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Participation in cooperative prey capture and the benefits gained from it are associated with individual personality

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 561-567页

作者： James L.L. LICHTEnSTEIn Colin M. wright Lauren P. LUSCUSKIE Graham A. MOnTGOMERY PInTER-WOLLMAn Jonathan n. PRUITT Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

In animal societies, behavioral idiosyncrasies of the individuals often guide which tasks theyshould perform. Such personality-specific task participation can increase individual task efficiency,thereby improving group performance. While several recent studies have documented group-levelbenefits of within-group behavioral （i.e., personality） diversity, how these benefits are realized atthe individual level is unclear. Here we probe the individual-level benefits of personality-driven taskparticipation in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. In S. dumicola, the presence of at leastone highly bold individual catalyzes foraging behavior in shy colony members, and all group con-stituents heavily compete for prey. We assessed boldness by examining how quickly spidersresumed normal movement after a simulated predator attack. We test here whether （1） participantsin collective foraging gain more mass from prey items and （2） whether bold individuals are less re-sistant to starvation than shy spiders, which would motivate the bold individuals to forage ***, we assembled colonies of shy spiders with and without a bold individual, added one preyitem, and then tracked the mass gain of each individual spider after this single feeding event. Wefound that spiders that participated in prey capture （whether bold or shy） gained more mass thannonparticipators, and colonies containing a single bold spider gained more total mass than purelyshy colonies. We also found that bold spiders participated in more collective foraging events andwere more susceptible to starvation than shy spiders, suggesting that the aggressive foraging ofbold individuals may represent a strategy to offset starvation risk. These findings add to the bodyof evidence that animal personality can shape social organization, individual performance, andgroup success.

关键词： animal personality, keystone individuals, social behaviour, task allocation.

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Polistes metricus queens exhibit personality variation and behavioral syndromes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 45-52页

作者： Colin M. wright Trevor D. HYLAnD Amanda S. IZZO Donna R.MCDERMOTT Elizabeth A. TIBBETTS Jonathan n. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA

Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used to explore behavioral variation at both the individual and group level. Despite the suc- cess of personality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps （Vespidae） have received little to no attention in the personality literature. In the pre- sent study, we test Polistes metricus （Vespidae; Polistinae） paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used personality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exploration, and activity. Our results indicate that P. metricus queens exhibit personalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served as a model organism for a wide range of phenomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what degree, queen personality is important in their research programs.

关键词： behavioral syndromes personality social insects temperament wasps.

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IL28B polymorphisms associated with therapy response in Chilean chronic hepatitis C patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第31期17卷 3636-3639页

作者： Mauricio Venegas Rodrigo A Villanueva katherine González Javier Brahm Centro de Estudios Avanzados de las Hepatitis Virales Sección de GastroenterologíaDepartamento de MedicinaHospital Clínico Universidad de Chile Centro de Estudios Avanzados de las Hepatitis Virales Laboratorio de Virus HepatitisPrograma de VirologíaInstituto de Ciencias BiomédicasFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Chile

AIM:To analyze the association of three IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms with response to therapy in Chilean patients infected with hepatitis C virus ***:We studied two groups of patients with chronic CV infection genotype 1,under standard combined treatment with pegylated interferon plus *** group consisted of 50 patients with sustained virological response,whereas the second group consisted of 49 null *** order to analyze the IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860,rs12980275 and rs8099917,samples were used for polymerase chain reaction amplification,and the genotyping was performed by restriction fragment ***:The IL28B rs12979860 CC,rs12980275 AA and rs8099917 TT genotypes were much more frequently found in patients with sustained virological response compared to null responders 38%,44% and 50% vs 2%,8.2% and 8.2%,*** differences were highly significant in all three cases(P ngly associated with sustained virological response to therapy in Chilean patients with chronic CV genotype 1.

关键词： IL28B Hepatitis C virus Chile Pegylated interferon Ribavirin

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CUSTOMER EQUITY: MAKInG MARKETInG STRATEGY FInAnCIALLY ACCOUnTABLE

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2004年第4期13卷 405-422页

作者： Ashwin ARAVInDAKSHAn Roland T. RUST katherine n. LEMOn Valerie A. ZEITHAML Department of Marketing R.H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD 20742Department of Marketing R.H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD 20742Marketing Department Carroll School of Management Fulton Hall 444140 Commonwealth Ave Chestnut Hill MA 02467Kenan-Flagler Business School University of CB #3490 Chapel Hill NC 27599-3490

The article presents an overview of the literature on customer equity and how customer equity provides an opportunity for marketers to make marketing strategy financially accountable. Traditionally, Return on Investment (ROI) models have been used to evaluate the financial expenditures required by the strategies as well as the financial returns gained by them. However in addition to requiring lengthy longitudinal data, these models also have the disadvantage of not evaluating the effect of the strategies on a firm’s customer equity. The dominance of customer-centered thinking over product-centered thinking calls for a shift from product-based strategies to customer-based strategies. Hence, it is important to evaluate a firm’s marketing strategies in terms of the drivers of its customer equity. The article summarizes a unified strategic framework that enables competing marketing strategy options to be traded off on the basis of projected financial return, which is operationalized as the change in a firm’s customer equity relative to the incremental expenditure necessary to produce the change.

关键词： Customer equity return on marketing brand equity customer value relationship marketing marketing strategy customer lifetime value customer satisfaction measurement

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Intruder familiarity and not duet similarity influences the territory defense in a year-round territorial bird species

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 152-158页

作者： Tihana Hamzaj Brendan Graham katherine Bonilla Ignacio Gutiérrez Luis Sandoval Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UlmUlm Gemany Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana y Comunicación Animal Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaMontes de Oca CP11501-2060 Costa Rica Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge4401 University Dr WLethbridgeABTIK 3M4anada

To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical *** the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial *** birds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may be the main mechanism used for intruder ***,we conducted a playback experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a bird’s response is based on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or by familiarity with the intruders(neighbors ***-neighbors).We focused on duets because this species uses duets exclusively for territorial *** broadcasted a duet from a territorial neighbor,two duets from non-neighbors(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three *** playback we measured five behavioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),number of individuals that approached the speaker,and the number of *** found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighbors than non-neighbors,and this response is not influenced by duet duration or frequency *** result suggests that neighbors represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than *** work is necessary to understand how common this observation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.

关键词： Dear enemy Duets neighbor-stranger discrimination Territory defense White-eared ground-sparrows

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Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO_(2) capture

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 196-206页

作者： Y.HUAnG S.REZVAnI D.McILVEEn.wright n.HEWITT A.MInCHEnER J.MOnDOL University of Ulster Centre for Sustainable TechnologiesCo.AntrimBT370QBNorthern IrelandUK IEA EPL Gemini House London SW156AAUK

The current studies on power plant technologies suggest that Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC)systems are an effective and economic CO_(2) capture technology *** addition,the system in conventional configuration has the advantage of being more“CO_(2) capture ready”than other *** coal boilers(PC)have,however,proven high technical performance attributes and are economically often most practical *** highlight the pros and cons of both technologies in connection with an integrated CO_(2) capture,a comparative analysis of ultrasupercritical PC and IGCC is carried out in this *** technical design,the mass and energy balance and the system optimizations are implemented by using the ECLIPSE chemical plant simulation software *** upon these technologies,the CO_(2) capture facilities are incorporated within the *** most appropriate CO_(2) capture systems for the PC system selected for this work are the oxy-fuel system and the postcombustion scheme using Monoethanolamine solvent scrubber column(MEA).The IGCC systems are designed in two configurations:Water gas shift reactor and Selexol-based *** options generate CO_(2)-rich and hydrogen rich-gas *** the comparative analysis of the technical performance attributes of the above cycles,the economic assessment is carried out using the economic toolbox of ECLIPSE is seamlessly connected to the results of the mass and energy balance as well as the utility *** total cost assessment is implemented according to the stepcount exponential costing method using the dominant factors and/or a combination of ***,based on a set of assumptions,the net present value estimation is implemented to calculate the breakeven electricity selling prices and the CO_(2) avoidance cost.

关键词： integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) Oxy-fuel combustion CO_(2)apture super-critical pulverized coal(SPC) amine scrubbing system technoeconomic analysis break-even electricity selling price(BESP)

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润滑条件对304L钢丝拉拔参数的影响

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金属制品 2004年第B5期30卷 35-36页

作者： Gustavo Aristides Santana Martínez Sérgio Tonini Button Roger n.wright 赵玉兰

1试验设备试验使用可调速的单卷筒拉丝机.直流电机功率14.7 kW,最大转速为2 000 r/min.拉丝速度1～22m/s,由数字调速器控制.拉丝模和润滑剂的温度变化由热电偶检测控制,额定值为500 n的测压元件和敏感度为2 mV/V的压力传感器测量拉拔力.

关键词：润滑剂 304L 拉拔速度影响

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Flexible fabric gas sensors based on PAnI/WO3 p−n heterojunction for high performance nH3 detection at room temperature

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Science China Materials 2020年第10期63卷 2028-2039页

作者： Meng He Lili Xie Guifang Luo Zhanhong Li James wright Zhigang Zhu School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Environmental and Materials Engineering Shanghai Polytechnic University2360 Jinhai RoadShanghai 201209China Department of Electronic Engineering School of EngineeringTechnological University DublinTallaghtDublin 24Ireland

A PAnI/WO3@cotton thread-based flexible sensor that is capable of detecting nH3 at room temperature is developed here.A layer of WO3 with PAnI nanoparticles can be deposited by in-situ *** morphology and structure of the specimens were investigated by utilizing TEM,SEM,XRD and *** sensing performance of the PAnI/WO3@cotton sensors with different WO3 molar ratios to nH3 at room temperature was *** results show that the optimal sensor(10 mol%WO3)has a response of 6.0 to 100 ppm nH3,which is significantly higher than that of the sensors based on pristine PAnI and other *** PAnI/WO3@cotton sensor also displays excellent selectivity,gas response,and flexibility even at room *** unique fiber structure,p-n heterojunction,and the increased protonation of PAnI in the composites contribute to the enhanced sensing property.

关键词： gas sensor PAnI/WO3 cotton thread p-n heterojunction nH3 detection

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Liquid biopsy to detect resistance mutations against anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第9期14卷 1654-1664页

作者： Guillermo Valenzuela Mauricio Burotto katherine Marcelain Jaime Gonzalez-Montero Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology University of ChileSantiago 8380453Chile Department of Internal Medicine Hospital del SalvadorSantiago 7500922Chile Department of Oncology Bradford-Hill Clinical Research CenterSantiago 8420383Chile

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, associated with a steadily growing prevalence. notably, the identification of KRAS, nRAS, and BRAF mutations has markedly improved targeted CRC therapy by affording treatments directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and other anti-angiogenic therapies. However, the survival benefit conferred by these therapies remains variable and difficult to predict, owing to the high level of molecular heterogeneity among patients with CRC. Although classification into consensus molecular subtypes could optimize response prediction to targeted therapies, the acquisition of resistance mutations to targeted therapy is, in part, responsible for the lack of response in some patients. However, the acquisition of such mutations can induce challenges in clinical practice. The utility of liquid biopsy to detect resistance mutations against anti-EGFR therapy has recently been described. This approach may constitute a new standard in the decision algorithm for targeted CRC therapy.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Precision medicine Liquid biopsy Cetuximab Panitumumab

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书写//后人类:作为认知集合的文学文本（英文）

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文艺理论研究 2018年第3期38卷 6-21页

作者： n.凯瑟琳·海耶斯杜克大学

后人类研究已经呈现出多种发展方向,借助其在计算机技术中的职能,或许可以绘制出其发展路径。本文认为,计算机媒体对后人类主义的传播及其概念化的过程影响深刻,并专门探讨数字技术对当下书写的重要作用。人类和计算机媒体通过认知集合... 详细信息

后人类研究已经呈现出多种发展方向,借助其在计算机技术中的职能,或许可以绘制出其发展路径。本文认为,计算机媒体对后人类主义的传播及其概念化的过程影响深刻,并专门探讨数字技术对当下书写的重要作用。人类和计算机媒体通过认知集合,可以参与各类互动,也可通过网络来流通信息、阐释和意义。本文选取的分析案例是两部电子文学文本:尼克·蒙特福特和史蒂芬妮·斯特里克兰德创作的《海与船柱之间》,以及约翰内斯·赫尔登和哈坎·琼森创作的《进化》。

关键词：后人类书写电子文学认知集合

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