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In situ observation of atomic movement in a ferroelectric film under an external electric field and stress

Nano Research 2018年第7期11卷 3824-3832页

作者： Hyeon Jun Lee Er-Jia Guo Taewon Min Seung Hyun Hwang Su Yong Lee kathrin Dorr Jaekwang Lee Ji Young Jo School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea Quantum Condensed Matter Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA Institute for Physics Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Halle 06099 Germany Department of Physics Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea Pohang AccelerotorLaboratory Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea

Atomic movement under application of external stimuli （i.e., electric field or mechanical stress） in oxide materials has not been observed due to a lack of experimental methods but has been well known to determine the electric polarization. Here, we investigated atomic movement arising from the ferroelectric response of BiFeO3 thin films under the effect of an electric field and stress in real time using a combination of switching spectroscop）6 time-resolved X-ray microdiffraction, and in situ stress engineering. Under an electric field applied to a BiFeO3 film, the hysteresis loop of the reflected X-ray intensity was found to result from the opposing directions of displaced atoms between the up and down polarization states. An additional shift of atoms arising from the linearly increased dielectric component of the polarization in BiFeO3 was confirmed through gradual reduction of the diffracted X-ray intensity. The electric-field- induced displacement of oxygen atoms was found to be larger than that of Fe atom for both ferroelectric switching and increase of the polarization. The effect of external stress on the BiFeO3 thin film, which was controlled by applying an electric field to the highly piezoelectric substrate, showed smaller atomic shifts than for the case of applying an electric field to the film, despite the similar tetragonality.

关键词： in situ measurement atomic displacementunder electric field time-resolved X-ray microdiffraction ferroelectrics in situ strain engineering

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Secularization in the Holy Land： Challenges for the State- Secularism and Nationalism in Israel

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第11期4卷 718-728页

作者： Ann-kathrin Biewener University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany

Israel is on the way to become a secular state. Parts of the society are separating from the religious authority. Under the international pressure of the globalization it is getting more important for Israel to integrate in the western interpretation of secularization. It seems that a secular Israel could resolve the political and social inequality between the ethnic groups. But the process of secularization causes a couple of problems in the society. Since years Israel is on the move to fred his identity in a pluralistic and globalized world. The religious affiliation is decreasing in Israel. People do not believe privately anymore. In public it is still demonstrated, that Israel is united in the religious beliefs. Nationalism regains strength in Israel and causes new conflicts. This qualitative work based on hermeneutic and media analyses will show how problematic the way of secularization is and that the society will be probably even more unequal than before. If Israel is losing his ties of religious beliefs it needs to find a new identity But the increase of secularization causes also the increase of nationalism. Nationalism and in his extreme forms of religious nationalism or ethnocentrism will jeopardize equality under the population. Thus, the question has to be answered if a secular Israel will be more open, pluralistic or equal and fmaUy better prepared to meet the challenges of the politically unstable Middle East region and the globalization.

关键词： Israel Judaism secularization ethnicity nationalism

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S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(SNACET) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(NACET)–Cysteine-based drug candidates with unique pharmacological profiles for oral use as NO, H_2S and GSH suppliers and as antioxidants: Results and overview

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第1期8卷 1-9页

作者： Dimitrios Tsikas kathrin S.Schwedhelm Andrzej Surdacki Daniela Giustarini Ranieri Rossi Lea Kukoc-Modun George Kedia Stefan ückert Institute of Toxicology Core Unit Proteomics Hannover Medical School Second Department of Cardiology Jagiellonian University Medical College Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience University of Siena Department of Life Sciences Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Siena Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Technology University of Split Department of Urology and Urological Oncology Hannover Medical School

S-Nitrosothiols or thionitrites with the general formula RSNO are formally composed of the nitrosyl cation(NOt) and a thiolate(RSà), the base of the corresponding acids RSH. The smallest S-nitrosothiol is HSNO and derives from hydrogen sulfide(HSH, H_2S). The most common physiological S-nitrosothiols are derived from the amino acid L-cysteine(Cys SH). Thus, the simplest S-nitrosothiol is S-nitroso-L-cysteine(Cys SNO). Cys SNO is a spontaneous potent donor of nitric oxide(NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase to form cyclic guanosine monophosphate(c GMP). This activation is associated with multiple biological actions that include relaxation of smooth muscle cells and inhibition of platelet *** NO, Cys SNO is a short-lived species and occurs physiologically at concentrations around 1 n M in human blood. Cys SNO can be formed from Cys SH and higher oxides of NO including nitrous acid(HONO)and its anhydride(N_2O_3). The most characteristic feature of RSNO is the S-transnitrosation reaction by which the NOtgroup is reversibly transferred to another thiolate. By this way numerous RSNO can be formed such as the low-molecular-mass S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine(SNAC) and S-nitroso-glutathione(GSNO), and the high-molecular-mass S-nitrosol-L-cysteine hemoglobin(Hb Cys SNO) present in erythrocytes and S-nitrosol-L-cysteine albumin(Alb Cys SNO) present in plasma at concentrations of the order of 200 n M. All above mentioned RSNO exert NO-related biological activity, but they must be administered intravenously. This important drawback can be overcome by lipophilic charge-free ***, we prepared the ethyl ester of SNAC, the S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(SNACET), from synthetic N-acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester(NACET). Both NACET and SNACET have improved pharmacological features over N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine(SNAC), respectively,including higher oral bioavailability. SNACET exerts NO-related activities which can be

关键词： CGMP Nitric oxide S-Nitrosothiols Oxidative stress Pharmaceuticals

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Development of Bulk Organic Chemical Processes—History,Status,and Opportunities for Academic Research

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第3期3卷 512-530页

作者： Carolin Schneider Thomas Leischner Pavel Ryabchuk Ralf Jackstell kathrin Junge Matthias Beller Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. 18059 Rostock Galapagos NV 2800 Mechelen

The production of bulk organic chemicals has a strong impact on our daily *** this review,an overview of important industrial processes using homogeneous catalysts is *** specific carbonylation and hydrogenation case studies,we want to show how basic research can contribute to the development of such processes and what challenges exist in this area of academic research.

关键词： catalysis bulk chemicals chemical processes sustainability methanol carbonylation hydrogenation

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A Survey of Control Structures for Reconfigurable Petri Nets

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2015年第2期3卷 20-28页

作者： Julia Padberg kathrin Hoffmann Hamburg University of Applied Science Hamburg Germany

Software systems are increasingly executed in dynamic infrastructures. These infrastructures are dynamic as they are themselves subject to change as they support various applications that may or may not share some of the resources. Dynamic software systems become more and more important, but are difficult to handle. Modeling and simulating dynamic systems requires the representation of their processes and the system changes within one model. To that effect, reconfigurable Petri nets consist of a Petri net and a set of rules that can modify the Petri net. Their main feature is the capability to model complex coordination behavior in dynamically adapting infrastructures. The interplay of both levels of dynamic behavior requires a very precise description, so the specification when and which rules are to be applied plays a crucial role for the convenient use of reconfigurable nets. We differentiate several types of reconfigurable Petri nets and present a survey of control structure for these types, reconfigurable Petri nets. These control structures either concern the infrastructure, i.e., the rules and transformations or the system part, i.e., the firing behavior, or both. They are introduced by a short characterization and illustrated by examples. We state the results for various Petri net types and the tools supporting the different control structures.

关键词： Reconfigurable Petri Nets Net Transformation Control Structures Model Transformation Dynamic Software Systems

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Transgenerational Inheritance and Resetting of Stress, Induced Loss of Epigenetic Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第3期3卷 594-602页

作者： Christina Lang-Mladek Olga Popova kathrin Kiok Marc Berlinger Branislava Rakic Werner Aufsatz Claudia Jonak Marie-Theres Hauser Christian Luschnig Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Applied Life Sciences and Natural Resources (BOKU) Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology Austrian Academy of Sciences Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3 1030 Vienna Austria

Plants, as sessile organisms, need to sense and adapt to heterogeneous environments and have developed sophisticated responses by changing their cellular physiology, gene regulation, and genome stability. Recent work dem- onstrated heritable stress effects on the control of genome stability in plants--a phenomenon that was suggested to be of epigenetic nature. Here, we show that temperature and UV-B stress cause immediate and heritable changes in the epi- genetic control of a silent reporter gene in Arabidopsis. This stress-mediated release of gene silencing correlated with pronounced alterations in histone occupancy and in histone H3 acetylation but did not involve adjustments in DNA meth- ylation. We observed transmission of stress effects on reporter gene silencing to non-stressed progeny, but this effect was restricted to areas consisting of a small number of cells and limited to a few non-stressed progeny generations. Further- more, stress-induced release of gene silencing was antagonized and reset during seed aging. The transient nature of this phenomenon highlights the ability of plants to restrict stress-induced relaxation of epigenetic control mechanisms, which likely contributes to safeguarding genome integrity.

关键词： Abiotic stress epigenome stability histone acetylation gene silencing.

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Uterine biology in pigs and sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第3期3卷 109-129页

作者： Fuller W Bazer Gwonhwa Song Jinyoung Kim kathrin A Dunlap Michael Carey Satterfield Gregory A Johnson Robert C Burghardt Guoyao Wu Department of Animal Science 442D Kleberg Center 2471 TAMU Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-2471 USA Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-2471 USA

There is a dialogue between the developing conceptus （embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes） and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells, placentation and exchange of nutrients and gases. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms sustain the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea （CL） which produce progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for a successful outcome of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. With proper placentation, the fetal fluids and fetal membranes each have unique functions to ensure hematotrophic and histotrophic nutrition in support of growth and development of the fetus. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in sheep and pigs and gaps in knowledge that must be the subject of research in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of livestock species.

关键词： Genes Growth factors Interferon stimulated Pregnancy Pregnancy recognition Uterus

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Novel Screen-Printed All-Solid-State Copper(II)-Selective Electrode for Mobile Environmental Analysis

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第7期7卷 525-532页

作者： Johannes Schwarz kathrin Trommer Michael Mertig Kurt-Schwabe Institut für Mess -und Sensortechnik e.V. Meinsberg Waldheim Germany Institut für Physikalische Chemie Technische Universit&auml t Dresden Dresden Germany

Based on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, a novel miniaturized screen-printed all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrode has been developed for applications in environmental monitoring. Performance and applicability of the ion-selective electrode (ISE) have been proved by potentiometric investigations. Conducting polymers were used as intermediate layers and as solid contacts between the ion-selective membrane and the graphite transducer. The ion-complexing reagent 2-mercapto-benzoxazole was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) membranes. In the concentration range 10-6 - 10-2 mol/L, the ISE exhibited a linear Nernstian potential response to copper(II) with an average slope value of 28 mV/decade. The detection limit was 3 × 10-7 mol/L. The electrode exhibits a short response time (<10 s) and can be used in the range of pH = 3 - 7. Selectivity coefficents against certain interfering ions are investigated. The life time of the electrode under laboratory conditions was approximately 12-month. The electrode was applied in the investigation of different aqueous environmental samples and the electrode characteristics were described. The copper(II) ASS electrode has also successfully been used in potentiometric, complexometric titrations with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

关键词： All-Solid-State Copper(II)-Selective Electrode Conducting Polymers Potentiometric Titration Environmental Samples

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Triose phosphate export from chloroplasts and cellular sugar content regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis during high light acclimation

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Plant Communications 2023年第1期4卷 42-61页

作者： Max-Emanuel Zirngibl Galileo Estopare Araguirang Anastasia Kitashova kathrin Jahnke Tobias Rolka Christine Kühn Thomas Nägele Andreas S.Richter University of Rostock Institute for BiosciencesPhysiology of Plant MetabolismAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 318059 RostockGermany Humboldt-Universit€at zu Berlin Institute of BiologyPhysiology of Plant Cell OrganellesPhilippstrasse 1310115 BerlinGermany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit€at M€unchen Faculty of BiologyPlant Evolutionary Cell Biology82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany

Plants have evolvedmultiple strategies to cope with rapid changes in the *** high light(HL)acclimation,the biosynthesis of photoprotective flavonoids,such as anthocyanins,is ***,the exact nature of the signal and downstreamfactors forHL induction of flavonoid biosynthesis(FB)is still under ***,we show that carbon fixation in chloroplasts,subsequent export of photosynthates by triose phosphate/phosphate translocator(TPT),and rapid increase in cellular sugar content permit the transcriptional and metabolic activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during HL *** combination with genetic and physiological analysis,targeted and whole-transcriptome gene expression studies suggest that reactive oxygen species and phytohormones play only a minor role in rapid HL induction of the anthocyanin branch of *** addition to transcripts of FB,sugar-responsive genes showed delayed repression or induction in tpt-2 during HL treatment,and a significant overlapwith transcripts regulated by SNF1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)was observed,including a central transcription factor of *** of mutants with increased and repressed SnRK1 activity suggests that sugar-induced inactivation of SnRK1 is required for HL-mediated activation of anthocyanin *** study emphasizes the central role of chloroplasts as sensors for environmental changes as well as the vital function of sugar signaling in plant acclimation.

关键词： flavonoid biosynthesis acclimation sugar signaling high light anthocyanin SnRK1

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Is There a Metabolic Requirement for Photorespiratory Enzyme Activities in Heterotrophic Tissues？

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 248-251页

作者： Adriano Nunes-Nesi Alexandra Florian Andrew Howden kathrin Jahnke Stefan Timm Hermann Bauwe Lee Sweetlove Alisdair R. Fernie Max Planck Partner Group Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vicosa 36570-000 Vicosa Minas Gerais Brazil Central Metabolism Group Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muehlenberg 1 D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX2 3RB UK Department of Plant Physiology University of Rostock D-18051 Rostock Germany

Photorespiration is an essential metabolic process in leaves that facilitates recovery of carbon lost by the oxygenase reaction of Rubisco and avoids the accumulation of the toxic product, 2-phosphoglycolate （2PG） of this reaction （Bauwe et al., 2012）. However, there is also evidence to suggest that photorespiration has a more complex role during normal growth than the mere detoxification of 2PG and the recovery of 3-phosphoglycerate （3PGA）（Bauwe et al., 2012）.

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