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Association of subcutaneous testosterone pellet therapy with developing secondary polycythemia

Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第2期20卷 195-199页

作者： katherine lang rotker Michael Alavian Bethany Nelson Grayson L Baird Martin M Miner Mark Sigman Kathleen Hwang Division of Urology Brown University Providence RI 02903 USA Department of Biostatistics Lifespan Healthcare System Providence RI 02903 USA

A variety of methods for testosterone replacement therapy （TRT） exist, and the major potential risks of TRT have been well established. The risk of developing polycythemia secondary to exogenous testosterone （T） has been reported to range from 0.4% to 40%. Implantable T pellets have been used since 1972, and secondary polycythemia has been reported to be as low as 0.4% with this administration modality. However, our experience has suggested a higher rate. We conducted an institutional review board-approved, single-institution, retrospective chart review （2009-2013） to determine the rate of secondary polycythemia in 228 men treated with subcutaneously implanted testosterone pellets. Kaplan-Meyer failure curves were used to estimate time until the development of polycythemia （hematocrit 〉50%）. The mean number of pellets administered was 12 （range： 6-16）. The mean follow-up was 566 days. The median time to development of polycythemia whereby 50% of patients developed polycythemia was 50 months. The estimated rate of polycythemia at 6 months was 10.4%, 12 months was 17.3%, and 24 months was 30.2%. We concluded that the incidence of secondary polycythemia while on T pellet therapy may be higher than previously established.

关键词： hypogonadism pellet polycythemia testosterone

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2021年第5期12卷 100-108页

作者： Cheyenne Moffett katherine J. Kost Austen Thompson Michael H. Ossipov Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Sumiyo Umeda-Raffa Robert B. Raffa Tally M. Largent-Milnes Todd Vanderah Department of Pharmacology and Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Inc. Naples FL USA Neumentum Inc. Morristown NJ USA Enalare Therapeutics Naples FL USA Pharmaceutical Sciences (Form. Faculty) Hokkaido University of Science Hokkaido Japan School of Pharmacy (Prof Em.) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

The benzodiazepines were introduced into medical practice during the 1960s. At the time, they represented a safer alternative to extant therapies used for anxiety, such as the barbiturates. However, on September 23, 2020, the United States FDA indicated that more is needed to be known about the initiation, continuation, and discontinuation of the use of these widely-used drugs with publication of the announcement “to address the serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reactions, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the Boxed Warning be updated for all benzodiazepine medicines.” Because for many years, there has been a sparsity of research on these drugs, relevant information is unfortunately lacking at this critical time. It is therefore valuable to (re)establish animal models and begin to collect relevant data. We here use a model of conditioned place lang="EN-US" style="white-space:normal;font-family:Verdan

关键词： Benzodiazepine Conditioned Placepreference Alprazolam Female Rats

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