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Fire blight QTL analysis in a multi-family apple population identifies a reduced-susceptibility allele in ‘Honeycrisp’

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 355-367页

作者： Sarah A.Kostick Soon Li Teh John L.Norelli Stijn Vanderzande Cameron Peace kate m.evans Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Department of HorticultureWashington State UniversityWenatcheeWA 98801USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceAppalachian Fruit Research LaboratoryKearneysvilleWV 25430USA Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Breeding apple cultivars with resistance offers a potential solution to fire blight,a damaging bacterial disease caused by Erwinia *** resistance alleles at quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were previously characterized in diverse malus germplasm with poor fruit quality,which reduces breeding *** study utilized a pedigree-based QTL analysis approach to elucidate the genetic basis of resistance/susceptibility to fire blight from multiple genetic sources in germplasm relevant to *** breeding ***-seven important breeding parents(IBPs)were represented by 314 offspring from 32 full-sib families,with‘Honeycrisp’being the most highly represented *** resistance/susceptibility data from a two-year replicated field inoculation study and previously curated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data,QTLs were consistently mapped on chromosomes(Chrs.)6,7,and *** QTLs together explained~28% of phenotypic *** Chr.6 and Chr.15 QTLs colocalized with previously reported QTLs,while the Chr.7 QTL is possibly novel.‘Honeycrisp’inherited a rare reduced-susceptibility allele at the Chr.6 QTL from its grandparent‘Frostbite’.The highly resistant IBP‘Enterprise’had at least one putative reduced-susceptibility allele at all three *** general,lower susceptibility was observed for individuals with higher numbers of reduced-susceptibility alleles across *** study highlighted QTL mapping and allele characterization of resistance/susceptibility to fire blight in complex pedigree-connected apple breeding *** gained will enable more informed parental selection and development of trait-predictive DNA tests for pyramiding favorable alleles and selection of superior apple cultivars with resistance to fire blight.

关键词： blight breeding cultivar

*** Part Ⅰ:A Gridded Wet Bulb Temperature Extremes Index Product for Climate monitoring

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 1952-1967页

作者： kate m.WILLETT met Office Hadley Centre FitzRoy RoadExeterEX13PBU.K.

*** is an annually updated global gridded monthly monitoring product of wet and dry bulb temperature–based extremes indices,from January 1973 to December *** quality,including spatial and temporal stability,is a key *** hourly data are quality *** is assessed on monthly means and used to score each gridbox according to its homogeneity rather than to apply *** enables user-specific screening for temporal stability and avoids errors from inferring adjustments from monthly means for the daily maximum *** general use,a score(HQ Flag)of 0 to 6 is recommended.A range of indices are presented,aligning with existing standardised ***,provision of both wet and dry bulb indices allows exploration of heat event character—whether it is a“humid and hot”,“dry and hot”or“humid and warm”*** is designed for analysis of long-term trends in regional *** can be used to study local events,but given the greater vulnerability to errors of maximum compared to mean values,cross-validation with independent information is advised.

关键词： wet bulb temperature heat extremes climate monitoring

*** Part Ⅱ:Exploring Humid Heat Extremes Using Wet Bulb Temperature Indices

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 1968-1985页

作者： kate m.WILLETT met Office Hadley Centre FitzRoy RoadExeterEX13PBU.K.

Heat events may be humid or *** several indices incorporate humidity,such combined indices obscure identification and exploration of heat events by their different humidity *** new *** global gridded monitoring product uniquely provides a range of wet and dry bulb temperature extremes *** of this new data product demonstrates its value as a tool for quantifying exposure to humid verses dry heat *** also enables exploration into“stealth heat events”,where humidity is high,perhaps enough to affect productivity and health,while temperature remains *** events may not typically be identified as“heat events”by temperature-focused heat *** 1973-2022,the peak magnitude of humid extremes(maximum daily wet bulb temperature over a month;T_(w)X)for the global annual mean increased significantly at 0.13±0.04℃(10 yr)^(−1),which is slightly slower than the global annual mean T_(w) increase of 0.22±0.04℃(10 yr)^(−1).The frequency of moderate humid extreme events per year(90th per-centile daily maxima wet bulb temperature exceedance;T_(w)X90p)also increased significantly at 4.61±1.07 d yr^(−1)(10 yr)^(−1).These rates were slower than for temperature extremes,TX and TX90p,which respectively increased significantly at 0.27±0.04℃(10 yr)^(−1) and 5.53±0.72 d yr^(−1)(10 yr)^(−1).Similarly,for the UK/Europe focus region,JJA-mean T_(w)X increased significantly,again at a slower rate than for TX and mean T_(w).*** shows some evidence of“stealth heat events”occurring where humidity is high but temperature remains more moderate.

关键词： wet bulb temperature heat extremes climate monitoring

modeling of genetic gain for single traits from marker-assisted seedling selection in clonally propagated crops

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 257-266页

作者： Sushan Ru Craig Hardner Patrick A Carter kate evans Dorrie main Cameron Peace Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPO Box 646414Pullman99164-6414WAUSA Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072BrisbaneAustralia School of Biological Sciences Washington State UniversityPullman99164-4236WAUSA Department of Horticulture Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension CenterWenatchee98801WAUSA

Seedling selection identifies superior seedlings as candidate cultivars based on predicted genetic potential for traits of ***,genetic potential is determined by phenotypic *** the availability of DNA tests for some agronomically important traits,breeders have the opportunity to include DNA information in their seedling selection operations—known as marker-assisted seedling selection.A major challenge in deploying marker-assisted seedling selection in clonally propagated crops is a lack of knowledge in genetic gain achievable from alternative *** models based on additive effects considering seed-propagated crops are not directly relevant for seedling selection of clonally propagated crops,as clonal propagation captures all genetic effects,not just *** study modeled genetic gain from traditional and various marker-based seedling selection strategies on a single trait basis through analytical derivation and stochastic simulation,based on a generalized seedling selection scheme of clonally propagated *** trait-test scenarios with a range of broad-sense heritability and proportion of genotypic variance explained by DNA markers were simulated for two populations with different segregation *** derived and simulated results indicated that marker-based strategies tended to achieve higher genetic gain than phenotypic seedling selection for a trait where the proportion of genotypic variance explained by marker information was greater than the broad-sense *** from this study provides guidance in optimizing genetic gain from seedling selection for single traits where DNA tests providing marker information are available.

关键词： seedling crops cultivar

Unlocking a novel determinant of athletic performance:The role of the gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids,and“biotics”in exercise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 36-44页

作者： kate m.Sales Raylene A.Reimer Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Biochemistry&molecular Biology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada

The gut microbiota refers to the collection of trillions of intestinal microorganisms that modulate central aspects of health and disease through influential effects on host ***,a connection has been made between the gut microbiota and *** investigations demonstrated the beneficial effects of exercise on the gut microbiota,with cross-sectional studies revealing positive correlations between exerciseassociated states,and healthy gut microbiota and exercise interventions showed post-intervention increases in the abundance of beneficial bacterial *** recent investigations have focused on exploring the reverse relationship:the influence of the gut microbiota on exercise *** investigations have revealed that certain bacterial taxa may enhance endurance exercise performance by augmenting various aspects of lactate ***,short-chain fatty acids—which modulate metabolism at various organ sites,including within skeletal muscle—have been shown to enhance endurance exercise capacity in *** review highlights what is currently known about the connection between the gut microbiota and exercise,with a particular focus on the ergogenic potential of the gut microbiota and how it may be leveraged to enhance endurance exercise performance.

关键词： Exercise performance Gut microbiota Short-chain fatty acids

The Inequity of Biotechnological Impact

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molecular Plant 2021年第1期14卷 1-2页

作者： Sylvia He kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation New YorkUSA

Less than 1%of the total population of the developing world is positively affected by biotechnological *** global impact of biotechnology on agriculture is impeded by the disproportionate development and growth of economically important crops in the developed *** over 2 decades,526 genetically engineered events,or bioengineered(BE)traits,in 32 crops have been approved in 44 countries(ISAAA database,2020).Of these 44 countries,38 are high income,representing 73%of the developed *** six represent low-income countries,including four in Africa(ISAAA database,2020).Although many countries import BE crops for feed,food,and processing,just over half of the 44 countries cultivate(ISAAA,2017).Twenty years since their development,the acreage used for BE crops has increased from 1.7 million to 191.7 million *** increase in growth is dominated by economically important crops such as cotton,maize,and soybean,which also account for 65%of new traits(Brookes and Barfoot,2018).

关键词： crops soybean income

Attitude and application: Judge a crop on its potential and not breeding technology

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molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1405-1407页

作者： Daire Carroll kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation 25 Health Sciences DriveStony BrookNY 11790USA

In comparison with tech no logical adva nceme nts in other fields,applicatio ns of biotech no logy in agriculture elicit strong,divisive *** polarizing debate over genetically modified orga isms(GmOs),ortransgenic crops,has spanned ***-nents have focused heavily on a single trait:herbicide *** concern regarding the impacts of herbicides on human health and the environment has overshadowed other applications of genetic engin eering,such as pest resista nee,biofortificati on,and non-browning fruit(Abdallah et al.,2015).We argue that newly developed crops should be judged based on their potential,rather than tainted based on association with unpopular applications.

关键词： crops breeding potential

Pandemics of People and Plants: Which Is the Greater Threat to Food Security?

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molecular Plant 2020年第7期13卷 933-934页

作者： Sylvia He kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation New YorkNYUSA

As the world is gripped by the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,plant epidemics are spreading silently,affecting crop yields and the global *** have been drawn between the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing plight of plant *** 7.4 million people have been infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).

关键词： Acute infected demic

Crop agriculture: Necessarytraits for cultivation

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molecular Plant 2023年第12期16卷 1875-1877页

作者： Stuart Kaplan kate m.Creasey Krainer Grow more Foundation New YorkNYUSA

Humans hunted and gathered native plants and animals for thousands of years,eventually learning how to cultivate and exploit to feed *** cultivation and animal husbandry form the basis of modern civilization based on the conversion of solar energy directly into plant products and animal tissue and products *** aims to maximize photosynthesis by crops to produce desirable products and also minimize the impact of competing weed species,maximize the efficient use of water and soil fertility,and reduce losses in crop production due to disease and insect *** has required the domestication of plants that humans can exploit systematically to produce food,feed,fodder,and ***,this has been achieved in few species adapted by selection over thousands of *** Opinion paper,as a result of discussions between a plant geneticist and plant breeder,aims to remind the community that the purpose of agriculture is to maximize yield per unit land area.

关键词： husbandry eventually crops