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Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE kassa TEKA Daniel H BERHE Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of Natural Resources Management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

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Aqueous Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) Effectively Treats Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Wistar Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第8期11卷 154-168页

作者： Semado Franck Médard Tchogou Atchadé Pascal Medoatinsa Seinde Espérance Agbogba Félicienne Abissi Yollande kassa roxane Lokonon Jacques Ezéchiel Houngbeme Alban Agbonon Amegnon Gbénou Joachim Djimon Baba-Moussa Lamine Senou Maximin Experimental and Clinical Biology Unit (UBEC) Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Laboratory (LaRBiMeP) National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology of Dassa-Zoumé (ENSBBA) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin Experimental and Clinical Biology Unit (UBEC) Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Laboratory (LaRBiMeP) National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology of Dassa-Zoumé (ENSBBA) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin National Pharmacognosy Laboratory (LNP) Institute for Research and Experimentation in Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia (IREMPT) Porto Novo Benin Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology Faculty of Sciences University of Lome Lome Togo Doctoral School (ED-STIM) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Moringa oleifera was a medicinal plant generally used by populations in the food and therapeutic fields. It’s used to treat anemia has been observed in the Djougou Zone in northern Benin. To our knowledge, there were no scientific data available that have evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of haemolytic anemia. This was what justifies this research work in which the phytochemical analysis, extraction and evaluation of the anti-anemic effect were carried out. Methods: Five groups of five Wistar rats each were formed. All the rats were rendered anemic by injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on the first two days D0 and D1 except those in the negative control group. From the second day, the anemic groups were force-fed either with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight/day, or with vitafer, the reference drug against anemia. The positive control group (anemia) was not treated. Blood samples were taken from all the rats on different days: D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 to evaluate the data of the hemogram and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanins, saponosides, triterpenes and mucilages. A good yield was obtained at the extraction. Both the extract and the reference drug vitafer completely corrected anemia within two weeks after stimulating hemoglobin synthesis and early release of immature red blood cells into the bloodstream. Its effect seemed dose-dependent and specific. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves showed good therapeutic efficacy and can be considered and exploited for transformation into improved traditional medicines (ITM) in the treatment of anemia.

关键词： Moringa oleifera Hemolytic Anemia Red Blood Cells Wistar Rats

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Design and analysis of a proportional-integral controller based on a Smith predictor for TCP/AQM network systems

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第2期23卷 291-303页

作者： Ouassim MENACER Abderraouf MESSAI Lazhar kassa-BAGHDOUCHE Department of Electronics Faculty of Technology SciencesFreres Mentouri University of Constantine 125000 ConstantineAlgeria Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Faculty of Science and Technology8 May 1945 University of Guelma24000 GuelmaAlgeria

Active queue management(AQM)is essential to prevent the degradation of quality of service in TCP/AQM systems with round-trip time(RTT)*** delays are primarily caused by packet-propagation delays,but they can also be caused by the processing time of queuing operations and dynamically changing network *** study focuses on the design and analysis of an AQM digital controller under time-delay *** controller is based on the Smith predictor algorithm and is called the SMITHPI *** study also demonstrates the stability of the controller and its robustness against network parameter variations such as the number of TCP connections,time delays,and user datagram protocol *** performance,robustness,and effectiveness of the proposed SMITHPI controller are evaluated using the NS-2 ***,the performance of the SMITHPI controller is compared with that of a well-known queue-based AQM,called the proportional-integral controller.

关键词： Active queue management Transport control protocol Round-trip time delay Smith predictor

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Determinants of neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第11期18卷 725-733页

作者： Habtamu Gebrehana Belay Getachew Arage Debebe Alemu Degu Ayele Bekalu Getnet kassa Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie Mulugeta Dile Worke Department of Midwifery College of Health SciencesDebre Tabor UniversityP.O.Box 272Debre TaborEthiopia Department of Nursing College of Health SciencesDebre Tabor UniversityDebre TaborEthiopia

Background Neonatal jaundice is a common condition characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin,conjunctiva,and sclera caused by elevated serum or plasma bilirubin levels during the newborn *** condition is usually not dangerous,but it can progress to severe hyperbilirubinemia,which can lead to acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus,a bilirubin-induced neurological ***,this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its determinants in *** Scopus,PubMed,Google Scholar,Embase,and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published between January 1,2010 and July 30,2021.A weighted DerSimonian Laird random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its associated *** I2 was used to calculate the degree of *** funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to assess publication *** Totally 697 articles were generated from various databases,and the review included a total of eight *** pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 30.96%[95%confidence interval(CI)16.61%–45.31%)]in *** review showed that prolonged labor[adjusted odd ratio(AOR)=3.39;95%CI 2.41–4.77),low birth weight(AOR=5.12;95%CI 3.11–8.72),birth asphyxia(AOR=3.75;95%CI 2.11–6.66),cephalohematoma(AOR=7.07;95%CI 2.72–18.38),ABO incompatibility(AOR=6.05;95%CI 2.95–12.42),Rhesus(RH)incompatibility(AOR=3.77;95%CI 2.04–6.96),male sex(AOR=4.53;95%CI 3.39–6.07),and neonatal sepsis(AOR=2.47;95%CI 1.49–4.08)were identified as a determining factor for neonatal jaundice in *** In low-and middle-income countries,neonatal jaundice is a significant healthcare burden,accounting for a significant portion of global childhood mortality and ***,some low-cost,effective,practical,and dependable solutions have been *** labor,ABO incompatibility,RH incompatibility,birth asphyxia,neonatal sepsis,low birth weight,ceph

关键词： Ethiopia Meta-analysis Neonatal jaundice Systematic review

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Genecological zones and selection criteria for natural forest populations for conservation:the case of Boswellia papyrifera in Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 507-516页

作者： Abayneh Derero Adefires Worku Habtemariam kassa Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute P.O.Box 30708Addis AbabaEthiopia Center for International Forestry Research Ethiopia OfficeP.O.Box 5689ILRI-Addis CampusAddis AbabaEthiopia

Rapid changes in land-use in the Combretum–Terminalia woodlands of northwestern Ethiopia are mainly due to the increases in commercial farming and *** used integrated ecological and social data collection techniques,including subdivision of the vegetation zone,vegetation survey,focus group discussions and key informant interviews,to identify genecological zones and set criteria for selection of viable populations of Boswellia papyrifera(Del.)Hochst in Ethiopia for *** of senior experts were supported with a rating method and involved 43 respondents and focused on identifying and weighting criteria and indicators of selection in a participatory way to prioritize populations for *** mean annual rainfall data,we reclassified the Combretum–Terminalia woodland vegetation region into three moisture zones(wet,moist and dry),and designated them as genecological zones for *** conservation.A total of 35 woody species were identified at Lemlem Terara site in Metema district,and the Shannon diversity index and evenness were 2.01 and of 0.62,*** were 405 adult trees,and 10 saplings and3314 seedlings per *** trees were medium-sized with overall mean diameter at breast height(dbh) of 16.9(±9.5)*** recruitment was poor due to grazing,crop production and fire *** a multi-criteria decision analysis,five criteria and 20 quantitative indicators were identified and weighted to prioritize populations for *** criteria in their descending order of importance are(1) forest ecosystem health and vitality,(2)forest cover and population structure of ***,(3)productive function of the forest,(4) biological diversity in the forest,and(5) socioeconomic benefits of the forest to *** tests in the general linear model revealed significant differences among researchers and nonresearchers in rating the criteria and indicators,but not among foresters and nonforester

关键词： Agricultural expansion Combretum–Terminalia Indicators Multi-criteria decision analysis method(MCDA) Settlement

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Socio-ecological vulnerability to climate change/variability in central rift valley,Ethiopia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第1期10卷 9-20页

作者： Zenebe MEKONNEN Teshale WOLDEAMANUEL Habtemariam kassa Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityShashemeneEthiopia Forests and Livelihoods Research Centre for International Forest Research(CIFOR)Addis AbabaEthiopia

Climate change/variability and environmental degradation have increased in the central rift valley of Ethiopia,which in turn making the people inhabiting in that ecosystem more vulnerable to the *** purposes of this study were to assess the vulnerability of households andagro-ecosystems to climate change and environmental degradation and the factors determining vulnerabilities in the central rift valley,*** were collected between November 2014 and May 2015 by interviewing 355 *** has been supplemented with focus group discussions and key informant *** indicator and matrix methods were used to describe socio-ecological *** resultsshowed that about 9%of the respondents were highly vulnerable to climate change/variability,and environmental *** in the lowland have the largest proportion of high vulnerable households(60%),while households in highland have the largest proportion of low vulnerable households(30%).In the lowland agro-ecology,the adaptive capacity component has contributed the largest share to household's vulnerability index to the impacts of climate change/variability and environmental *** sensitivity component has higer contribution in highland agro-ecology and the exposure component in the midland *** were variations of income deviation between agro-ecologies that lead to variation in vulnerability of *** vulnerability index has shown a very light negative correlation with livelihood diversification *** poorest households with little share of the total income distribution and with low livelihood diversity index,were the most *** results showed that the highest exposure index on ecosystem functions and agricultural performance were in the lowland *** study highlighted the need to assess the social and ecological vulnerabilities in integrated approach as singling out one from the other is *** is,s

关键词： Adaptive capacity Vulnerability Exposure Impacts Ecosystem services Sensitivity

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Can integrated watershed management reduce soil erosion and improve livelihoods? A study from northern Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第3期8卷 266-276页

作者： kassa Teka Mulu Haftu Madelene Ostwald Christel Cederberg Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityEthiopia Wukro St.Mary’s Institute WukroTigrayEthiopia Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research Department of Thematic Studies/Environmental ChangeLinköping UniversitySweden Department of Space Earth and EnvironmentPhysical Resource TheoryChalmers University of TechnologySweden

The study aimed at evaluating the impact of integrated watershed management on reducing soil erosion and changes in the livelihoods of rural farming households in *** changes in soil erosion for the years between 2002 and 2015 were estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model,while the impacts on livelihoods were assessed by household *** the study period,the overall average annual soil loss was ***,crop productivity,water availability(irrigation and domestic)and fodder availability increased by 22,33 and 10%,respectively,while an increase in household income(by 56%)was ***,72%of the sampled households were able to cover their 12-month annual expenditure demands in 2015,while only 50%of the households were able to cover these demands in *** can be concluded that the implemented integrated watershed man-agement activities seemingly resulted in reduced soil loss,enhanced vegetation cover,and additional household *** paper also elaborates on the hurdles for integrated watershed management expansion.

关键词： Soil loss Crop productivity Water availability Feed availability Household income

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Analysis of a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of human melioidosis

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2020年第7期13卷 109-131页

作者： Yibeltal Adane Terefe Semu Mitiku kassa Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Limpopo South Africa Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences Botswana International University of Science and Technology Botswana

A deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of melioidosis disease in human population is designed and *** model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation,where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium when the basic reproduction number R_(0) is less than *** is further shown that the backward bifurcation dynamics is caused by the reinfection of individuals who recovered from the disease and *** existence of backward bifurcation implies that bringing down R_(0) to less than unity is not enough for disease *** the absence of backward bifurcation,the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium is shown whenever R_(0)1,the existence of at least one locally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium is *** analysis of the model,using the parameters relevant to the transmission dynamics of the melioidosis disease,is *** experiments are presented to support the theoretical analysis of the *** the numerical experimentations,it has been observed that screening and treating individuals in the exposed class has a significant impact on the disease dynamics.

关键词： Melioidosis bifurcation reinfection reproduction number stability sensitivity analysis

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Parasitic plant in natural Boswellia papyrifera stands at Humera, Northern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 923-928页

作者： Abraham Yirgu Alemu Gezahgne Habtemariam kassa Minilik Tsega Forestry Research Centre P.O. BOX 30708 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Centers for International Forestry Research P.O. BOX 5689 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research P.O. BOX 2003 Addis Ababa Ethiopia

In Boswellia papyrifera （Del.） Hochst natural stands, we stud- ied the association of parasitic plants with B. papyrifera trees from which frankincense was tapped and marketed for domestic and export markets. Data on the rate of infection of parasitic plants on B. papyrifera was collected in three transects located at separate locations around Baha kar, northern Ethiopia. Each transect had ten circular sample plots of 400 m2 and separated by 100 m. Species composition, DBH, height, crown di- ameter, number of main, secondary and tertiary branches and number of parasitic plants on individual trees were recorded. Sixteen tree species were recorded in the combined sample plots. The parasitic plant associ- ated with B. papyrifera was identified as Tapinanthus globiferus. This parasite infected 38% of Boswellia trees in sample plots. The infection rate of the parasitic plant varied from 1 to 33 per Boswellia tree. The infection of T. globiferus on B. papyrifera was predominantly limited to tertiary small branchlets arising from secondary branches; parasitic plants were absent on thick main and secondary branches. In all plots, infectionof T. globiferus was exclusively limited to Boswellia trees. The influence of T. globiferus parasitism on growth of Boswellia trees and its influence on yield of incense production needs further investigation. Management of natural stands for frankincense production should include measures to reduce infection by T. globiferus.

关键词： Boswellia papyrifera parasitic plant Tapinanthus globiferus Humera Ethiopia

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Climate-dependent malaria disease transmission model and its analysis

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2019年第8期12卷 87-126页

作者： kassahun Workalemahu Geamshuaw Semu Mitiku kassa Rachid Ouifki Department of Mathematics Addis Ababa University P.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences Botswana International University of Science and Technology(BIUST)P/Bag 16 PalapyeBotswana Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Pretoria South Africa

Malaria infection continues to be a major problem in many parts of the world including *** variables are known to significantly affect the population dynamics and abundance of insects,major catalysts of vector-borne diseases,but the exact extent and consequences of this sensitivity are not yet well *** assess the impact of the variability in temperature and rainfall on the transmission dynamics of malaria in a population,we propose a model consisting of a system of non-autonomous deterministic equations that incorporate the effect of both temperature and rainfall to the dispersion and mortality rate of adult *** model has been validated using epidemiological data collected from the western region of Ethiopia by considering the trends for the cases of malaria and the climate variation in the ***,a mathematical analysis is performed to assess the impact of temperature and rainfall change on the transmission dynamics of the *** periodic variation of seasonal variables as well as the non-periodic variation due to the long-term climate variation have been incorporated and *** both periodic and non-periodic cases,it has been shown that the disease-free solution of the model is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity in the periodic system and when the threshold function is less than unity in the non-periodic *** disease is uniformly persistent when the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity in the periodic system and when the threshold function is greater than unity in the non-periodic system.

关键词： Climate-dependent malaria model asymptotic stability periodic and nonperiodic climate-dependent growth rates validation using epidemiological data

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