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Peripheral Vascular and Neuromuscular responses to Ultramarathon running

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第2期4卷 99-108页

作者： rian Q.Landers-ramos kathleen r.dondero robert W.rowland Derrick Larkins Odessa Addison Department of Kinesiology Towson University8000 York RdTowsonMD 21252USA Department of Physical Therapy and rehabilitation Sciences University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Veterans Affairs Geriatric research Education and Clinical CenterBaltimoreMDUSA

Participation in ultramarathon events has grown substantially in the past decade.However,poor understanding of the physiological outcomes associated with participation in this sport prevents athletes and clinicians from adequately addressing performance and recovery tactics.The purpose of this review was to summarize developments in the literature in the last 10 years regarding acute and chronic responses to ultramarathon running with a focus on the peripheral vascular system,neuromuscular outcomes,and running mechanics.Evidence suggests that there are acute impairments in large artery compliance especially following the longer ultramarathon distances.However,most literature indicates that chronic vascular impairments are not evident in ultramarathon runners.Both central and peripheral fatigue mechanisms contribute to declines in muscle force production that may last up to several weeks in some muscles following an ultramarathon.Alterations in gait kinematics and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity increase the metabolic cost of running over prolonged running distances(>4 h).Several factors such as elevation changes and nutritional practices make interpretation of findings challenging.Future studies are needed to better understand the interplay among systems and how external factors contribute to these outcomes to optimize performance and inform recovery strategies in this increasingly popular sport.

关键词： Aerobic exercise Vascular stiffness Muscle fatigue Kinematics Ultramarathon running running mechanics

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Optimization of enhanced weathering networks with alternative transportation modes

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Carbon resources Conversion 2022年第2期5卷 167-176页

作者： raymond r.Tan Beatriz A.Belmonte Michael Francis D.Benjamin Viknesh Andiappan kathleen B.Aviso Department of Chemical Engineering De La Salle University2401 Taft Avenue0922 ManilaPhilippines research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences/Department of Chemical Engineering University of Santo TomasEspana Blvd.1015 ManilaPhilippines School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Malaysia62200PutrajayaWilayah Persekutuan PutrajayaMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Computing and ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyJalan Simpang Tiga93350KuchingSarawakMalaysia

Enhanced weathering of alkaline rocks and minerals is a negative emissions technology (NET) that is potentiallyscalable to deliver gigaton-level carbon dioxide removal (CDr) for climate change mitigation. This techniquerelies on the acceleration of naturally occurring weathering reactions with water and carbon dioxide by reducingthese substances into a fine powder with high specific surface area. The ex situ enhanced weathering processchain consists of the acquisition of suitable natural or synthetic materials, grinding to a fine particle size,transportation, and application on suitable sites. Future enhanced weathering systems can be envisioned assupply chain-like networks which have to be optimized to deliver maximum CDr given physical constraints.There is a notable research gap in the literature on decision support for such systems. To address this gap, amixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed in this work to optimize enhanced weatheringnetworks for CDr. The model also incorporates the availability of multiple transportation options and constraintson network topology. Two test cases are used to demonstrate the model capability to determine optimal andnear-optimal networks. The top ten solutions in these two scenarios yield total CDr levels of 3.4316–3.4363 Mtand 15.27017–15.27960 Mt.

关键词： Process integration Optimization Mathematical programming Carbon drawdown Carbon management network Decarbonization

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Can rarefaction be used to estimate song repertoire size in birds？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 300-306页

作者： kathleen r. PESHEK Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN The rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Box 519 Crested Butte CO 81224 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA

Song repertoire size is the number of distinct syllables, phrases, or song types produced by an individual or population. repertoire size estimation is particularly difficult for species that produce highly variable songs and those that produce many song types. Estimating repertoire size is important for ecological and evolutionary studies of speciation, studies of sexual selection, as well as studies of how species may adapt their songs to various acoustic environments. There are several methods to estimate repertoire size, however prior studies discovered that all but a full numerical count of song types might have substantial inaccuracies associated with them. We evaluated a somewhat novel approach to estimate repertoire size—rarefaction; a technique ecologists use to measure species diversity on individual and population levels. Using the syllables within American robins’Turdus migratoriusrepertoire, we compared the most commonly used techniques of estimating repertoires to the results of a rarefaction analysis. American robins have elaborate and unique songs with few syllables shared between individuals, and there is no evidence that robins mimic their neighbors. Thus, they are an ideal system in which to compare techniques. We found that the rarefaction technique results resembled that of the numerical count, and were better than two alternative methods (behavioral accumulation curves, and capture-recapture) to estimate syllable repertoire size. Future estimates of repertoire size, particularly in vocally complex species, may benefit from using rarefaction techniques when numerical counts are unable to be performed.

关键词：模估计歌曲曲目稀薄物种多样性稀疏技术鸟类生态学家

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Genetic variability of the stable fly assessed on a global scale using amplified fragment length polymorphism

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 695-703页

作者： kathleen M Kneeland Steven r. Skoda John E. Foster Department of Entomology 103 Entomology Haft University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USDA-ArS-KBUSLIrL Screwworm research Unit 2700 Fredericksburg Road Kern/ille TX 78028 USA

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans （L.）（Diptera： Muscidae）, is a blood-feeding, economically important pest of animals and humans worldwide. Improved management strategies are essential and their development would benefit from studies on genetic di- versity of stable flies. Especially if done on a global scale, such research could generate information necessary for the development and application of more efficient control meth- ods. Herein we report on a genetic study of stable flies using amplified fragment length polymorphism, with samples of 10-40 individuals acquired from a total of 25 locations in the Nearctic, Neotropic, Palearctic, Afrotropic and Australasian biogeographical regions. We hypothesized that genetic differentiation would exist across geographical barriers. Although Fsx （0.33） was moderately high, the Gsx （0.05; representing genetic diversity between individuals） was very low; Nm values （representing gene flow） were high （9.36）. The mismatch distribution and tests of neutrality suggested population expansion, with no genetic differentiation between locations. The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） results showed the majority of genetic diversity was within groups. The mantel test showed no correlation between geographic and genetic distance; this strongly supports the AMOVA results. These results suggest that stable flies did not show genetic differentiation but are panmictic, with no evidence of isolation by distance or across geographical barriers.

关键词： AFLP biting flies external parasites genetic diversity livestock pests Stomoxys calcitrans

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Probiotic metabolites from Bacillus coagulans GanedenBC30^(TM) support maturation of antigen-presenting cells in vitro

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第16期18卷 1875-1883页

作者： kathleen F Benson Kimberlee A redman Steve G Carter David Keller Sean Farmer John r Endres Gitte S Jensen NIS Labs 1437 EsplanadeKlamath FallsOR 97601United States Ganeden Biotech 5915 Landerbrook DriveMayfield HeightsOH 44124United States AIBMr Life Sciences 4117 S MeridianPuyallupWA 98373United States

AIM:To study the effects of probiotic metabolites on maturation stage of antigen-presenting immune cells.METHODS:Ganeden Bacillus coagulans 30(GBC30) bacterial cultures in log phase were used to isolate the secreted metabolite(MET) fraction.A second fraction was made to generate a crude cell-wall-enriched fraction,by centrifugation and lysis,followed by washing.A preparation of MET was subjected to size exclusion centrifugation,generating three fractions:re tested in comparison to crude MET and cell wall in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) as a source of antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes.The maturation status of mononuclear phagocytes was evaluated by staining with monoclonal antibodies towards CD14,CD16,CD80 and CD86 and analyzed by flow cytometry.rESULTS:Treatment of PBMC with MET supported maturation of mononuclear phagocytes toward both macrophage and dendritic cell phenotypes.The biological activity unique to the metabolites included a reduction of CD14+ CD16+ pro-inflammatory cells,and this property was associated with the high molecular weight metabolite fraction.Changes were also seen for the dendritic cell maturation markers CD80 and CD86.On CD14dim cells,an increase in both CD80 and CD86 expression was seen,in contrast to a selective increase in CD86 expression on CD14bright cells.The co-expression of CD80 and CD86 indicates effective antigen presentation to T cells and support of T helper cell differentiation.The selective expression of CD86 in the absence of CD80 points to a role in generating T regulatory cells.CONCLUSION:The data show that a primary mechanism of action of GBC30 metabolites involves support of more mature phenotypes of antigen-presenting cells,important for immunological decision-making.

关键词：抗原呈递细胞凝结芽孢杆菌成熟阶段代谢产物益生菌外周血单核细胞调节性T细胞 CD80

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Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis by Panax Notoginseng Saponins Combined with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Surgical Patients

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第9期28卷 771-778页

作者： WANG Chun-mei GUO Xiang-feng LIU Li-min HUANG Ying MENG Liang SONG Li-po WU Ying-feng NING Ya-chan kathleen H.reilly WANG Hai-bo Department of Vascular Surgery Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100053China Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing100020China Department of Orthopaedics Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100053China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention New York CityNY12237USA Peking University Clinical research Institute Peking University First HospitalBeijing100191China

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)prevention among realworld surgical inpatients who received panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)combined with low-molecularweight heparin(LMWH).Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted among surgical patients between January 2016 and November 2018 in Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China.Participants received LMWH alone or PNS combined with LMWH for preventing DVT.The primary outcome was incidence of lower extremity DVT,which was screened once a week.Participants in the LMWH group were given LMWH(enoxaparin)via hypodermic injection,4000-8000 AxalU once daily.Participants in the exposure group received PNS(Xuesaitong oral tablets,100 mg,3 times daily)combined with LMWH given the same as LMWH group.results:Of the 325 patients screened for the study,281 participants were included in the final analysis.The cohort was divided into PNS+LMWH group and LMWH group with 134 and 147 participants,respectively.There was a significant difference of DVT incidence between two groups(P=0.01),with 21(15.7%)incident DVT in the PNS+LMWH group,and 41(27.9%)incident DVT in the LMWH group.Compared with participants without DVT,the participants diagnosed with DVT were older and had higher D-dimer level.The multivariate logistic regression moclel showed a significant lower risk of incident DVT among participants in the PNS+LMWH group compared with the LMWH group(odds ratio 0.46,95%confidence interval,0.25-0.86).There were no significant differences in thromboelaslography values(including r,K,Angle,and MA)and differences in severe bleeding between two groups.No symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurred during the study.Conclusion:Combined application of PNS and LMWH can effectively reduce the incidence of DVT among surgical inpatients compared with LMWH monotherapy,without increased risk of bleeding.

关键词： panax notoginseng saponins deep vein thrombosis low-molecular-weight heparin thromboelastography risk factor

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EEG/ErP evidence of possible hyperexcitability in older adults with elevated beta-amyloid

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 835-844页

作者： Hannes Devos kathleen Gustafson Ke Liao Pedram Ahmadnezhad Bradley Estes Laura E.Martin Jonathan D.Mahnken William M.Brooks Jeffrey M.Burns Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Scienceand Athletic TrainingUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Population Health University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biostatistics and Data Science University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA.

Background: Although growing evidence links beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neuronal hyperexcitability in preclinical mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a similar association in humans is yet to be established. The first aim of the study was to determine the association between elevated Aβ (Aβ+) and cognitive processes measured by the P3 event-related potential (ErP) in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. The second aim was to compare the event- related power between CNAβ+ and CNAβ−. Methods: Seventeen CNAβ+ participants (age: 73 ± 5, 11 females, Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score 26 ± 2) and 17 CNAβ- participants group-matched for age, sex, and MOCA completed a working memory task (n-back with n = 0, 1, 2) test while wearing a 256-channel electro-encephalography net. P3 peak amplitude and latency of the target, nontarget and task difference effect (nontarget−target), and event-related power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, extracted from Fz, Cz, and Pz, were compared between groups using linear mixed models. P3 ampli-tude of the task difference effect at Fz and event-related power in the delta band were considered main outcomes. Correlations of mean Aβ standard uptake value ratios (SUVr) using positron emission tomography with P3 amplitude and latency of the task difference effect were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient r. results: The P3 peak amplitude of the task difference effect at Fz was lower in the CNAβ+ group (P = 0.048). Simi-larly, power was lower in the delta band for nontargets at Fz in the CNAβ+ participants (P = 0.04). The CNAβ+ partici-pants also demonstrated higher theta and alpha power in channels at Cz and Pz, but no changes in P3 ErP. Strong correlations were found between the mean Aβ SUVr and the latency of the 1-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.003) and 2-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.004) of the task difference effect at channel Fz in the CNAβ+ group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the elevated amyloid in cognitively normal older adults is associated with neuronal hyperexci

关键词： Event-related potentials Electro-encephalography Working memory Older adults Preclinical Beta-amyloid

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Eco-districts in France:What tools to ensure goals achievement?

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第6期63卷 865-874页

作者： kathleen BOQUET Charline FrOITIEr Jinhui LI Kaihua XU Xianlai ZENG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Higher Institute for Environmental Engineering and Management MINES ParisTechParis Cedex 06France GEM Company Limited Shenzhen 518101China

Globally,to build cities and communities more inclusive,safe,resilient and sustainable is one of the most important sustainable development goals.Eco-districts in cities emerged as an answer to current global environmental concerns and have been developed in France since the 1990s.The objective of this work is to gather operational feedback from sustainable neighborhood projects owners to better understand the key barriers of such projects and how to overcome them.A case study of the eco-district Les Tanneries,Lingolsheim showed that the carbon footprint of each inhabitant annually amounted to 4 tons CO2 equivalent,more than half of the French average.rooms for improvements were clearly identified regarding transports and food carbon footprint.Indicators for energy consumption,social diversity and density reached the level of the eco-districts average.A governance review pointed out some superior practices such as the formalization of a specification requirements handbook,a competition between project management teams,and the use of neighborhood sustainability assessment tools to measure and track changes in performance.The validated tools and obtained results can be useful in building sustainable cities and even China’s ecological civilization.

关键词： Geography and environment City management Eco-district Sustainability Assessment France

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Phytotoxicity Assessment of Biofertilizer Produced from Bioreactor Composting Technology Using Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seeds

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第5期13卷 257-270页

作者： Eva r. Orlina Neil Angelo D. Besana Gene T. Señeris kathleen C. Capiña Department of Plant Science College of Agriculture Forestry and Environmental Sciences Aklan State University Banga Philippines

Establishing reliable technological information on the safety of biofertilizers produced from a bioreactor composting technique is a must prior to its commercialization. A phytotoxicity study of biofertilizer made from the bioreactor composting technology at Aklan State University, Banga, Aklan, Philippines was conducted for fourteen (14) days using commercially available lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). Standard phytotoxicity attributes such as hypocotyl length, radicle length, relative germination percentage, and relative radicle growth observed during the germination stage were evaluated. results revealed no significant difference in the radicle lengths of the germinated lettuce seeds as affected by the varying levels of biofertilizer dilution at H(3) = 10.567, p = 0.061 > 0.05. On the other hand, the hypocotyl length of the lettuce showed significant differences in response to varying levels of biofertilizer dilution with Welch’s F(5, 5.163) = 8.175, p = 0.017 rent levels of biofertilizer affected significantly the germination percentage of lettuce seeds F(5, 12) = 5.822, p = 0.006 rtilizer treatments indicated a decrease in relative germination percentage. However, those seeds applied with 10% biofertilizer have the highest reduction of germination percentage, equivalent to 86.9% (rGP = 13.10%). All levels of biofertilizer showed an increase in radicle growth in contrast to the negative control plant except for the one given a 10% level of biofertilizer. Seeds that received 10% biofertilizer showed an extremely high reduction in radicle growth, equivalent to 72.22% (rrG = 27.78%). The study shows that applying low levels of the bioreactor-produced biofertilizer will observably reduce the measure of the germination characteristics of lettuce seeds, but not necessarily low enough to be considered phytotoxic. However, the application of at least 10% bioreactor-produced biofertilizer can presumptively lead to phytotoxicity.

关键词： Biofertilizer Bioreactor Germination Lettuce And Phytotoxicity

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D614G and SArS-CoV-2 replication fitness

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第4期6卷 1073-1074页

作者： kathleen D.Engelman Alan N.Engelman MassBiologics University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Molecular determinants of SArS-CoV-2 replication fitness and sensitivity to neutralization via the humoral immune response critically inform efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.Work published recently by Plante et al.in Nature highlights a key role for the D614G variant of the viral spike glycoprotein(S protein)in these processes.

关键词： al. processes. D61

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