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Optimize Multiple Peening Effects on Surface Integrity and Microhardness of Aluminum Alloy Induced by LSP

Materials Sciences and Applications 2023年第3期14卷 208-221页

作者： Enoch Asuako Larson Samuel Adu-Gyamfi Milku Augustine Philip yamba Jamal-Deen Kukurah Karimu Abdulai Joseph Sekyi-Ansah Osman Abdul-Razak Emmanuel A. Akurugu Aston Kuzmin School of Engineering Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Sunyani Technical University Sunyani Ghana Faculty of Engineering Department of Automobile Engineering Bolgatanga Technical University Bolgatanga Ghana Faculty of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Tamale Technical University Tamale Ghana School of Engineering Department of Agricultural Engineering University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana School of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Takoradi Technical University Takoradi Ghana Department of Mechanization of Agricultural Products Processing National Research Mordovia State University Saransk Russia

Laser shock peening is a modernized surface enhancement performed methodically to improve fatigue life, enhance the hardness of the material and make coarse grains flat under the superficial layer. In this current study, the effect of varying optimized multiple laser shock peening (LSP) is studied on the surface integrity, microhardness, and mechanical properties. The results show that the LSP-treated specimens have visible signs of valleys, wavy and varying height distribution as well as dimples. However, the presence of non-uniformity and sharp protrusions was detected from the superficiality of the as-received specimen and this was so because of the SiC abrasive material used to polish the superficial layer of the specimen before the test experiment. Prior to LSP, the surface roughness was 2 μm, however, after LSP the roughness increased to 4 μm, 6 μm and 17 μm for 1, 2, and 4 impacts, respectively. High-density dislocation can also be observed close to the grain boundary because the grain boundary prevents the migration of dislocation which could lead to dislocation walls and dislocation tangles. The increase in impacts decrease the average grain size, nevertheless, the micro-strain increased after multiple impacts. Furthermore, coarse grains after LSP were transformed into finer grains. The increase in the number of impacts increases the micro-strain likewise the full-width half maximum (FWHM). Finally, the increase in microhardness increases as the LSP impacts increase.

关键词： Surface Integrity Microhardness Sharp Protrusions SiC Abrasive Material FWHM

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Transanal Evisceration of Small Bowel about One Case at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo of Ouagadougou

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Surgical Science 2016年第7期7卷 291-294页

作者： Adama Sanou Moussa Bazongo Edgar Ouangré Maurice Zida Gilbert Patindé Bonkoungou Rodrique Namékinsba Doamba Sylvain Wendmi Karfo Elie yamba Sawadogo Nayi Zongo Si Simon Traoré Division of General and Digestive Surgery University Hospital Blaise Compaoré Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Division of General and Digestive Surgery University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Transanal evisceration of small bowel is an extremely rare condition that can occur spontaneously or after trauma. Objective: To report a case of Transanal evisceration of small bowel to describe the circumstances of occurrence and our therapeutic attitude. Observation: An 80-year-old female patient was received at the visceral Emergency of University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo for the outcome of the small intestine by the anus with the waning of a defecation effort. The physical examination of the patient accustomed to evacuation purgation noted, eviscerated the small bowel through the anus, edematous but viable. The preoperative laboratory tests were normal. In emergency, under general anesthesia, a laparotomy was possible to objectify the incarceration of intestinal loops through linear perforation of 5 cenimeter from the anterior surface of the rectosigmoid hinge. We conducted an ileo-ileal resection anastomosis, a suture rectosigmoid breach and anal extraction of small bowel incarcerated measuring 200 centimeter. The evolution was simple. Conclusion: The weakening of the rectal mucosa by repeated purges has certainly been the contributory factor. The surgical treatment must be precocious to avoid extensive intestinal resection.

关键词： Evisceration Transanal Small Bowel Rectum Sigmoid

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One Health training needs for Senegalese professionals to manage emerging public health threats

Science in One Health

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Science in One Health 2022年第1期1卷 57-66页

作者： Walter Ossebi Andree Prisca Ndjoug Ndour Sara Daniele Dieng Andre Pouwedeou Bedekelabou Miguiri Kalandi Fatimata Niang Diop Rianatou Bada Alambedji Yalace yamba Kaboret Adama Faye Bienvenu Sambou Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakar-Fann BP5077Senegal Ministry of Livestock Togo Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine Africa One Health University NetworkDakar-Fann BP5077Senegal Institute of Environmental Sciences Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakar-Fann BP5005Senegal Institute of Health and Development Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakar-Fann BP5005Senegal

Global health trends,marked by increasing epidemics and pandemics,call for enhanced human resource preparedness to prevent and respond to emerging and future health ***,according to the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH),at least 75%of the pathogens responsible for emerging and re-emerging human infectious diseases originate from *** health problems involve environmental,economic and social *** of their multidimensional nature,addressing these health problems requires the adoption of a One Health *** achieve this,training of human resources is a *** descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 12 to 22,2021 in 6 regions of Senegal,namely,Dakar,Thies,Diourbel,Kaolack,Saint-Louis,and *** were administered online and in person to 217 professionals in human,environmental,animal health and *** were statistically processed,and bivariate analyses enabled a better correlation between training needs for professionals according to their occupational *** survey sample was 64%male and 36%*** than half of the professionals surveyed(53.5%)had less than 10 years of *** health workers were the most represented(46%),followed by animal health workers(34%)and environmental workers(16%).Agriculture,fisheries,and food security were weakly *** had received training in the One Health approach and entry-level One Health skills predomi*** One Health competencies in which professionals want to build capacity differ by ***,public health and epidemiology,health risk management,basic of One Health concepts,animal health and biotechnology are the *** development of training programs could then enable these expressed needs to be addressed.

关键词： Training needs One Health Professionals Competencies Senegal

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Prevalence of Renal Failure in Children and the Need for Dialysis in Paediatric Nephrology in a Developing Country

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期12卷 101-111页

作者： Younoussa Keita Aliou A. Ndongo Fatou Ly Ndeye C. Cisse Liliane N. D. M. yamba Babacar Niang Djiby Seck Amadou Sow Ndeye F. Sow Abou Ba Indou D. Ly Aliou Thiongane Amadou L. Fall Idrissa D. Ba Modou Gueye Pape M. Faye Assane Sylla Pediatric Unit of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Pikine Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Albert Royer Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Dalal Diam Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: Renal failure is among the major visceral failures responsible for morbidity and mortality in children. Epidemiological data on renal failure in children are limited in sub-Saharan Africa, including Senegal. We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of renal failure (RF) and the need for dialysis in the paediatric nephrology unit. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study in the pediatric nephrology unit from 1st January 2020 to 30 June 2021, including children with acute or chronic RF. The need for dialysis was judged to be met by its effectiveness in face of an indication. The data collected were analysed on sphinx plus 2017 software. Results: The prevalence of RF was 60% (n/N = 132/220). RF was acute in 59% (n/N = 78/132) of cases. The mean age was 6.53 ± 4.77 years with a sex ratio of 1.8. The mean serum creatinine level was 27.22 mg/L (240.9 μmol/L) and BUN at 0.85 g/L. The aetiologies were dominated by prerenal AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) complicating nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 37.2% (n/N = 29/78) and dehydration due to stomach flu in 17.6% (n/N = 9/51). Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis including group A streptococcus and plasmodium falciparum accounted for 16.7% (n = 13/78) of intrinsic AKI. The need for dialysis was unmet in 50% (n/N = 7/14) with a mortality of 14.1% (n/N = 11/78). The mean age of the patients with chronic RF was 8.68 ± 4.74 years with a sex ratio of 2.6. The mean serum creatinine level was 36.56 mg/L (323.5 μmol/L) and the BUN level was 0.99 g/L. Half of the children were classified as having CKD stage II (early stage). The aetiologies were dominated by primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 53.7% (n/N = 29/54), renal hypoplasia, 22.2% (n/N = 12/54) and reflux nephropathy, 29.4% (n/N = 5/17). The need for dialysis was unmet in 46.1% (n/N = 6/13). The overall mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with RF was 29.6% (n/N = 8/27). Conclusion: The prevalence of RF was high i

关键词： Renal Failure Glomerulonephritis Hypodysplasia Dialysis Children

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塞拉利昂弗里敦市2019年蚊媒监测结果分析

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中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 2020年第3期31卷 310-315页

作者：赵宁 Ishaq Sesay 涂宏 Frederick yamba 任东升郭玉红鲁亮吴海霞刘小波岳玉娟李贵昌王君宋秀平王立立段招军刘起勇中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室传染病预防控制国家重点实验室北京102206 塞拉利昂-中国友好生物安全实验室塞拉利昂弗里敦999127 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所上海200025 塞拉利昂卫生部塞拉利昂弗里敦999127 中国疾病预防控制中心全球公共卫生中心北京102206 中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所北京102206

目的在塞拉利昂弗里敦地区建立蚊媒监测能力,了解当地蚊虫密度、地域分布、种群特征和季节消长等情况。方法在塞拉利昂弗里敦市西部城区及农村共选取9个区域设置成蚊监测点,分别选择居民区、一般单位、医院和牲畜棚4类生境各不少于1处,... 详细信息

目的在塞拉利昂弗里敦地区建立蚊媒监测能力,了解当地蚊虫密度、地域分布、种群特征和季节消长等情况。方法在塞拉利昂弗里敦市西部城区及农村共选取9个区域设置成蚊监测点,分别选择居民区、一般单位、医院和牲畜棚4类生境各不少于1处,采用诱蚊灯进行监测。每个监测点布放2~4台诱蚊灯,布灯点选择室外避风避雨避光处,诱蚊灯距离地面约1.5 m。于日落前1 h开始布放诱蚊灯,翌日日出后1 h收集诱蚊灯的集蚊网,带回实验室进行蚊种形态学鉴定。2019年6月26日至12月31日期间,每周进行1次蚊虫监测。应用Excel 2007软件对蚊媒监测数据进行统计分析。结果共收集蚊虫3012只,其中库蚊占捕蚊总数的84.86%,是弗里敦地区的优势蚊属。西部农村平均总蚊密度为5.01只(/灯·夜),平均按蚊密度为1.28只(/灯·夜),按蚊构成比为1.14%~44.53%,均高于西部城区平均总蚊密度〔3.87只(/灯·夜)、平均按蚊密度〔0.12只(/灯·夜)〕和按蚊构成比(0.72%~11.90%)。蚊密度季节消长分析结果显示,塞拉利昂弗里敦地区6月底7月初旱、雨季交替时期和10月底11月初雨、旱季交替时期,蚊虫密度较高,8月下旬蚊密度最低。另外,按蚊密度季节消长趋势与总蚊密度趋势一致。不同生境比较显示,环境卫生状况较差、容易孳生蚊虫的牲畜棚蚊密度最高〔10.40只(/灯·夜)〕,其次是居民区和一般单位,分别为4.45和2.80只(/灯·夜);环境卫生状况较好、孳生地较少的医院蚊密度最低〔1.21只(/灯·夜)〕。结论塞拉利昂弗里敦地区西部农村被蚊虫叮咬和感染疟疾的风险比西部城区高;旱、雨季和雨、旱季交替时期是防控蚊媒及其传染病(如疟疾)的关键时期,当地需要进一步加强蚊媒孳生地管理。

关键词：塞拉利昂蚊媒监测按蚊

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