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新型炭材料（中英文） 2022年第6期37卷 1066-1088页

作者： Bethwel K Tarus Yusufu A C Jande karoli n njau Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArushaTanzania Department of Manufacturing Industrial and Textile EngineeringMoi UniversityP.O Box3900EldoretKenya Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures(WISE-Futures)African Centre of Excellence The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyNelson Mandela RoadTengeruP.O.Box 9124Nelson MandelaArushaTanzania Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyArusha P.O.Box 447Tanzania

电容去离子技术(CDI)已迅速发展成为极具前景的海水淡化方法之一,该技术主要通过在两个多孔电极之间施加电势,使水中的带电物质向电极表面移动,去除水中的盐分进行海水淡化。当离子可以在电极材料的多孔结构中畅通无阻地通过时,海水淡... 详细信息

电容去离子技术(CDI)已迅速发展成为极具前景的海水淡化方法之一,该技术主要通过在两个多孔电极之间施加电势,使水中的带电物质向电极表面移动,去除水中的盐分进行海水淡化。当离子可以在电极材料的多孔结构中畅通无阻地通过时,海水淡化的效果最佳。纳米结构的多孔炭材料具有较高的比表面积和表面活性,因此更有利运用CDI进行海水淡化。从这个意义上来说,高比表面积静电纺丝炭纳米纤维(CnFs)是非常理想的炭材料,可以在其表面进行掺杂/接枝活性剂增强表面特性。与传统的用粉状材料制备得到的电极不同,CnF可以无需使用黏合剂自支撑形成电极,从而避免了电极材料微观结构和导电性的改变。因此,中孔和微孔均匀分布的分层孔结构使得CnF电极具有较好的海水淡化性能。此外,CnFs与法拉第材料的复合材料可以通过双电层(EDL)和赝电容机制的协同作用进一步增强离子的存储能力。本文重点综述了在CDI工艺中静电纺丝CnFs电极的主要前驱体材料、结构改性及其在盐离子电吸附中的性能。

关键词：电容去离子作用海水淡化炭纳米纤维静电纺丝电吸附

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The Potential of Using Indigenous Pesticidal Plants for Insect Pest Control to Small Scale Farmers in Africa

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3164-3174页

作者： Angela G. Mkindi Kelvin M. Mtei karoli n. njau Patrick A. ndakidemi School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES) The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania

Pesticidal plants are scientifically proven for their effectiveness in controlling insect pests. Their activity is enhanced by active compounds contained, which are known for their repellant and antifeedant potentials to the insects. Use of pesticidal plants by local small scale farmers has been a point of concern following information that majority of farmers do not widely use pesticidal plants despite of an indigenous knowledge that they possess. Improvement of the technologies used by local farmers in previous times, that are easy and effective need to help farmers abstain from the use of synthetic pesticides that are detrimental to the environment and to their own health. This paper reviews the potentiality of pesticidal plants to small holder farmers. It also gives the status of pesticidal plants use, their possible effectiveness against insect pests, persistence as well as the knowledge that indigenous people possess in their use. Again, the paper suggests the need for more instrumental research on practical improvement of indigenous knowledge on the use of pesticidal plants with scientific evidences.

关键词： Insect Pests Pesticidal Plants Environment Health Indigenous Knowledge

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Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Using Constructed Wetland in Tropical Environment： A Tanzania Case Report

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第6期3卷 439-446页

作者： Jamidu Hizzam Yahaya Katima Leonard Gastory Lugali karoli nicholas njau WSP & CW Research and Development Group College of Engineering and Technology University of Dar Es Salaam Dar EsSalaam Tanzania WWS Design and Development Company Limited Dar Es Salaam Tanzania Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering the Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science andTechnology Arusha Tanzania

The suitability of constructed wetland （CW） in were developed. The first experiment focused on zinc and treating acid mine drainage （AMD） was investigated. Two experiments nutrients removals. Four units of horizontal subsurface flow CWs were used, two cells planted with Phragmites mauritianus, one cell with Typha domingensis and one cell unplanted （control cell）. Artificial high concentrated AMD was used. It was mixed with domestic wastewater from the anaerobic waste stabilization pond （WSP） to ensure nutrient supply to the plants in the CW cells. The second experiment tested the tolerance of locally available macrophytes to the harsh acidic environment, while providing required condition for treatment of AMD. To accomplish this, another set of four CW cells planted with different types of macrophytes, namely Typha domingensis, Phragmites mauritianus, Vetiver grass and Papyrus, were used thereby subjecting them to varying acid concentration ofpH of 3.5, 3.0, 2.9 and 2.7. The study demonstrated adequate zinc removal from AMD which is related to sulphide precipitation. A CW cell planted with Typha domingensis showed higher zinc removal （80%-84%） compared to other cells. Different macrophytes showed different nutrient removal efficiency, but overall, for the type of wetland plants studied, phosphorous removal increased with decreasing pH while nitrogen removal behaved quite opposite. On the other hand, Typha domingensis, Phragmites mauritianus and Papyrus were observed to tolerate high acidity as low pH as 2.7 and therefore are suitable macrophytes for AMD treatment with CW.

关键词： Constructed wetland acid mine drainage passive system zinc removal suitable macrophytes

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