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Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: An in silico pharmacological model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第8期13卷 366-374页

作者： Mila Nu Nu Htay Ian M Hastings Eva Maria Hodel katherine kay Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool L35QAUnited Kingdom Department of Community Medicine Melaka-Manipal Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)MelakaMalaysia Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme BlantyreMalawi University of Liverpool Liverpool L693GFUnited Kingdom Metrum Research Group TariffvilleConnecticut06081United States of America

Objective:To explore the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy(IPTp)with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine(SP)against sensitive ***:A pharmacological model was used to investigate the effectiveness of the previous recommended at least two-dose regimen,currently recommended three-dose regimen and 4,6,8-weekly regimens with specific focus on the impact of various nonadherence patterns in multiple transmission ***:The effectiveness of the recommended three-dose regimen is high in all the transmission intensities,i.e.>99%,98%and 92%in low,moderate and high transmission intensities *** simulated 4 and 6 weekly IPTp-SP regimens were able to prevent new infections with sensitive parasites in almost all women(>99%)regardless of transmission ***,8 weekly interval dose schedules were found to have 71%and 86%protective efficacies in high and moderate transmission areas,*** highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp-SP doses are ***:The pharmacological model predicts that full adherence to the currently recommended three-dose regimen should provide almost complete protection from malaria infection in moderate and high transmission ***,it also highlights that patients are particularly vulnerable to acquiring new infections if IPTp doses are spaced too widely or if doses are *** to the recommended IPTp-SP schedules is recommended.

关键词： Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine Malaria infection in pregnancy Three-dose regimen In silico pharmacological model

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Leveraging tuberculosis case relative locations to enhance case detection and linkage to care in Swaziland

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 355-360页

作者： Marie Brunetti Sathyanath Rajasekharan Piluca Ustero katherine Ngo Welile Sikhondze Buli Mzileni Anna Mandalakas Alexander W.kay Clinton Health Access Initiative MbabaneSwaziland Global TB Program Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineBaylor International Pediatric AIDS InitiativePO Box 110MbabaneSwaziland Swaziland National Tuberculosis Control Program MbabaneSwaziland Global TB Program Baylor Children’s Foundation-SwazilandMbabaneSwaziland

Background:In Swaziland,as in many high HIV/TB burden settings,there is not information available regarding the household location of TB cases for identifying areas of increased TB incidence,limiting the development of targeted *** from“Butimba”,a TB REACH active case finding project,was re-analyzed to provide insight into the location of TB cases surrounding Mbabane,***:The project aimed to identify geographical areas with high TB burdens to inform active case finding ***:Butimba implemented household contact tracing;obtaining landmark based,informal directions,to index case homes,defined here as relative *** relative locations were matched to census enumeration areas(known location reference areas)using the Microsoft Excel Fuzzy Lookup *** 403 relative locations,an enumeration area reference was detected in 388(96%).TB cases in each census enumeration area and the active case finders in each Tinkhundla,a local governmental region,were mapped using the geographic information system,QGIS ***:Urban Tinkhundla predictably accounted for most cases;however,after adjusting for population,the highest density of cases was found in rural *** was no correlation between the number of active case finders currently assigned to the 7 Tinkhundla surrounding Mbabane and the total number of TB cases(Spearman rho=−0.57,p=0.17)or the population adjusted TB cases(Spearman rho=0.14,p=0.75)per ***:Reducing TB incidence in high-burden settings demands novel analytic approaches to study TB case *** demonstrated the feasibility of linking relative locations to more precise geographical areas,enabling data-driven guidance for National Tuberculosis Programs’resource *** collaboration with the Swazi National Tuberculosis Control Program,this analysis highlighted opportunities to better align the active case finding national strategy with the TB disease burden.

关键词： Mapping Geospatial Relative location Active case finding

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Computational cytometer based on magnetically modulated coherent imaging and deep learning

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 385-399页

作者： Yibo Zhang Mengxing Ouyang Aniruddha Ray Tairan Liu Janay Kong Bijie Bai Donghyuk Kim Alexander Guziak Yi Luo Alborz Feizi katherine Tsai Zhuoran Duan Xuewei Liu Danny Kim Chloe Cheung Sener Yalcin Hatice Ceylan Koydemir Omai B.Garner Dino Di Carlo Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT 06510USA Department of Biochemistry University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Surgery David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Detecting rare cells within blood has numerous applications in disease *** rare cell detection techniques are typically hindered by their high cost and low ***,we present a computational cytometer based on magnetically modulated lensless speckle imaging,which introduces oscillatory motion to the magneticbead-conjugated rare cells of interest through a periodic magnetic force and uses lensless time-resolved holographic speckle imaging to rapidly detect the target cells in three dimensions(3D).In addition to using cell-specific antibodies to magnetically label target cells,detection specificity is further enhanced through a deep-learning-based classifier that is based on a densely connected pseudo-3D convolutional neural network(P3D CNN),which automatically detects rare cells of interest based on their spatio-temporal features under a controlled magnetic *** demonstrate the performance of this technique,we built a high-throughput,compact and cost-effective prototype for detecting MCF7 cancer cells spiked in whole blood *** serial dilution experiments,we quantified the limit of detection(LoD)as 10 cells per millilitre of whole blood,which could be further improved through multiplexing parallel imaging channels within the same *** compact,cost-effective and high-throughput computational cytometer can potentially be used for rare cell detection and quantification in bodily fluids for a variety of biomedical applications.

关键词： rare magnetic speckle

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The Or Gene Enhances Carotenoid Accumulation and Stability During Post-Harvest Storage of Potato Tubers

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 339-352页

作者： Li Li Yong Yang Qiang Xu katherine Owsiany Ralf Welsch Chureeporn Chitchumroonchokchai Shan Lu Joyce Van Eck Xiu-Xin Deng Mark Failla Theodore W. Thannhauser Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA-ARS Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology （Ministry of Education） Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei China Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Department of Human Nutrition Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA State kay Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Provitamin A carotenoids in staple crops are not very stable during storage and their loss compromises nutritional quality. To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation and stability, we investigated transgenic potato tubers that expressed the cauliflower Orange （Or） gene. We found that the Or transgene not only promoted retention of 13-carotene level, but also continuously stimulated its accumulation during 5 months of cold storage. In contrast, no increased levels of carotenoids were observed in the tubers of vector-only controls or a yellow- flesh variety during the same period of storage. The increased carotenoid accumulation was found to be associated with the formation of lipoprotein-carotenoid sequestering structures, as well as with the enhanced abundance of phytoene synthase, a key enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, the provitamin A carotenoids stored were shown to be stable during simulated digestion and accessible for uptake by human intestinal absorptive cells. Proteomic analysis identified three major functional groups of proteins （i.e. heat shock proteins, glutathione-S-transferases, and carbohydrate metabolic proteins） that are potentially important in the Or-regulated carotenoid accumulation. Our results show that regulation of carotenoid sequestration capacity is an important mechanism by which carotenoid stability is regulated. Our findings suggest that induction of a proper sink structure formation in staple crops may provide the crops with a unique ability to promote and/or stabilize provitamin A accumulation during plant growth and post-harvest storage.

关键词： Carotenoids chromoplasts Or gene potato provitamin A loss staple crops post-harvest storage.

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2010年类风湿关节炎分类标准——美国风湿病学会和欧洲抗风湿病联盟的联合倡议

2010年类风湿关节炎分类标准——美国风湿病学会和欧洲抗风湿病联...

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贵州省医学会风湿病学分会第四届学术年会

作者： Daniel Aletaha Tuhina Neogi Alan J Silman Julia Funovits David T Felson Clifton O Bingham Ⅲ Neal S Birnbaum Gerd R Burmester Vivian P Bykerk Marc D Cohen Bernard Combe Karen H Costenbader Maxime Dougados Paul Emery Gianfranco Ferraccioli Johanna MW Hazes Kathryn Hobbs Tom WJ Huizinga Arthur Kavanaugh Jonathan kay Tore K Kvien Timothy Laing Philip Mease Henri A Menard Larry W Moreland Raymond L Naden Theodore Pincus Josef S Smolen Ewa Stanislawska-Biernat Deborah Symmons Paul P Tak katherine S Upchurch Jiri Vencovsky Frederick Wolfe Gillian Hawker 季兰岚邓雪蓉赵明田真张卓莉 Medical University of Vienna ViennaAustria Boston University School of Medicine BostonMassachusettsUSA

目的 :在早期类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)的诊断中,1987年美国风湿病学会(AmericanCollege of Rheumatology,ACR;旧称AmericanRheumatism Association,ARA)的诊断标准因为缺乏敏感度而受到质疑。本研究的目的是建立新的RA分类标准。方法 :由ACR和欧洲抗风湿病联盟(EuropeanLeague Against Rheumatism,EULAR)共同组成的工作小组,分三个阶段建立RA新的分类标准。研究的目标人群是初发的未分化关节炎患者,主要研究目的是寻找能够预测这些病人发展为RA的危险因素,并将RA疾病特点定义为持续性和/或侵蚀性关节炎。结果 :在新的分类标准中,确诊RA至少需要一个关节有明确的滑膜炎表现,除外其他可能导致滑膜炎症的疾病,同时以下四项评分的总分≥6分(最高10分):受累关节的数量和部位(0-5分)、血清学自身抗体异常(0-3分)、急性期反应物升高(0-1分)和症状持续时间(共分两级;0-1分)。结论 :既往诊断RA比较依赖骨破坏这一RA晚期表现,而新的分类标准着重于疾病早期表现而不是晚期特点,将疾病特点重新定义为持续性和/或侵蚀性滑膜炎。这一新标准的推出将再次强调了RA早期诊断的必要性以及早期有效治疗对于预防或减少不良后遗症的发生具有重要意义。

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