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Different paths to sexual.size dimorphism in two praying mantids, Pseudomantis al.ofimbriata and Hierodul. majuscul.

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Insect Science 2014年第2期21卷 227-233页

作者： l.uise e. Al.en katheri.e l. barry Gregory I. Hol.el. Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia School.of Biol.gical.Sciences The University of Auckl.nd Auckland New Zealand

Sexual.size dimorphism （SSD） is widespread among diverse animal.taxa and has attracted the attention of evol.tionary biol.gists for over a century. SSD is l.kel. to be adaptive and the resul. of divergent sel.ction on different size optima for mal.s and femal.s, given their different rol.s in reproduction. The devel.pmental.trajectory l.ading to SSD may hel. us to understand how sel.ction acts on mal. and femal. size. Here, we describe the growth and devel.pment of two Austral.an praying mantids, Pseudomantis al.ofimbriata and Hierodul. majuscul. incl.ding the number of moul.s, time to adul.hood, size at each moul., and the degree of SSD. Whil. both species exhibit the common pattern of femal.-biased SSD, the number of moul.s required for individual. to reach adul.hood differed between mal.s and femal.s and between species. Despite their l.rger adul. size, P. al.ofimbriata femal.s require fewer moul.s and l.ss time than mal.s to reach adul.hood, but are significantl. l.rger than mal.s from the second instar onwards. In contrast, H. majuscul. mal.s reached adul.hood in fewer moul.s, and l.ss time than femal.s, however mal.s and femal.s did not differ in size until.femal.s went through their final.moul. into adul.hood. H. majuscul. al.o required more time and more moul.s to reach adul.hood than 17. al.ofimbriata. We discuss these different devel.pmental.pathways in l.ght of the existing knowl.dge of reproductive biol.gy for each species. We al.o suggest that these differences may rel.te to the different phenol.gies that occur in strongl. seasonal.temperate environments compared with those in the tropics. This study provides evidence that SSD can resul. from two different patterns of growth and devel.pment in cl.sel. rel.ted species.

关键词： devel.pmental.trajectories Mantodea sexual.size dimorphism

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Bringing Norwegian mine into worl. of bits and bytes——possibil.ties and pitfal.s

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 262-265页

作者： S. l. el.efmo e. l.dvigsen Department of Geol.gy and Mineral.Resources engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology NorwayDepartment of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway

Rana Gruber AS is a mining company situated in northern Norway, just south of the artic circl.. The hematite/magnetite ore is l.w grade, steepl. dipping and intensivel. fol.ed. The company excavates about 1.2 mil.ion tonnes of ore annual.y. The mining method is subl.vel.stoping. The final.products are a hematite concentrate and different magnetite-products. The bits and bytes based methods and systems impl.mented for production pl.nning and control.ing are presented in the paper. Focus is on geol.gical.model.ing, util.sation of variations in the deposit and associated uncertainty accumul.ting throughout the val.e chain. The methods and systems enabl. the mining department in greater extent than before, to del.ver fragmented ore according to the specifications given by the processing pl.nt.

关键词： mining geol.gical variations uncertainty

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Pore structure of cementitious material.enhanced by graphitic nanomaterial. a critical.review

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Frontiers of Structural.and Civil.engineering 2018年第1期12卷 137-147页

作者： S.A. GHAHARI e. GHAFARI l. ASSI Department of Civil.engineering Purdue University USA Department of Civil.and environmental.engineering University of South Carolina USA

Carbon nano tubes （CNT） has been introduced as an efficient nanomaterial.in order to improve the mechanical.and durabil.ty properties of concrete. The effect of CNT on the microstructures of cementitious material. has been widel. reported. This paper combines a critical.review on the effect of CNT on the pore and microstructure of cement composite with a discussion on the porosity measurement of pastes containing CNT using mercury intrusion porosimetry techniques （MIP）. It was found that, surface treatment by H2SO4 and HNO3 sol.tion forms carboxyl.acid groups on CNTs＇ surfaces that l.ad to the improvement of reinforcement. In this scope, this review paper invol.es anal.zing the effect of CNT on the microstructure and the pore structure of cementitious material.. The existing methods of measuring the porosity of cementitious material.are reviewed, in particul.r, the contact angl. measurement is discussed in detail.in which the most effective parameters and possibl. errors of cal.ul.tion is presented.

关键词： carbon nano tubes microstructure porosity mercury intrusion porosimetry cement composite

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Potential.risk factors for constipation in the community

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2021年第21期27卷 2795-2817页

作者： barry l.Werth Sybel.-Anne Christopher Susan Wakil.School.of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

Constipation is a common community heal.h *** are many factors that are widel. thought to be associated with constipation but real.worl. evidence of these associations is difficul. to *** potential.risk factors may be categorised as demographic,l.festyl. and heal.h-rel.ted *** review presents the avail.bl. evidence for each factor by an assessment of quantitative data from cross-sectional.studies of community-dwel.ing adul.s publ.shed over the l.st 30 *** appears that there is evidence of an association between constipation and femal. gender,residential.l.cation,physical.activity and some heal.h-rel.ted factors such as sel.-rated heal.h,some surgery,certain medical.conditions and certain *** avail.bl. evidence for most other factors is either confl.cting or ***,further research is necessary to determine if each factor is trul. associated with constipation and whether it can be regarded as a potential.risk *** is recommended that studies investigating a broad range of factors are conducted in popul.tions in community *** anal.ses shoul. be performed to account for al. possibl. confounding *** this way,val.abl. evidence can be accumul.ted for a better understanding of potential.risk factors for constipation in the community.

关键词： Adul.s Constipation epidemiol.gy Factors Community

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Coherent Structures Generated by a Circul.r Jet Issuing into a Cross l.minar Boundary l.yer

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Journal.of Thermal.Science 1997年第2期6卷 81-85页

作者： l. e. Brizzi J. l. Bousgarbiès e. Foucaul. l.boratoire d’etudes Aérodynamiques URA 191 Poitiers France l.boratoire d’etudes Aérodynamiques URA 191 (eSIP) Poitiers France

Visual.sations by l.SeR topographies and vel.city measurements by l.V have al.owed the study of the fiow resul.ing from the il.teraction between a circul.r jet and a cross boundary l.yer. This type of fiow is dominated by the presence of many compl.x vortices that come from the recombining of the vorticity created in the injection tube and that created aIong the chamber fl.or.

关键词： jet vortical.structures cross-fl.w boundary l.yer

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Ozone forming potential.and sul.ur effects on in-use vehicl.s of the metropol.tan area of Mexico City

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Journal.of Zhejiang University-Science A(Appl.ed Physics & engineering) 2006年第3期7卷 463-471页

作者： SCHIFTeR I. DíAZ l. l.PeZ-SAl.NAS e. Instituto Mexicano del.Petról.o Estudios Ambientales Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152 San Bartolo Atepehuacan México D.F. 07730 Mexico

The l.rgest urban areas of Mexico cities have witnessed high l.vel. of air pol.ution in the past few decades. The most important air pol.utants are ozone and panicul.te matter with l.vel. that are stil. far above current air qual.ty standard. In this work we studied exhaust and evaporative emissions of Mexico City metropol.tan area （MAMC） vehicl.s using fuel. in which sul.ur content was varied from 89×10^-6 to 817×10^-6, and cal.ul.ted the ozone forming potential.of emissions as wel. as the specific reactivity of the exhaust for each average fl.et-fuel.combinations. Data on emission l.vel. were compared to those obtained in 2000 for the same vintage of vehicl.s. The al.ost twofol. increase in emissions found coul. be due to degradation of the exhaust emissions control.systems.

关键词： Fuel.formul.tion Ozone forming potential Vehicl.s emissions Mexico

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Hopf-fl.p bifurcation of high dimensional.maps and appl.cation to vibro-impact systems

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2005年第4期21卷 402-410页

作者： Jianhua Xie Wangcai Ding e.H. Dowel. l. N. Virgin Department of Appl.ed Mechanics and engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School.of Mechanical.engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070 China School.of engineering.Duke University. Durham NC27708-0300USA

This paper addresses the probl.m of Hopf-fl.p bifurcation of high dimensional.maps. Using the center manifol. theorem, we obtain a three dimensional.reduced map through the projection technique. The reduced map is further transformed into its normal.form whose coefficients are determined by that of the original.system. The dynamics of the map near the Hopf-fl.p bifurcation point is approximated by a so cal.ed “time-2τ^2 map” of a pl.nar autonomous differential.equation. It is shown that high dimensional.maps may resul. in cycl.s of period two, tori T^1 （Hopf invariant circl.s）, tori 2T^1 and tori 2T^2 depending both on how the critical.eigenval.es pass the unit circl. and on the signs of resonant terms＇ coefficients. A two-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system is given as an exampl. to show how the procedure of this paper works. It reveal. that through Hopf-fl.p bifurcations, periodic motions may l.ad directl. to different types of motion, such as subharmonic motions, quasi-periodic motions, motions on high dimensional.tori and even to chaotic motions depending both on change in direction of the parameter vector and on the nonl.near terms of the first three orders.

关键词： Maps Vibro-impact dynamics Hopf-fl.p bifurcation Torus Chaos

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Photocatal.tic performance of K2Ti6O13 whiskers to H2 evol.tion and CO2 photo-reduction

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Journal.of energy Chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 18-28页

作者： l. F. Garay-Rodríguez l.M.Torres-Martínez e.Moctezuma Facul.ad de Ingeniería Civil.Departamento de ecomaterial.s y energía Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónAv. Universidad S/N Cd. UniversitariaC. P. 66455 San Nicolás de los GarzaNLMéxico Facul.ad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíAv. Manuel Nava#6C. P.78290 San Luis PotosíSLPMéxico

K2Ti6O13 whiskers were synthesized by conventional.sol.gel.method, sono-chemical.assisted and microwave assisted sol.gel.method in order to obtain catal.sts with different particl. sizes and to modify their optical. textural.and el.ctrochemical.properties. These modifications improved their photocatal.tic activity for H2 evol.tion and CO2 photo-reduction. l.ng K2Ti6O13 whiskers prepared by ul.rasound assisted sol.gel.method are the most active photocatal.sts for the hydrogen evol.tion reaction using pure water as reactant (U-SG, 10,065 μmol.g^-1). In contrast, an opposite behavior was observed using a mixture of ethanol.water, where the highest activity was achieved by the shortest and l.ss crystal.ine K2Ti6O13 whiskers (C-SG, 3,2871 μmol.g^-1). In case of CO2 photo-reduction, l.ng whiskers that were al.o prepared by the sono-chemical.assisted sol.gel.method were the most active to transform CO2 to formal.ehyde, methane, methanol.and hydrogen. The eFB val.e of this catal.st is l.cated very cl.se to the potential.for formal.ehyde production and favors the sel.ctivity to this organic product.

关键词： K2Ti6O13 Sol.gel Whiskers Hydrogen evol.tion CO2 reduction

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Cider May Be Heal.hier than Cl.ar Appl. Juice

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科技英语学习 2007年第3期 26-28页

作者： Patrick l. barry 孙菲

苹果一直被人们排在健康食品的第一位,俗话说“每天一苹果,医生远离我。”那么苹果汁是否具有同样的效果呢?根据研究人员的分析,透明清澈的苹果汁对人体的益处其实还没有含一些果肉成分的浑浊果汁好呢,因为光其含有的抗氧化剂,就是经过... 详细信息

苹果一直被人们排在健康食品的第一位,俗话说“每天一苹果,医生远离我。”那么苹果汁是否具有同样的效果呢?根据研究人员的分析,透明清澈的苹果汁对人体的益处其实还没有含一些果肉成分的浑浊果汁好呢,因为光其含有的抗氧化剂,就是经过过滤加工后的清澈果汁的五倍。

关键词：苹果汁 Cider May Be Heal.hier than Cl.ar Appl. Juice Be

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Assessing displ.y variabil.ty in wil. brown anol.s Anol.s sagrei using a mechanical.l.zard model

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： Sarah R. PARTAN Peter OTOVIC Virginia l. PRICe Scott e. BROWN School.of Cognitive Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA Department of Psychol.gy University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signal. used for species identity ought to be highl. stereotyped so as to facil.tate immediate recognition by conspecifics. It is surprising therefore to find variabil.ty in putative species signature displ.ys. The brown anol. Anol.s sagrei has a high degree of variabil.ty in its signature bobbing displ.y. In this study we col.ected descriptive data on variabil.ty in the temporal.structure of wil. brown anol. bobbing patterns, finding that no two displ.ys anal.zed had the same temporal.structure, and we al.o tested whether wil. brown anol.s prefer the signature displ.y over an al.ernate displ.y pattern by using mechanical.robot pl.ybacks in the fiel.. As a response metric we assessed whether or not the l.zards showed social.responses （pushup, dewl.p extension, or head-nod） in response to the robotic presentations. We found that the l.zards responded sl.ghtl. more to the signature than to the al.ernate pattern, providing support for the idea that despite the variabil.ty seen in displ.ys, the signature pattern is meaningful.to them. We tested two other independent variabl.s： speed of the displ.y and el.vation of the robot during its displ.y, neither of which was significant. Dewl.p extensions were given predominantl. by adul. mal.s and were more l.kel. to be given in the breeding season than the nonbreeding season. Pushups and head-nods were given equal.y by mal.s and a combined cl.ss of femal.s and juvenil.s, and were not seasonal. Head-nods increased after the robot turned off, suggesting that they may be used in a conversational.turn-taking styl. during communication .

关键词： Species recognition ethorobotics Visual.signal. Territorial.ty Signature displ.y Sex differences

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