 5-km race speed run on an instrumented treadmill while wearing an Inertial Measurement Unit.The vertical average loading rate(VALR),vertical instantaneous loading rate(VILR),vertical stiffness during impact via instrumented treadmill,and tibial shock determined as the peak po sitive tibial acceleration via Inertial Measurement Unit were measured at the beginning and the end of the run.Results:There were no differences between groups in VALR,VILR,vertical stiffness,or tibial shock in a fresh or exerted condition.However,compared to N-BsI,women with M-BsI had greater increase with exertion in VALR(-1.8%vs.6.1%,p=0.01)and VILR(1.5%vs.4.8%,p=0.03).similarly,compared to N-BsI,vertical stiffness increased more with exertion among women with M-BsI(-0.9%vs.7.3%,p=0.006)and 1-BsI(-0.9%vs.1.8%,p=0.05).Finally,compared to N-BsI,the increase in tibial shock from fresh to exerted condition was greater among women with M-BsI(0.9%vs.5.5%,p=0.03)and 1-BsI(0.9%vs.11.2%,p=0.02).Conclusion:Women with 1-BsI or M-BsIs experience greater exertion-related increases in impact loading than women with N-BsI.These observations imply that exertion-related changes in gait biomecha

关键词： Biomechanics Bone stress injuries Fatigue Runners stress fracture

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Psychological, social, and sexual challenges affecting men receiving male infertility treatment: a systematic review and implications for clinical care

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第4期25卷 448-453页

作者： Winston Wu Justin La kathryn M schubach Daniel Lantsberg Darren J Katz Department of Urology Western HealthSt AlbansVIC 3021Australia Department of Urology Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical CenterSan RafaelCA 94903USA Men’s Health Melbourne MelbourneVIC 3000Australia Reproductive services Unit The Royal Women’s HospitalParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Melbourne IVF East MelbourneVIC 3002Australia Department of surgery Western PrecinctUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

In recent years, social research surrounding the consequences of infertility has increasingly focused on the male perspective;however, a gap exists in the understanding of men’s experiences of male infertility treatment. This review aims to synthesize theexisting evidence concerning the psychological, social, and sexual burden of male infertility treatment on men, as well as patientneeds during clinical care. A systematic search identified 12 studies that are diverse in design, setting, and methods. Psychologicalevaluations have found that urological surgery may have a lasting impact on infertility-specific stress, and treatment failure canlead to feelings of depression, grief, and inadequacy. Men tended to have an avoidant coping mechanism throughout fertilitytreatment, and their self-esteem, relationship quality, and sexual functions can be tied to outcomes of treatment. Partner bonds canbe strengthened by mutual support and enhanced communication;couple separation, however, has been noted as a predominantreason for discontinuing male infertility treatment and may be associated with difficult circumstances surrounding severe maleinfertility. surgical treatments can affect the sexual functioning of infertile men;however, the impact of testicular sperm extractionoutcomes appears to be psychologically driven whereas the improvements after microsurgical varicocelectomy are only evident inhypogonadal men. Clinically, there is a need for better inclusion, communication, education, and resource provision, to addressreported issues of marginalization and uncertainty in men. Routine psychosocial screening in cases of severe male infertility andfollow-up in cases of surgical treatment failure are likely beneficial.

关键词： male infertility male infertility treatment patient experience patient-centered care psychosocial sexual

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Adult neurogenesis and in vivo reprogramming:combining strategies for endogenous brain repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第11期11卷 1748-1749页

作者： kathryn s.Jones Bronwen Connor Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Centre for Brain ResearchSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of Auckland

Functional recovery of the human brain after injury, or slowing of a neurodegenerative disease is the ultimate goal of brain research. Many promising studies have identified key genes involved in the generation of neuroblasts and oligodendrocytes from adult neurogenic niches and determined their involvement in endogenous regeneration after injury. Interestingly,

关键词： gene Adult neurogenesis and in vivo reprogramming sVZ GFAP

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A cadaveric model for transesophageal echocardiography transducer placement training: A pilot study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 18-22页

作者： Ryan W.Horton Kian R.Niknam Viveta Lobo kathryn H.Pade Drew Jones Kenton L.Anderson Department of Emergency Medicine Stanford University School of MedicinePalo Alto 94304USA Emergency Medicine Residency Program University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustin 78756USA University of California san Francisco school of Medicine San Francisco 94143USA Department of Emergency Medicine Rady Children’s HospitalSan Diego 92123USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Central Florida/HCA Ocala RegionalOcala 34471USA

BACKGROUND: Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) is used in the emergency department to guide resuscitation during cardiac arrest. Insertion of a TEE transducer requires manual skill and experience, yet in some residency programs cardiac arrest is uncommon, so some physicians may lack the means to acquire the manual skills to perform TEE in clinical practice. For other infrequently performed procedural skills, simulation models are used. However, there is currently no model that adequately simulates TEE transducer insertion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement among novice users.METHODs: A convenience sample of emergency medicine residents was enrolled during a procedure education session using cadavers as tissue models. A pre-session assessment was used to determine prior knowledge and confidence regarding TEE manipulation. Participants subsequently attended a didactic and hands-on education session on TEE placement. All participants practised placing the TEE transducer until they were able to pass a standardized assessment of technical skill(sATs). After the educational session, participants completed a post-session assessment. REsULTs: Twenty-five residents participated in the training session. Mean assessment of knowledge improved from 6.2/10 to 8.7/10(95% confidence interval [CI] of knowledge difference 1.6–3.2, Ps no relationship between training level and the delta in knowledge or confidence.CONCLUsIONs: In this pilot study, the use of a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement methods among novice users is feasible and improves both TEE manipulation knowledge and confidence levels.

关键词： Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Echocardiography Education simulation

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Clinical outcome measures in dementia with Lewy bodies trials: critique and recommendations

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 514-531页

作者： Federico Rodriguez-Porcel kathryn A.Wyman-Chick Carla Abdelnour Ruiz Jon B.Toledo Daniel Ferreira Prabitha Urwyler Rimona s.Weil Joseph Kane Andrea Pilotto Arvid Rongve Bradley Boeve John-Paul Taylor Ian McKeith Dag Aarsland simon J.G.Lewis the Lewy Body Dementias Clinical Trials Workgroup from the Lewy Body Dementias Professional Interest Area-Alzheimer’s Association International society to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment(IsTAART) Department of Neurology Medical University of South Carolina208b Rutledge Av.CharlestonSC 29403USA Department of Neurology Center for Memory and AgingHealthPartnersSaint PaulMNUSA Autonomous University of Barcelona BarcelonaSpain Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Division of Clinical Geriatrics Department of NeurobiologyCare Sciencesand SocietyCenter for Alzheimer’s ResearchKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of BernBernSwitzerland Dementia Research Centre University College LondonLondonUK Centre for Public Health Queen’s UniversityBelfastUK Neurology Unit Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly Department of Research and Innovation Helse FonnaHaugesund HospitalHaugesundNorway Institute of Clinical Medicine(K1) The University of Ber-genBergenNorway Department of Neurology Center for Sleep MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Old Age Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College LondonLondonUK ForeFront Parkinson’s Disease Research Clinic Brain and Mind CentreSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sydney100 Mallett StreetCamperdownNSW 2050Australia. 不详

The selection of appropriate outcome measures is fundamental to the design of any successful clinical trial. Although dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions, assessment of therapeutic benefit in clinical trials often relies on tools developed for other conditions, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease. These may not be sufficiently valid or sensitive to treatment changes in DLB, decreasing their utility. In this review, we discuss the limitations and strengths of selected available tools used to measure DLB-associated outcomes in clinical trials and highlight the potential roles for more specific objective measures. We emphasize that the existing outcome measures require validation in the DLB population and that DLB-specific outcomes need to be developed. Finally, we highlight how the selection of outcome measures may vary between symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy trials.

关键词： Dementia with Lewy bodies Clinical trials Outcomes Measurement properties

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