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Role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 in primary and secondary liver cancer

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第11期13卷 1632-1647页

作者： katharina joechle Jessica Guenzle Claus Hellerbrand Pavel Strnad Thorsten Cramer Ulf Peter Neumann Sven Arke Lang Visceral and Transplantation Surgery University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfalisch Technische Hochschule AachenAachen 52074Germany Department of General and Visceral Surgery Medical Center-University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany Institute of Biochemistry Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NurnbergErlangen 91054Germany Department of Internal Medicine Ⅲ University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfalisch Technische Hochschule AachenAachen 52074Germany

The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)acts in two structurally and functionally distinct protein complexes,mTOR complex 1(mTORC1)and mTOR complex 2(mTORC2).Upon deregulation,activated mTOR signaling is associated with multiple processes involved in tumor growth and *** with mTORC1,much less is known about mTORC2 in cancer,mainly because of the unavailability of a selective ***,existing data suggest that mTORC2 with its two distinct subunits Rictor and mSin1 might play a more important role than assumed so *** is one of the key effectors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulates cell growth,cell survival,metabolism,and cytoskeletal *** is not only implicated in tumor progression,metastasis,and the tumor microenvironment but also in resistance to ***,the central subunit of mTORC2,was found to be upregulated in different kinds of cancers and is associated with advanced tumor stages and a bad ***,AKT,the main downstream regulator of mTORC2/Rictor,is one of the most highly activated proteins in *** and secondary liver cancer are major problems for current cancer therapy due to the lack of specific medical treatment,emphasizing the need for further therapeutic *** review,therefore,summarizes the role of mTORC2/Rictor in cancer,with special focus on primary liver cancer but also on liver metastases.

关键词： Mammalian target of rapamycin Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 Rictor Liver cancer Liver metastases Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocellular carcinoma

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Liver transplantation in malignant disease

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第8期12卷 623-645页

作者： Sven Arke Lang Jan Bednarsch Zoltan Czigany katharina joechle Andreas Kroh Iakovos Amygdalos Pavel Strnad Tony Bruns Daniel Heise Florian Ulmer Ulf Peter Neumann Department of Surgery and Transplantation University Hospital RWTH AachenAachen 52074Germany Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital RWTH AachenAachen 52074Germany

Liver transplantation for malignant disease has gained increasing attention as part of transplant *** the implementation of the Milan criteria,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)was the first generally accepted indication for transplantation in patients with ***,more liberal criteria for HCC have been developed,and research on this topic is still *** evident success of liver transplantation for HCC has led to the attempt to extend its indication to other *** perihilar cholangiocarcinoma,more and more evidence supports the use of liver transplantation,especially after neoadjuvant *** addition,some data also show a benefit for selected patients with very early stage intrahepatic *** epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a very rare but nonetheless established indication for liver transplantation in primary liver *** contrast,patients with hepatic angiosarcoma are currently not considered to be optimal *** secondary liver tumors,neuroendocrine cancer liver metastases are an accepted but comparability rare indication for liver ***,some evidence has been published supporting the use of liver transplantation even for colorectal liver *** review summarizes the current evidence for liver transplantation for primary and secondary liver cancer.

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocellular carcinoma Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver Colorectal cancer liver metastases Neuroendocrine cancer liver metastases

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