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COMPARISOn OF OPTICAL POLARIMETRY AnD DIFFUSIOn TEnSOR MR IMAGInG FOR ASSESSInG MYOCARDIAL AnISOTROPY

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第2期3卷 109-121页

作者： MARIKA A.WALLEnBURG MIHAELA POP MICHAEL F.G.WOOD nIRMALYA GHOSH GRAHAM A.wright I.ALEX VITKIn Ontario Cancer Institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics610 University Avenue TorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9 Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center2075 Bayview Avenue TorontoONCanadaM5N 3M5 IISER Kolkata Mohanpur CampusP.O.BCKV Campus Main Office Mohanpur 741252West BengalIndia Ontario Cancer Institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology 610 University AvenueTorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9

We have recently proposed an optical method for assessing heart structure that uses polarized light measurement of birefringence as an indicator of tissue *** highly aligned nature of healthy cardiac muscle tissue has a detectable effect on the polarization of light,resulting in a measurable phase shift(“retardance”).When this organized tissue structure is perturbed,for example after cardiac infarction(heart attack),scar tissue containing disorganized collagen is formed,causing a decrease in the measured retardance ***,these are dependent not only on tissue anisotropy,but also on the angle between the tissue’s optical anisotropy direction and the beam interrogating the *** remove this experimental ambiguity,we present a method that interrogates the sample at two different incident beam angles,thus yielding enough information to uniquely determine the true magnitude and orientation of the tissue optical *** use an infarcted porcine heart model to compare these polarimetryderived anisotropy metrics with those obtained with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging(DT-MRI).The latter yields the anisotropy and the direction of tissue water diffusivity,providing an independent measure of tissue *** optical and MR results are thus directly compared in a common ex vivo biological model of interest,yielding reasonable agreement but also highlighting some technique-specific differences.

关键词： Birefringence Mueller matrix decomposition fractional anisotropy diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging myocardial infarction

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随身携带的物理实验室--智能手机

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物理 2020年第6期49卷 406-406页

作者： katherine wright 朱星不详北京大学

疫情改变了全球的大学和中学,搅乱了教师们正常的课堂授课方式而转为网课。网上授课很快取代了传统的粉笔加黑板的讲课方式。但是,由于学校的示波器、光度计和气压计仍在紧锁的门后,进行远程实验课程变得非常困难。一些教师决定放弃实... 详细信息

疫情改变了全球的大学和中学,搅乱了教师们正常的课堂授课方式而转为网课。网上授课很快取代了传统的粉笔加黑板的讲课方式。但是,由于学校的示波器、光度计和气压计仍在紧锁的门后,进行远程实验课程变得非常困难。一些教师决定放弃实验课中的测量—读数部分,而让学生分析已有的数据。

关键词：物理实验室远程实验智能手机实验课气压计示波器讲课方式光度计

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The effect of social context and social scale on the perception of relationships in monk parakeets

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 55-69页

作者： Elizabeth A. HOBSOn Darlene J. JOHn Tiffany L. MCInTOSH Michael L. AVERY Timothy F. wright national Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-3410 USA Department of Biology New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003USA USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Gainesville FL 32641USA

Social relationships formed within a network of interacting group members can have a profound impact on an indi- vidual＇s behavior and fitness. However, we have little understanding of how individuals perceive their relationships and how this perception relates to our external measures of interactions. We investigated the perception of affiliative and agonistic relation- ships at both the dyadic and emergent social levels in two captive groups of monk parakeets （Myiopsitta monachus, n = 21 and 19） using social network analysis and playback experiments. At the dyadic social scale, individuals directed less aggression to- wards their strong affiliative partners and more aggression towards non-partner *** the emergent social scale, there was no association between relationships in different social contexts and an individual＇s dominance rank did not correlate with its popularity rank. Playback response pattems were mainly driven by relationships in affiliative social contexts at the dyadic scale. In both groups, individual responses to playback experiments were significantly affected by strong affiliative relationships at the dyadic social scale, albeit in different directions in the two groups. Response pattems were also affected by affiliative relation- ships at the emergent social scale, but only in one of the two groups. Within affiliative relationships, those at the dyadic social scale were perceived by individuals in both groups, but those at the emergent social scale only affected responses in one group. These results provide preliminary evidence that relationships in affiliative social contexts may be perceived as more important than agonistic relationships in captive monk parakeet groups. Our approach could be used in a wide range of social species and comparative analyses could provide important insight into how individuals perceive relationships across social contexts and social scales [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 55-69, 2015].

关键词： Affiliative Agonistic Dominance Eigenvector centrality Emergent social property Myiopsitta monachus Parrot Popularity Rank Social network analysis

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Thermodynamics of the Second Dissociation Constants (pK<sub>2</sub>) of Piperazine-n,n′-bis-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic Acid (POPSO Sesquisodium Salt) and Associated Thermodynamic Functions from (278.15 to 328.15) K

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2014年第4期5卷 143-151页

作者： Rabindra n. Roy Lakshmi n. Roy katherine E. Hundley Taylor R. Wehmeyer Lucas S. Tebbe Hoffman Department of Chemistry Drury University Springfield MO USA

The second acidic dissociation constants of protonated piperazine-n,n′-bis-2-hydroxypropane-sulfonic acid (POPSO sesquisodium salt) have been determined at 12 different temperatures from (278.15 to 328.15) K including 310.15 K. Electromotive-force measurement technique was used employing hydrogen-silver chloride cells without liquid junction. The results of pK2 are given by the equation: pK2 = -1041.77/T + 51.0459 - 6.97646lnT. The uncertainty of the fit is ±0.0008. At 289.15 K, pK2 = 7.8029;whereas, at 310.15 K (body temperature), pK2 = 7.6862. Thus, the buffer solutions of POPSO and its sodium salt are useful for pH control in the physiological pH region of (7.0 to 8.5). The changes of Gibbs free energy (G°), enthalpy (H°), entropy (S°) and heat capacity Cp° were computed from the temperature derivative of the pK2 for the dissociation of the zwitterionic acid POPSO±-3 = POPSO-4 + H+ in the standard state. At 298.15 K, these results are compared with those of similar components, which are the derivatives of the parent compounds TAURInE, PIPERAZInE and MORPHOLInE.

关键词： pH Buffer Compound Liquid Junction Thermodynamic Functions Activity Coefficients Electromotive-Force pK2

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Functional Analysis of Semi-conserved Transit Peptide Motifs and Mechanistic Implications in Precursor Targeting and Recognition

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Molecular Plant 2016年第9期9卷 1286-1301页

作者： Kristen Holbrook Chitra Subramanian Prakitchai Chotewutmontri L. Evan Reddick Sarah wright Huixia Zhang Lily Moncrief Barry D. Bruce Department of Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program in Plant Physiology and Genetics Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology Department of Botany Department of BotanyUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Present address: Department of Infectious Disease St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA Present address: Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA present address: Department of Microbiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390 USA Present address: Albert R. Mann Library Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA present address: U.S. Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring MD 20993 USA

Over 95% of plastid proteins are nuclear-encoded as their precursors containing an n-terminal extension known as the transit peptide （TP）. Although highly variable, TPs direct the precursors through a conserved, posttranslational mechanism involving translocons in the outer （TOC） and inner envelope （TOC）. The organelle import specificity is mediated by one or more components of the Toc complex. However, the high TP diversity creates a paradox on how the sequences can be specifically recognized. An emerging model of TP design is that they contain multiple loosely conserved motifs that are recognized at different steps in the targeting and transport process. Bioinformatics has demonstrated that many TPs contain semiconserved physicochemical motifs, termed FGLK. In order to characterize FGLK motifs in TP recognition and import, we have analyzed two well-studied TPs from the precursor of RuBisCO small subunit （SStp） and ferredoxin （Fdtp）. Both SStp and Fdtp contain two FGLK motifs. Analysis of large set mutations （-85） in these two motifs using in vitro, in organello, and in vivo approaches support a model in which the FGLK domains mediate interaction with TOC34 and possibly other TOC components. In vivo import analysis suggests that multiple FGLK motifs are functionally redundant. Furthermore, we discuss how FGLK motifs are required for efficient precursor protein import and how these elements may permit a convergent function of this highly variable class of targeting sequences.

关键词： chloroplast biology protein translocation Toc34 transit peptide cell biology

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Towards designing telepresence robot navigation for people with disabilities

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2014年第3期7卷 307-344页

作者： katherine M.Tsui Eric McCann Amelia McHugh Mikhail Medvedev Holly A.Yanco David Kontak Jill L.Drury Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts LowellLowellMassachusettsUSA Assistive Technology Services Crotched Mountain Rehabilitation CenterGreenfieldNew HampshireUSA Multimedia and Collaboration Department The MITRE CorporationBedfordMassachusettsUSA

Purpose–The authors believe that people with cognitive and motor impairments may benefit from using of telepresence robots to engage in social *** date,these systems have not been designed for use by people with disabilities as the robot *** paper aims to discuss these ***/methodology/approach–The authors conducted two formative evaluations using a participatory action design ***,the authors conducted a focus group(n¼5)to investigate how members of the target audience would want to direct a telepresence robot in a remote environment using *** authors then conducted a follow-on experiment in which participants(n¼12)used a telepresence robot or directed a human in a scavenger hunt ***–The authors collected a corpus of 312 utterances(first hand as opposed to speculative)relating to spatial ***,the analysis of the corpus supported several speculations put forth during the focus ***,it showed few statistically significant differences between speech used in the human and robot agent conditions;thus,the authors believe that,for the task of directing a telepresence robot’s movements in a remote environment,people will speak to the robot in a manner similar to speaking to another *** implications–Based upon the two formative evaluations,the authors present four guidelines for designing speech-based interfaces for telepresence ***/value–Robot systems designed for general use do not typically consider people with *** work is a first step towards having our target population take the active role of the telepresence robot operator.

关键词： Focus groups User studies Computer-mediated communication Design guidelines Human-robot interaction Spatial navigation command

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中央帝国

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作者： (英)乔治·n. 赖特(George n. wright)

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Hairy Vetch and Triticale Cover Crops for n Management in Soils

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第6期10卷 244-256页

作者： Carson.wright Jessique Ghezzi-Haeft Environment Geology and Natural Resources Department Ball State University Muncie Indiana USA

Over-application of fertilizer to cropland adversely affects both environmental and agricultural ecosystems. This study examined whether planting a legume-based winter cover crop mix offsets fertilizer application via natural nitrogen inputs. The influence of the cover crop mixture on available nutrients was also assessed. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and winter triticale (×triticosecale) cover crops were planted in fall and terminated in May. Soil fertility data was collected before and after planting the winter cover crop to determine the effect on fixing nitrogen and soil phosphorus, potassium and organic matter levels. Increases of soil ammonium were observed in plots with cover crop treatments. A triticale-hairy vetch cover crop mix was successful at scavenging P for future crops and appears to hold promise for long-term soil fertility benefits.

关键词： Hairy Vetch Triticale Cover Crop n Leaching n Management

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Prevalence and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital in Freetown:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-7页

作者： Henang Kwasau Juliana Kamanda Aiah Lebbie Cesia Cotache-Condor Pamela Espinoza Andie Grimm naomi wright Emily Smith Department of Community Health College of Medicine and Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sierra LeoneFreetownSierra Leone Department of Surgery Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Center for Global Surgery and Health Equity Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Public Health Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA King’s Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships King's College LondonLondonUK Department of Emergency Medicine Duke School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a disproportionate amount of pediatric surgical disease,with 80%of children lacking access to timely,affordable,and safe surgical *** study aims to characterize the burden of disease and outcomes of pediatric surgical conditions at Connaught Hospital,the main pediatric referral hospital in Sierra *** This retrospective and hospital-based study included children up to 15 years old who were operated on between 2015 and June 2016 at Connaught Hospital in Freetown,Sierra *** and inferential statistics were used to characterize the distribution of disease and compare all variables against age category and *** A total of 215 patients were included in this study of which 72.5%(n=132)were male and 27.5%(n=50)were *** of the patients were diagnosed with congenital anomalies(60.9%;n=131).However,infection was the leading diagnosis(60.5%;n=23)among patients aged 5–10 years(n=38).Inguinal hernia was the leading condition(65.0%;n=85)among patients presenting with a congenital *** condition with the highest mortality was infections(17.0%;n=8),followed by other conditions(9.1%;n=2)and congenital anomalies(3.1%;n=4).Based on the results of this study,over 7000 children with inguinal hernias remain untreated annually in Freetown,Sierra *** This study quantifies the burden of surgical disease among children,a foundational step toward the prioritization of pediatric surgical care in national health agendas,the development of evidence-based interventions,and the strategic allocation of resources in Sierra Leone.

关键词： surgical pediatric mortality

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Is the clinical head impulse test helpful in cochlear implantation candidacy evaluation?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and neck Surgery 2023年第1期9卷 45-52页

作者： nicole T.Jiam Yi Cai katherine C.Wai Colleen Polite Kurt Kramer Jeffrey D.Sharon Department of Otolaryngology-Head and neck Surgery University of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA

Objective:Vestibular dysfunction is a known risk of cochlear implantation(CI).However,the utility of the physical exam to screen CI candidates for vestibular dysfunction is not *** objective of this study is to evaluate the preoperative role of the clinical head impulse test(cHIT)in subjects undergoing CI surgery *** Design Setting,and Subjects:We conducted a retrospective review of 64 adult CI candidacy cases between 2017 and 2020 at a tertiary health care ***:All patients underwent audiometric testing and evaluation by the senior *** with an abnormal catch-up saccade contralateral to their worse hearing ear during cHIT were referred for formal vestibular *** included clinical and formal vestibular results,operated ear with regard to audiometric and vestibular results,and postoperative ***:Among all CI candidates,44%(n=28)reported preoperative disequilibrium ***,62%(n=40)of the cHITs were normal,33%(n=21)were abnormal,and 5%(n=3)were *** was one patient who presented with a false positive *** the patients who endorsed disequilibrium,43%had a positive preoperative *** percent of the subjects(n=9)without disequilibrium had an abnormal *** this cohort,bilateral vestibular impairment(71%)was more common than unilateral vestibular impairment(29%).In 3%of the cases(n=2),surgical management was revisited or altered due to cHIT ***:There is a high prevalence of vestibular hypofunction in the CI candidate ***-reported assessments of vestibular function are often not congruent with cHIT *** should consider incorporating cHITs as part of the preoperative physical exam to potentially avoid bilateral vestibular dysfunction in a minority of patients.

关键词： clinical head impulse test cochlear implant vestibular function vestibular loss vestibular testing

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