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Prevalence of gastric varices and results of sclerotherapy with N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate for controlling acute gastric variceal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第8期13卷 1247-1251页

作者： Khalid Mumtaz Shahid Majid Hasnain A Shah kashif hameed Ashfaq Ahmed Saeed Hamid Wasim Jafri Section of Gastroenterology Aga Khan University HospitalKarachiPakistan

AIM： To study the prevalence, predictors and control of bleeding following N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate （NBC） sclerotherapy of gastric varix （GV）. METHODS： We analyzed case records of 1436 patients with portal hypertension, who underwent endoscopy during the past five years for variceal screening or upper gastrointestinal （GI） bleeding. Fifty patients with bleeding GV underwent sclerotherapy with a mean of 2 mL NBC for control of bleeding. Outcome parameters were primary hemostasis （bleeding control within the first 48 h）, recurrent bleeding （after 48 h of esophagogastro-duodenoscopy） and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. RESULTS： The prevalence of GV in patients with portal hypertension was 15% （220/1436） and the incidence of bleeding was 22.7% （50/220）. Out of the 50 bleeding GV patients, isolated gastric varices （IGV-Ⅰ） were seen in 22 （44%）, gastro-oesophageal varices （GOV） on lesser curvature （GOV-Ⅰ） in 16 （32%）, and GOV on greater curvature （GOV-Ⅱ） in 15 （30%）. IGV-Ⅰ was seen in 44% （22/50） patients who had bleeding as compared to 23% （39/170） who did not have bleeding （P 〈 0.003）. Primary hernostasis was achieved with NBC in all patients. Re-bleeding occurred in 7 （14%） patients after 48 h of initial sclerotherapy. Secondary hemostasis was achieved with repeat NBC sclerotherapy in 4/7 （57%）. Three patients died after repeat sclerotherapy, one during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stem shunt （TIPSS）, one during surgery and one due to uncontrolled bleeding. Treatment failure-related mortality rate was 6% （3/50）. CONCLUSION： GV can be seen in 15% of patients with portal hypertension and the incidence of bleeding is 22.7%. NBC is highly effective in controlling GV bleeding. In hospital mortality of patients with bleeding GV is 6%.

关键词： Gastric varices Portal hypertension N-butyl cyanoacrylate Bleeding Sclerotherapy

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Separation of Fault Tolerance and Non-Functional Concerns: Aspect Oriented Patterns and Evaluation

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2010年第4期3卷 303-311页

作者： kashif hameed Rob Williams Jim Smith University of the West of England Bristol Institute of Technology Bristol UK.

Dependable computer based systems employing fault tolerance and robust software development techniques demand additional error detection and recovery related tasks. This results in tangling of core functionality with these cross cutting non-functional concerns. In this regard current work identifies these dependability related non-functional and cross-cutting concerns and proposes design and implementation solutions in an aspect oriented framework that modularizes and separates them from core functionality. The degree of separation has been quantified using software metrics. A Lego NXT Robot based case study has been completed to evaluate the proposed design framework.

关键词： Aspect Oriented Design and Programming Separation of Concerns Executable Assertions Exception Handling Fault Tolerance Software Metrics

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Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency:A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 153-166页

作者： Rahool Rai Fareed HussainMangi kashif Ahmed Sudhakar Kumaramsay Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Science&Technology Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department SUKKUR IBA UniversitySukkur65200Pakistan Berlin School of Business and Innovation BSBI Faculty of Computer Science and InformaticsBerlin12043Germany Automotive Engineering Centre University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid&Processes(Fluid Centre) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)Paya BesarKuantan26300PahangMalaysia

The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable *** energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant ***,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight *** study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat *** CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of *** specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction *** finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar *** cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.

关键词： PV module efficiency water film thickness reynolds number CFD analysis PV/T renewable energy

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Parameters effect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenolin aqueous dispersion of TiO_2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期21卷 527-533页

作者： kashif Naeem Department of Urban and Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide （TiO2） dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.

关键词： irradiation phenol photocatalytic degradation titanium dioxide UV light

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Influence of supports on photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期25卷 399-404页

作者： kashif Naeem Feng Ouyang Central Analytical Facility Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol （4-CP） in aqueous suspensions with the use of titanium dioxide （TiO2 ） under UV irradiation was examined. The effects of different supporting materials mixed physically with TiO2 were studied to achieve maximum degradation efficiency. Among the three supports, namely activated carbon （AC）, silica （SiO2 ） and zeolite （ZSM-5）, all exhibited paramount efficiency for degradation of phenol and 4-CP and was better than TiO2 alone. The optimum concentration was found to be 50 mg for all supporting materials. The efficiency order of the three supports was as follows： AC 〉 ZSM-5 〉 SiO2 , respectively. Whilst, the degradation of phenol and 4-CP was improved from 70.6% to 87.6% and 80.6% to 89.7%, respectively, within 120 min photocatalysis in the presence of optimal amount of AC. The degradation was also comparatively enhanced in the presence of cheaper rice husk and the activity was closed to ZSM-5 and lower than AC.

关键词： 4-chlorophenol phenol photocatalytic degradation support TiO2

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Variable-fidelity optimization with design space reduction

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第4期26卷 841-849页

作者： Mohammad kashif Zahir Gao Zhenghong School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University

Advanced engineering systems, like aircraft, are defined by tens or even hundreds of design variables. Building an accurate surrogate model for use in such high-dimensional optimization problems is a difficult task owing to the curse of dimensionality. This paper presents a new algorithm to reduce the size of a design space to a smaller region of interest allowing a more accurate surrogate model to be generated. The framework requires a set of models of different physical or numerical fidelities. The low-fidelity （LF） model provides physics-based approximation of the high-fidelity （HF） model at a fraction of the computational cost. It is also instrumental in identifying the small region of interest in the design space that encloses the high-fidelity optimum. A surrogate model is then constructed to match the low-fidelity model to the high-fidelity model in the identified region of interest. The optimization process is managed by an update strategy to prevent convergence to false optima. The algorithm is applied on mathematical problems and a two-dimen-sional aerodynamic shape optimization problem in a variable-fidelity context. Results obtained are in excellent agreement with high-fidelity results, even with lower-fidelity flow solvers, while showing up to 39% time savings.

关键词： Airfoil optimization Curse of dimensionality Design space reduction Genetic algorithms Kriging Surrogate models Surrogate update strategies Variable fidelity

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Computational and experimental investigations of a microfluidic mixer for efficient iodine extraction using carbon tetrachloride enhanced with gas bubbles

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第11期32卷 518-526页

作者： Siddique Muhammad kashif 孙林李松晶 Department of Fluid Control and Automation School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Numerous studies have been conducted on microfluidic mixers in various microanalysis systems, which elucidated the manipulation and control of small fluid volumes within microfluidic chips. These studies have demonstrated the ability to control fluids and samples precisely at the microscale. Microfluidic mixers provide high sensitivity for biochemical analysis due to their small volumes and high surface-to-volume ratios. A promising approach in drug delivery is the rapid microfluidic mixer-based extraction of elemental iodine at the micro level, demonstrating the versatility and the potential to enhance diagnostic imaging and accuracy in targeted drug delivery. Micro-mixing inside microfluidic chips plays a key role in biochemical analysis. The experimental study describes a microfluidic mixer for extraction of elemental iodine using carbon tetrachloride with a gas bubble mixing process. Gas bubbles are generated inside the microcavity to create turbulence and micro-vortices resulting in uniform mixing of samples. The bubble mixing of biochemical samples is analyzed at various pressure levels to validate the simulated results in computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The experimental setup includes a high-resolution camera and an air pump to observe the mixing process and volume at different pressure levels with time. The bubble formation is controlled by adjusting the inert gas flow inside the microfluidic chip. Microfluidic chip-based gas bubble mixing effects have been elaborated at various supplied pressures.

关键词： microfluidic mixer iodine extraction CFD simulation micro-mixing properties

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Outage Probability Analysis of Free Space Communication System Using Diversity Combining Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6001-6017页

作者： Hasnain kashif Muhammad Nasir Khan Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan

Recently,free space optical(FSO)communication is gaining much attention towards the research *** reason for this attention is the promises of high data-rate,license-free deployment,and non-interfering *** can,however,give rise to major system difficulties concerning alignment and atmospheric *** is the degradation in the signal quality because of atmospheric channel impairments and *** worst effect is due to fog ***,Radio Frequency(RF)links are able to transmit the data in foggy conditions but not in *** overcome these issues related to both the FSO and RF links.A free space communication system(FSCS)is proposed,in which the hybrid technology is based on the individual FSO and RF *** is a capable solution to overcome the difficulties of the existing systems(FSO and RF)as well as to enhance the overall link reliability and *** this paper,FSCS is investigated in terms of performance throughput(i.e.,outage probability and bit-error-rate(BER))by implementing the receive diversity combining *** analysis of the outage probability of the proposed system along with the individual FSO and RF system is *** results are presented to support the *** is shown that the proposed system outperforms the individual FSO andRF system and gives a power gain of 3dB over a distinct number of receive antennas.

关键词： Atmospheric turbulence free space communication system power management signal independent noise line of sight

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Adsorption of phosphate on magnetite-enriched particles (MEP) separated from the mill scale

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第5期13卷 81-92页

作者： Muhammad kashif Shahid Yunjung Kim Young-Gyun Choi Department of Environmental Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Mechanical Process Research Group Engineering CenterPOSCO E&CIncheon 220099Republic of Korea

Phosphate is a major pollutant in water, causing serious environmental and health consequences. In present study, the phosphate adsorption on novel magnetite-enriched particles (MEP) was comprehensively investigated. A new method and device were introduced for the separation of MEP from the mill scale at low magnetic intensity. Particles were characterized with different techniques such as XRD, XRF, SEM and EDS. The XRD and XRF analysis of MEP identified the dominant existence of crystalline magnetite. Furthermore, the morphological analysis of MEP confirmed the agglomerate porous morphology of magnetite. Oxygen and iron, the main constituents of magnetite were acknowledged during the elemental analysis using EDS. The phosphate adsorption on MEP is well explained using various isotherm and kinetic models, exhibiting the monolayer adsorption of phosphate on the surface of MEP. The maximum adsorption capacity was determined 6.41 mg/g. Based on particle size (45–75 and 75–150 μm) and empty bed contact time (1 and 2 h), four columns were operated for 54 days. MEP were appeared successful to remove all phosphate concentration from the column influent having 2 mg/L concentration. The operated column reactors were successfully regenerated with alkaline solution. The results indicated potential for practical application of the MEP for phosphate removal.

关键词： Adsorption Magnetite Mill-scale Phosphate Wastewater treatment

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Effects of Catalysis and Separator Functionalization on High-Energy Lithium–Sulfur Batteries:A Complete Review

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第3期6卷 333-355页

作者： Muhammad kashif Aslam Sidra Jamil Shahid Hussain Maowen Xu Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing(Southwest University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries have the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(−1)),rich sulfur resources,low production cost,and friendly environment,which makes it one of the most promising next-generation rechargeable energy storage ***,the“shuttle effect”of polysulfide results in the passivation of metal lithium anode,the decrease of battery capacity and coulombic efficiency,and the deterioration of cycle *** realize the commercialization of Li-S batteries,its serious“shuttle effect”needs to be *** commercial separators are ineffective to suppress this effect because of its large pore ***,it is an effective strategy to modify the separator surface and introduce functional modified *** addition to the blocking strategy,the catalysis of polysulfide conversion reaction is also an important factor hindering the migration of *** this review,the principles of separator modification,functionalization,and catalysis in Li-S batteries are ***,the research trend of separator functionalization and polysulfide catalysis in the future is prospected.

关键词： catalysis Li-S batteries polysulfides separator functionalization shuttle effect

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