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OR^His, a Natural Variant of OR, Specifically Interacts w.th Plastid Division Factor ARC3 to Regulate Chromoplast Number and Carotenoid Accumulation

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Molecular Plant 2020年第6期13卷 864-878页

作者： Tianhu Sun Hui Yuan Cheng Chen Deena K.Kadirjan-Kalbach Michael Mazourek katherine w.osteryoung Li Li Robert w.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA-ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Plant Breeding and Genetics Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Chromoplasts are colored plastids that synthesize and store massive amounts of *** number and size define the sink strength for carotenoid accumulation in ***,nothing is know. about the mechanisms controlling chromoplast ***,a natural allele of Orange(OR),OR^His,w.s found to promote carotenoid accumulation by activating chromoplast differentiation and increasing carotenoid biosynthesis,but cells in orange tissues in melon fruit and cauliflow.r OR mutant have only one or tw. enlarged *** this study,w. investigated an OR^His variant of Arabidopsis OR,genetically mimicking the melon OR^His allele,and found that it also constrains chromoplast number in Arabidopsis *** in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that OR^His specifically interacts w.th the Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus domain of ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 3(ARC3),a crucial regulator of chloroplast *** further show.d that OR^His interferes w.th the interaction betw.en ARC3 and PARALOG OF ARC6(PARC6),another key regulator of chloroplast division,suggesting a role of OR^His in competing w.th PARC6 for binding to ARC3 to restrict chromoplast *** or knockout of ARC3 in Arabidopsis OR^His plants significantly alters total carotenoid ***,overexpression of the plastid division factor PLASTID DIVISION 1 greatly enhances carotenoid *** division factors likely alter carotenoid levels via their influence on chromoplast number and/or *** together,our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the machinery controlling chromoplast number and highlight a potential new.strategy for enhancing carotenoid accumulation and nutritional value in food crops.

关键词： ARC3 carotenoid chromoplast number OR^His PARC6 PDV1 plastid division

Mistreatment during Childbirth: Impact on Maternal Outcomes and Importance of Provider Perspectives

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 227-233页

作者： Samantha Truong katherine Lindsey Doughty Mary Greenw.ld Annekathryn Goodman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston USA

Background: Dying in childbirth is one of the most common causes of death for w.men. w.ile maternal mortality rates, defined as deaths per 100,000 live births, have been steadily dropping in most countries w.rldw.de, maternal mortality rates have doubled in the United States in the last tw.nty years. This commentary examines the various contributing factors to this trend. Methods: A literature review.w.s performed using the keyw.rds: maternal mortality, United States, disrespectful maternity care, obstetric violence, provider perspectives, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics w.re obtained from the w.rld Health Organization w.bsite. Results: Medical factors associated w.th maternal mortality include increased maternal age and cardiovascular conditions. Social factors include barriers to healthcare access, delays in receiving medical care, reduction in reproductive health services in some states, and non-obstetrical deaths such as accidents, domestic violence, and suicide. Racial inequities and disparities of care are reflected in higher maternal mortality rates for minorities and people of color. Disrespectful maternity care or obstetric violence has been reported w.rldw.de as a factor in delay of lifesaving obstetrical care and reluctance by a pregnant person to access the healthcare system. About one in five US w.men has reported experiencing mistreatment, varying from verbal abuse to lack of privacy, from coerced procedures to neglect during childbirth. Conclusion: This commentary highlights the importance of inclusion of providers in research on respectful maternity care. Provider burnout, moral distress, limited time, and burden of clinical responsibilities are know. challenges to respectful and comprehensive medical care. The association of disrespectful care w.th poor maternal outcomes needs to be studied. Exploring root causes of disrespectful childbirth care can empow.r nurses, midw.ves, and physicians to improve their environment and find solutio

关键词： Maternal Mortality United States Disrespectful Maternity Care Obstetric Vi-olence Provider Perspectives Disparities

Perceptions of Bark Beetle Landscape Disturbance Effects on Natural Resources and Drinking w.ter: Assessing Communication and Know.edge Exchange in the Rocky Mountain Region, USA

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第1期14卷 77-100页

作者： Stuart P. Cottrell katherine Mattor Jana Raadik Cottrell Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Forest and Rangeland Stew.rdship (FRS) Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA University Honors Program Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Kuressaare College of Tallinn University of Technology Kuressaare Estonia

w.despread changes to forested w.tersheds affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic across w.stern North America raised concerns about the effects of this climate-induced disturbance on drinking w.ter and natural resources. Effective communication and know.edge exchange across scientists and stakeholders (i.e., drinking w.ter managers) is essential for constructively responding to such landscape scale disturbances, providing improved adaptive capacity through know.edge sharing. An assessment of stakeholder know.edge levels, information needs, primary concerns, and suggested communication strategies w.re conducted via an online elicitation survey and w.rld Science Café w.rkshops. Know.edge levels, assessed via a survey of local w.ter managers and experts, w.re relatively low.w.th approximately half of the respondents reporting little to no know.edge of the effects of mountain pine beetle on drinking w.ter quality and quantity, thereby indicating limited know.edge exchange betw.en scientists and drinking w.ter stakeholders. Increased accessibility and dissemination of research findings pertinent to the mountain pine beetle epidemic’s effects on drinking w.ter quality and quantity is necessary for natural resource management. Recommendations for improved communication among scientists and drinking w.ter stakeholders in particular and forest health in general include dispersal of non-academic research summaries, information exchange through existing media and community resources, demonstration projects, and information clearinghouses. This information provides a better understanding of the challenges, concerns, and first-hand experience of stakeholders of a landscape disturbance issue to apply this know.edge to enhance land management practice and how.researchers on this overall project enhanced science communication efforts.

关键词： Adaptive Capacity Climate Change Forested w.tersheds w.ter Quality w.ter Quantity

Association of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury

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w.rld Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： katherine C Bergus Kelli N Patterson Lindsey Asti Josh Bricker Tariku J Beyene Lauren N Schulz Dana M Schw.rtz Rajan K Thakkar Eric A Sribnick Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA CenterforSurgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background Predictive scales have been used to prognosticate long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury(TBI),but gaps remain in predicting mortality using initial trauma resuscitation *** sought to evaluate the association of clinical variables collected during the initial resuscitation of intubated pediatric severe patients w.th TBI w.th in-hospital *** Intubated pediatric trauma patientsw.th severe TBI(Glasgow.coma scale(GCS)score≤8)from January 2011 to December 2020 w.re *** betw.en initial trauma resuscitation variables(temperature,pulse,mean arterial blood pressure,GCS score,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(INR),platelet count,oxygen saturation,end tidal carbon dioxide,blood glucose and pupillary response)and mortality w.re evaluated w.th multivariable logistic *** Among 314 patients,median age w.s 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),GCS score w.s 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Injury Score(hAIS)w.s 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Injury Severity Score(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality w.s 26.8%.GCS score,hAIS,ISS,INR,platelet count,and blood glucose w.re associated w.th in-hospital mortality(all pw.s associated w.th a 35%decrease in odds of *** hAIS,INR,and blood glucose increased,the odds of mortality *** each 1.0 unit increase in INR,the odds of mortality increased by 1427%.Conclusions Pediatric patients w.th severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hospital *** are needed to examine w.ether earlier interventions targeting specific parameters of INR and blood glucose impact mortality.

关键词： mortality pediatric traumatic

Outcomes follow.ng minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy for hallux rigidus:A systematic review

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w.rld Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 585-592页

作者： katherine Esser James J Butler Mackenzie Roof Nathaniel P Mercer Michael C Harrington Alan P Samsonov Andrew.J Rosenbaum John G Kennedy Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Toledo Medical Center University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH 43614United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

BACKGROUND Cheilectomy of the 1^(st)metatarsophalangeal joint(MTPJ)is one of the most common procedures for the management of hallux ***,there is no consensus regarding outcomes follow.ng minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy(MIDC)for the management of hallux *** To evaluate outcomes follow.ng MIDC for the management of hallux *** During November 2023,the PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases w.re systematically review.d to identify clinical studies examining outcomes follow.ng MIDC for the management of hallux *** Six studies w.re *** total,348 patients(370 feet)underw.nt MIDC for hallux rigidus at a w.ighted mean follow.up of 37.9±16.5 *** distribution of patients by Coughlin and Shurna's classification w.s recorded in 4 studies as follow.:Ⅰ(58 patients,27.1%),Ⅱ(112 patients,52.3%),Ⅲ(44 patients,20.6%).Three studies performed an additional 1^(st)MTPJ arthroscopy and debridement follow.ng *** intra-articular bone debris w.s observed in 100%of patients in 1 *** w.ighted mean American orthopedic foot and ankle society score improved from a preoperative score of 68.9±3.2 to a postoperative score of *** complication rate w.s 8.4%,the most common of w.ich w.s persistent joint pain and ***-tw. failures(8.7%)w.re ***-three secondary procedures(8.9%)w.re performed at a w.ighted mean time of 8.6±3.2 months follow.ng the index *** This systematic review.demonstrated improvements in subjective clinical outcomes together w.th a moderate complication rate follow.ng MIDC for the management of hallux rigidus at short-term follow.up.A moderate reoperation rate at short-term follow.up w.s *** marked heterogeneity betw.en included studies and paucity of high quality comparative studies limits the generation of any robust conclusions.

关键词： Minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy Hallux rigidus The first metatarsophalangeal joint Cheilectomy Minimally invasive surgery

Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-Jasper w.ter & Sew.r Authority in Okatie, South Carolina, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 173-192页

作者： Tricia H. Kilgore Shubhashini Oza Jeremy Hatfield katherine Y. Bell Department of Technology and Innovation Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Okatie SC USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Charlotte NC USA Department of Digital Solutions Brown and Caldwell Cleveland OH USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

A significant portion of the national w.ter supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of w.ter Resource Recovery Facility (w.RF) effluent to w.ters that supply drinking w.ter treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking w.ter treatment plants by upstream w.RF, 16% of the influent flow.to the drinking w.ter treatment plant under average streamflow.and up to 100% under low.flow.conditions is w.RF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population grow.h. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper w.ter and Sew.r Authority (BJw.A) in South Carolina, US, w.th contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous w.RF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSw. are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framew.rk, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state w.ll need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to w.ter resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJw.A, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low.flow.months and is w.thin the range generally observed nationw.de. w.en coupled w.th evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human h

关键词： w.ter Reuse De Facto Reuse Planned Potable Reuse w.ter Recycling w.stew.ter Derived Contaminants

Isolated traumatic orbital floor fracture:An analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank

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w.rld Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第3期10卷 187-192页

作者： Emma De Ravin D katherine Xu Christian Fritz Harman S.Parhar Karthik Rajasekaran Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:To date,no study provides a comprehensive analysis of traumatic orbital floor fractures across the United *** aimed to characterize patient demographics,injury-related variables,and operative management in this ***:The National Trauma Data Bank w.s queried for open or closed orbital floor fractures from 2008 to *** data w.re ***:Overall,148,592 orbital floor fractures w.re identified,w.th 142,577(95.9%)closed-and 6158(4.1%)open-type fractures.A total of 106,243(71.5%)patients w.re male and the median patient age w.s 41 *** majority of patients(79.2%)had abbreviated injury scale scores of≤2,indicating minor/moderate *** mechanism of injury(MOI)differed by gender,w.th the most frequent being unarmed fights in men(34.3%)and falls in w.men(14.0%).There w.re 29,600 patients(19.9%)w.th isolated orbital floor(I-OF)*** MOI most strongly associated w.th operative intervention of w.th I-OF fractures w.re penetrating injuries caused by a firearm(odds ratio[OR]:2.91;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.62–5.20)and cuttings/piercings(OR:2.17;95%CI:1.29–3.65).Conclusion:This large epidemiological study reveals that orbital floor fractures tend to present w.th minor or moderate injuries and are more likely to require operative intervention in setting of firearm or cut/pierce injuries.

关键词： epidemiology National Trauma Data Bank orbital fracture risk factors trauma

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利用量子干涉的分子晶体管

科技纵览 2024年第6期 12-13页

作者： katherine Bourzac 不详

新器件的运行接近能源效率的物理极限。晶体管的尺寸不断缩小,可以在更小的空间内容纳更多的计算能力,但在此过程中存在一个很大的量子力学问题:在微小的器件中,电子会出现泄漏,这不仅会耗费能量,还会降低性能。

关键词：分子晶体管量子干涉物理极限能源效率量子力学计算能力新器件

Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on w.ter Industry Impacts

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhyaya Martha J. M. w.lls katherine Y. Bell Brow. and Caldw.ll New York NY USA Brow. and Caldw.ll Irvine CA USA EnviroChem Services Cookeville TN USA Brow. and Caldw.ll Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. w.th increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments w.rldw.de have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national law. or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview.of global and European regulatory framew.rks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as w.ll as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of w.at emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along w.th a comparison of regulatory framew.rks.

关键词： Microplastic Regulation Environmental Governance Plastic Pollution Mitigation Regulatory Framew.rk