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Diet and medical foods in Parkinson’s disease

Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第2期8卷 83-95页

作者： Klaus W.Lange Yukiko Nakamura Ning Chen Jianjun Guo Shigehiko Kanaya katharina m.Lange Shiming Li Department of Experimental Psychology University of RegensburgRegensburgGermany Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and MonitoringCollege of Health ScienceWuhan Sports UniversityWuhanChina China Institute of Sport Science BeijingChina Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan Department of Psychology University of WinchesterWinchesterUnited Kingdom Department of Food Science Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non-motorsigns, which begins long before the diagnosis can be made. Pharmacotherapy with dopaminergic drugsis the mainstay of PD therapy. There is no currently available cure or disease-modifying treatment. Dietand various foods have been proposed as possible risk factors for PD. Nutritional supplementation withomega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, B vitamins, and coenzyme Q may have potential in the management ofPD. In addition, several strategies could possibly lead to the development of medical foods in PD. Forexample, ketogenic diets may have effects complementary to pharmacotherapy. Gut microbial dysbiosisand altered microbial metabolites found in PD may lead to chronic low-grade inflammation in gut andbrain. Interventions targeting gut microbiota, such as the supplementation of probiotics, may providenovel approaches to PD in regard to both symptomatic treatment and disease modification. High qualityrandomized controlled trials need to be conducted in order to evaluate whether these food-basedstrategies have symptomatic efficacy or the potential to delay the progression of PD.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Diet medical food Ketogenic diet Probiotics Prevention

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Perceived damage and areas of needed research for wildlife pests of California agriculture

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 265-279页

作者： Roger A.BALDWIN Terrell P.SALmON Robert H.schmidt Robert m.TImm Statewide IPm Program University of California Cooperative ExtensionParlierCAUSA University of California Cooperative Extension San DiegoCAUSA Department of Environment and Society Utah State UniversityLoganUTUSA Hopland Research and Extension Center University of CaliformniaHoplandCAUSA

many wildife species cause extensive damage to a variety of agricultural commodities in California,with es-timates of damage in the hundreds of millions *** the limited availability of resources to solve all human-wildlife conficts,we should focus management efforts on issues that provide the greatest benefit to ag-ricultural commodities in *** survey provides quantitative data on research needs to better guide future efforts in developing more effective,practical and appropriate methods for managing these *** found that ground squirels,pocket gophers,birds,wild pigs,coyotes and voles were the most common agricul-tural wildlife pest species in *** damage caused by these species could be quite high,but varied by agricultural *** most species,common forms of damage included loss of crop production and di-rect death of the plant,although livestock depredation was the greatest concern for *** methods used most frequently and those deemed most effective varied by pest species,although greater advancements in control methods were listed as a top research priority for all ***,the use of toxicants,biocon-trol and trapping were the most preferred methods for control,but this varied by *** general,integrated pest management practices were used to control wildlife pests,with a special preference for those approaches that were efficacious and quick and inexpensive to *** information and survey design should be useful in establishing research and management priorities for wildlife pest species in California and other similar re-gions.

关键词： agriculture California human-wildlife conflict integrated pest management survey

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Value of histomorphometric tumour thickness and smoothelin for conventional m-classification in early oesophageal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第11期9卷 444-451页

作者： katharina Endhardt Bruno markl Andreas Probst Tina Schaller Daniela Aust Institute of Pathology Klinikum Augsburg Department of Gastroenterology Klinikum Augsburg Institute of Pathology Universitatsklinikum Dresden

AIm To test the validity of tumour thickness measurement in distinguishing between the different infiltration depths, especially when the duplication of muscularis mucosae cannot be demarcated clearly. mETHODS We re-evaluated 100 completely embedded Barrett's adenocarcinomas regarding m-classification, maximum tumour thickness, and muscularis mucosae duplication. For validation, smoothelin staining was performed on a subset of cases. RESULTS The m1-, m2-and m3-classified adenocarcinomasshowed a significant lower tumour thickness compared to the m4-and sm1-classified lesions(P moothelin staining determined a clear muscularis mucosae duplication in 64% of the tested samples and enabled the differentiation of the two layers in diffuse and merged splits. CONCLUSION Tumour thickness in early oesophageal adenocarcinoma significantly correlates with the depth of infiltration and demonstrates its worth as an accurate p T classification in non-polypoid lesions. We created a new algorithm, which combines histomorphology with morphometric analyses. It is noteworthy that it facilitates the assessment of mucosal vs submucosal infiltration depth. The smoothelin staining strengthened our results of the tumour thickness evaluation and can be used in cases of doubt.

关键词： Smoothelin Endoscopic submucosal dissection muscularis mucosae Barrett's carcinoma

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Ketogenic diets and Alzheimer’s disease

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2017年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Klaus W.Lange katharina m.Lange Ewelina makulska-Gertruda Yukiko Nakamura Andreas Reissmann Shigehiko Kanaya Joachim Hauser Department of Experimental Psychology University of Regensburg93040 RegensburgGermany Department of Psychology University of WinchesterUK Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyJapan

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decline in cognitive functions and associated with the neuropathological hallmarks of amyloid-peptide plaques and neurofibrillary *** glucose uptake and metabolism deteriorate in AD and this hypometabolism precedes the onset of clinical signs in *** early decline in brain glucose metabolism in AD has become a potential target for therapeutic *** has led to investigations assessing the supplementation of the normal glucose supply with ketone bodies which are produced by the body during glucose deprivation and can be metabolized by the brain when glucose utilization is *** present review provides a synopsis of preclinical studies and clinical trials assessing the efficacy of ketogenic diets in the treatment of *** the direct administration of ketone bodies and the use of high-fat,low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been shown to be efficacious in animal models of AD and clinical trials with AD *** mechanism underlying the efficacy of ketogenic diets remains unclear,but some evidence points to the normalization of aberrant energy *** present there is only limited evidence of the usefulness of ketogenic diets in ***,this dietary approach seems to be promising and deserves further clinical investigations.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Ketone bodies Ketogenic diet Therapy

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Food intolerance and oligoantigenic diet in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年

作者： Klaus W.Lange reas Reissmann Yukiko Nakamura katharina m.Lange Faculty of Human Sciences， University of Regensburg Department of Psychology， University of Bath

The hypothesis that some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may show sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the oligoantigenic diet. The rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients with allergenic properties. The oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to which a person might be sensitive. First， ADHD symptoms are monitored while multiple foods are excluded from the diet. Subsequently， if symptoms remit， foods are re-introduced， while observing the individual for the return of symptoms. An advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual. A growing body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children with ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain foods. The effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to large. Available evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue worthy of further exploration. Further large-scale， randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore warranted.

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Drawing insights from pion parton distributions

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第3期44卷 12-17页

作者： minghui Ding Khépani Raya Daniele Binosi Lei Chang C.D.Roberts S.m.schmidt School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas(ECT^*)and Fondazione Bruno Kessler Villa Tambosi Strada delle Tabarelle 286I-38123 Villazzano(TN)Italy School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARAD-52425 JülichGermany

A symmetry-preserving continuum approach to the two valence-body bound-state problem is used to calculate the valence, glue and sea distributions within the pion; unifying them with, inter alia, electromagnetic pion elastic and transition form factors. The analysis reveals the following momentum fractions at the scale ζ2:= 2GeV :〈xvalence〉 = 0.48（3）, 〈xglue〉 = 0.41（2）, 〈xsea〉 = 0.11（2）;and despite hardening induced by the emergent phenomenon of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, the valence-quark distribution function, qπ（x）, exhibits the x ≈ 1 behaviour predicted by quantum chromodynamics（QCD）. After evolution to o ζ = 5.2 GeV, the prediction for qπ（x） matches that obtained using lattice-regularised QCD. This confluence should both stimulate improved analyses of existing data and aid in planning efforts to obtain new data on the pion distribution functions.

关键词： pion parton distribution bound state Dyson-Schwinger equations

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Suppression of Soybean Oleosin Produces micro-Oil Bodies that Aggregate into Oil Body/ER Complexes

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molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 910-924页

作者： monica A. schmidt Eliot m. Herman Donald Danforth Plant Science Center 975 N Warson Rd St Louis MO 63132 USA Plant Genetics Research Unit USDA/ARS Donald Danforth Plant Science Center 975 N. Warson Rd St Louis MO 63132 USA

Using RNAi, the seed oil body protein 24-kDa oleosin has been suppressed in transgenic soybeans. The endoplasmic reticulum （ER） forms micro-oil bodies about 50 nm in diameter that coalesce with adjacent oil bodies forming a hierarchy of oil body sizes. The oil bodies in the oleosin knockdown form large oil body-ER complexes with the interior dominated by micro-oil bodies and intermediate-sized oil bodies, while the peripheral areas of the complex are dominated by large oil bodies. The complex merges to form giant oil bodies with onset of seed dormancy that disrupts cell structure. The transcriptome of the oleosin knockdown shows few changes compared to wild-type. Proteomic analysis of the isolated oil bodies of the 24-kDa oleosin knockdown shows the absence of the 24-kDa oleosin and the presence of abundant caleosin and lipoxygenase. The formation of the micro-oil bodies in the oleosin knockdown is interpreted to indicate a function of the oleosin as a surfactant.

关键词： RNA干扰黄豆内质网受体雌激素胰岛素脂氧合酶

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Recent advances in microvascular autologous breast reconstruction after ablative tumor surgery

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第1期7卷 114-121页

作者： michael S Pollhammer Dominik Duscher manfred schmidt Georg m Huemer Section of Plastic Aesthetic and Reconstru-ctive Surgery Department of General Surgery Kepler University Hospital Linz mAZ - microsurgical Training and Research Center

Breast cancer is a ubiquitous disease and one of the leading causes of death in women in western societies. With overall increasing survival rates, the number of patients who need post-mastectomy reconstruction is on the rise. Especially since its psychological benefits have been broadly recognized, breast reconstruction has become a key component of breast cancer treatment. Evolving from the early beginnings of breast reconstruction with synthetic implants in the 1960 s, microsurgical tissue transfer is on the way to become the gold standard for post oncology restoration of the breast. Particularly since the advent of perforator based free flap surgery, free tissue transfer has become as safe option for breast reconstruction with low morbidity. The lower abdominal skin and subcutaneous fat tissue typically offer enough volume to create an aesthetically satisfying breast mound. Nowadays, the most commonly used flap from this donor site is the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. If the lower abdomen is not available as a donor site, the gluteal area and thigh provide a number of flaps suitable for breast recon-struction. If the required breast volume is small, and there is enough tissue available on the upper medial thigh, then a transverse upper gracilis flap may be a practicable method to reconstruct the breast. In case of a higher amount of required volume, a gluteal artery perforator flap is the best choice. However, what is crucial in addition to selecting the best flap option for the individual patient is the timing of the operation. In patients with confirmed post-mastectomy radiation therapy, it is advisable to perform microvascular breast reconstruction only in a delayed fashion.

关键词： Breast cancer microsurgery Autologous tissue transfer Breast reconstruction Flap Transverse musculocutaneous gracilis Fasciocutaneous infragluteal Deep inferior epigastric perforator

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Taxonomic status of grey-headed Yellow Wagtails breeding in western China

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 534-543页

作者： Alexander Hellquist Fredrik Friberg Petter Haldén Peter schmidt ming ma Gou Jun Urban Olsson Per Alström Fatburs kvarngata 17 11864 StockholmSweden Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.818 Beijing RoadUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina Xinjiang Birdwatching Society 311 Nongda East RoadUrumqi 830091XinjiangChina Systematics and Bio-diversity Department of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGöteborgSweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre GothenburgSweden Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236 UppsalaSweden Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Edeby 9 74191 KnivstaSweden Lenabergsvägen 33 74392 VattholmaSweden Tallmovägen 9 75645 UppsalaSweden

Background:Field studies from 2011 onwards have demonstrated the presence of a breeding population of Yellow Wagtails(motacilla flava)in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China that is phenotypically distinct from known subspecies occurring in *** we describe the plumages and vocalisations of this population and discuss its taxonomic ***:The analysis of plumage is based on field studies and photos available *** of vocalisations are compared with recordings from other Yellow Wagtail populations,and differences are analysed based on *** DNA from one individual is compared to other Yellow Wagtail ***:Unlike *** subspecies breeding in or near Xinjiang,males in the studied population show a blue-grey head without prominent white supercilium,being most similar to the widely disjunct *** differ from the similarly widely allopatric ***,which might occur as a migrant or vagrant in Xinjiang,by on average cleaner yellow breast and more extensive white on the throat,and from the widely disjunct *** and ***,which might also occur on migration in that area,by softer contact calls and slower pace of *** are similar to female *** in *** mitochondrial ND2 tree shows the single sample from Xinjiang to be nested in the clade of western Yellow Wagtail ***:We discuss whether the Xinjiang breeding population could represent an intergrade between subspecies breeding nearby,or whether it is better regarded as a separate as yet unrecognized *** argue that the localization of its apparent range in relation to other subspecies along with fairly consistent male and female plumages suggest that it is more likely to represent an undescribed taxon,but conclude that more research is needed to firmly establish its status.

关键词： Bioacoustics mitochondrial DNA morphology motacilla flava Systematics Undescribed populations

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Experimental nerve transfer model in the neonatal rat

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1088-1095页

作者： matthias E.Sporer martin Aman Konstantin D.Bergmeister Dieter Depisch katharina m.Scheuba Ewald Unger Bruno K.Podesser Oskar C.Aszmann Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Restoration of Extremity Function Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction Department of SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Division of Biomedical Research Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Aesthetic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity Hospital of St.PoeltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt.PoeltenAustria Center for medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria

Clinically,peripheral nerve reconstructions in neonates are most frequently applied in brachial plexus birth *** surgical concepts,however,have investigated nerve reconstructions in adult animal *** immature neuromuscular system reacts differently to the effects of nerve lesion and surgery and is poorly investigated due to the lack of reliable experimental ***,we describe an experimental forelimb model in the neonatal rat,to study these effects on both the peripheral and central nervous *** 24 hours after birth,three groups were prepared:In the nerve transfer group,a lesion of the musculocutaneous nerve was reconstructed by selectively transferring the ulnar *** the negative control group,the musculocutaneous nerve was divided and not reconstructed and in the positive control group,a sham surgery was *** animal's ability to adapt to nerve lesions and progressive improvement over time were depict by the Bertelli test,which observes the development of *** weeks postoperatively,animals were fully matured and the nerve transfer successfully reinnervated their target muscles,which was indicated by muscle force,muscle weight,and cross sectional area *** the contrary,no spontaneous regeneration was found in the negative control *** the positive control group,reference values were *** labeling indicated that the motoneuron pool of the ulnar nerve was reduced following nerve *** to this post-axotomy motoneuron death,a diminished amount of motoneurons reinnervated the biceps muscle in the nerve transfer group,when compared to the native motoneuron pool of the musculocutaneous *** findings indicate that the immature neuromuscular system behaves profoundly different than similar lesions in adult rats and explains reduced muscle ***,pathophysiologic adaptations are *** maturing neuromuscular system,however,utilizes neonatal capacity of regener

关键词： brachial plexus birth injury experimental rat model extremity reconstruction methodological paper neonatal rat nerve reconstruction nerve regeneration nerve transfer neural plasticity peripheral nerve surgery

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