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Antenatal Corticosteroid Use and Perinatal Mortality According to Gestational Age among Preterm Singletons Born at 27 to 34 Weeks of Gestation in Hospitals in Tanzania

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Open journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期12卷 569-576页

作者： Stanley Mwita Deogratias Katabalo karol.j. marwa Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pharmacology Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Background: Antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) treatment has been proven to decrease rates of adverse perinatal outcomes when administered to pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery. Given the uncertainty about the benefit of ACS according to gestational age, we aimed to examine whether there was any benefit of ACS on perinatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) according to different gestational ages at birth. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from an observational prospective chart review study was conducted in four hospitals located in the Mwanza region, Tanzania. The study population consisted of singleton infants delivered between 27 and 34 weeks of gestation between july 2019 and February 2020. Sociodemographic and medical data were recorded from participants’ medical records. Results: Over an eight-month period, 838 preterm singletons were delivered between 27 and 34 weeks of gestation. Three hundred and twelve (37.2%) pregnant women received at least one dose of ACS. Among infants exposed to ACS, perinatal mortality rates were significantly lower than those without exposure at the 27th week (27.8% vs 94.4%, P < 0.001), the 29th week (13.3% vs 51.4%, P = 0.012) and the 34th week (3.0% vs 18.2%, P < 0.001). Among infants exposed to ACS, the RDS rate was significantly lower than those without exposure only at the 32nd week (9.5% vs 25.0%, P = 0.039). Conclusion: Our findings add to the literature about the benefits of ACS for preterm infants of various gestational ages in low-resource settings. Compared to unexposed infants, those exposed to ACS and born at 27th and 34th weeks of gestation experienced lower rates of perinatal mortality. Future research, especially among infants born before the 27th week of pregnancy, is a priority.

关键词： Antenatal Corticosteroid Perinatal Mortality Gestational Age Preterm Singletons Tanzania

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Common Preventable Health and Social Problems Encountered by Elderly in Shinyanga Region in the Northern Part of Tanzania

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Open journal of Preventive Medicine 2016年第3期6卷 115-123页

作者： Sospatro E. Ngallaba Daniel j. Makerere Elias C. Nyanza Anthony Kapesa karol marwa School of Public Health Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando Area Mwanza Tanzania School of Pharmacy Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando Area Mwanza Tanzania

Background: In Tanzania elders are respected as repositories of inherited wisdom, experienced and principal decision makers in the community. However, evidence shows that such repositories are no longer considered important in most societies. As a result elders are neglected with some mistreatment in terms of provision of health and social services for instance;at times they get denied and ignored of their obvious rights, ignoring their retirement benefits and the rights onto free social services as per the Tanzania National Ageing Policy of 2003. Elders are therefore faced with physical, psychological and geriatric social suffering. It is on this basis that this study tries to explore the common preventable health and social problems encountered by elderly in Shinyanga Region in northern part of Tanzania. Methods: Across sectional community based study of 465 subjects randomly selected was done in three wards of Kahama District. The district was selected randomly out of 8 districts of Shinyanga Region, structured questionnaires with both closed and opened endower used;the information was collected from house to house and other information collected from health facilities within the wards as every ward had one public health facility;subjects (respondents) were obtained using purposive sampling technique aiming at elderly with 60 years of age and above. Results: Kahama district has a population of approximately 36,014 of which 1500 (4%) are in the elderly age group of 60 years and above. The study population was 465 which is 30% (465/1500) of the geriatric population of Kahama. Among this group 5% were female while 41% were male and 53% (248/465) were married. 64% (297/465) were taking care of themselves, 32% (150/465) cared by relatives and 4% (18/465) cared by the community. Among the respondents, 40% (185/465) were affected by HIV/AIDs in one way or another either living with orphans whose parents died of HIV/AIDS or asking care of the infected patients within the

关键词： Geriatric Social Problems Health Services Preventable Diseases Tanzania

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Prevalence, Grades and Management of Prostate Cancer among Men Attending Oncology Unit at Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza, Tanzania

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Open journal of Epidemiology 2022年第2期12卷 146-157页

作者： Deogratias M. Katabalo joyce josephat Winfrida Minja Stanley Mwita karol.j. marwa Peter Rambau Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pathology School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer in men after lung cancer, it accounts for 3.8% of all deaths caused by cancer in men worldwide. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, grades and management of prostate cancer among male patients admitted with cancer at Oncology Department of Bugando Medical Centre. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-section study that retrieved data from 384 medical files of male patients admitted with cancer in Oncology wards at Bugando Medical Centre from january 2017 to December 2020. Results: The prevalence of prostate cancer was 39.84% (153 of 384 male patients). The mean age of patients with prostate cancer was 64.85 years ± 14.59 years. Two third of the patients’ prostate cancer were graded at presentation and of these, 52.58% (51 of 97) were having a high grade prostate cancer of Gleason scores 8, 9 or 10. Treatment involved hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and Radiotherapy whereby 49.48% (n = 190) were treated with hormonal therapy (Goserelin and Bicalutamide), 32.03% (n = 123) with combination of hormonal and chemotherapy, (Goserelin, bicalutamide and docetaxel or paclitaxel), 15.69% (n = 60) with combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy and 2.6% (n = 11) with chemotherapy alone (Docetaxel). Conclusion: The study found high prevalence of prostate cancer among male patients, majority with high grade form and limited options of treatment. Frequent screening and awareness programs should be conducted to enable early detection to reduce its morbidity and mortality. Patient on treatment should be followed up to determine their response to treatments.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Prevalence Management Tanzania

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Erratum to:Influence of structural defects on charge density waves in 1T-TaS_(2)

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2204-2204页

作者： Iaroslav Lutsyk karol Szalowski Pawel Krukowski Pawel Dabrowski Maciej Rogala Witold Kozlowski Maxime Le Ster Michal Piskorski Dorota A.Kowalczyk Wojciech Rys Rafal Dunal Aleksandra Nadolska Klaudia Toczek Przemyslaw Przybysz Ewa Lacinska johannes Binder Andrzej Wysmolek Natalia Olszowska jacek j.Kolodziej Martin Gmitra Takuma Hattori Yuji Kuwahara Guang Bian Tai-Chang Chiang Pawel j.Kowalczyk Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics University of LodzPomorska 149/15390-236 LodzPoland Faculty of Physics University of WarsawPasteura 502-093 WarsawPoland Faculty of Physics Astronomyand Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian UniversityLojasiewicza 1130-348 KrakowPoland National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS Jagiellonian UniversityCzerwone Maki 9830-392 KrakówPoland Institute of Physics Faculty of SciencePavol JozefŠafárik University in KošicePark Angelinum 904001 KošiceSlovakia Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of SciencesWatsonova 4704001 KošiceSlovakia Department of Precision Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuita 565-0871Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65211USA Department of Physics and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801-3080USA

The name of the second author in original paper was unfortunately *** should be“karol Szalowski”,instead of“karoli Szalowski”.

关键词： structural charge defects

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沥青体系的分子动力学研究进展及展望

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材料导报 2020年第19期34卷 19083-19093页

作者：何亮李冠男郑雨丰 Alessio Alexiadis jan Valentin karol.j.Kowalski 重庆交通大学交通土建材料国家地方联合实验室重庆400074 哈尔滨工业大学交通科学与工程学院哈尔滨150090 伯明翰大学化学工程学院伯明翰B152TT 捷克理工大学土木工程学院布拉格16629 华沙理工大学土木工程学院华沙00-637

随着我国道路工程的飞速发展,沥青混凝土在路面工程中有越来越广泛的应用。近年来,沥青材料的研究已不仅局限于宏观性能试验,还拓展到介观与微观层面对沥青材料进行多尺度研究。分子动力学方法属于微观研究方法的一种,它是通过积分算法... 详细信息

随着我国道路工程的飞速发展,沥青混凝土在路面工程中有越来越广泛的应用。近年来,沥青材料的研究已不仅局限于宏观性能试验,还拓展到介观与微观层面对沥青材料进行多尺度研究。分子动力学方法属于微观研究方法的一种,它是通过积分算法模拟研究对象在不同条件下的分子运动轨迹与体系能量变化,并分析模拟数据得出结论。该方法已被广泛应用于分子尺度下路面沥青材料设计与微观机理研究,其优势在于从分子运动的角度解释沥青体系的各种现象与性质。因此,许多学者采用宏观试验和分子动力学模拟相结合的多尺度方法研究沥青体系,这将推动沥青材料的进一步发展。本文对沥青体系的分子动力学进行了全面的分析,构建了沥青体系分子动力学模型的一般平衡步骤,提出采用密度、玻璃态转变温度、黏度、溶解度参数等对沥青体系分子动力学模型的有效性进行验证。综合分析了分子动力学方法对沥青纳米聚集、自修复、改性、老化、界面黏附等行为机理的研究进展,提出采用耗散粒子动力学与粗粒化分子动力学对现阶段沥青体系分子动力学的研究尺度进行扩展。研究结果表明,沥青类材料的分子动力学方法还处于早期探索阶段,但其发展潜力极大,利用分子动力学方法研究沥青体系各组分分子的动力学行为,可揭示常规试验无法观察到的分子含时运动规律,预测沥青材料的宏观性能并针对沥青的分子结构提出其路用性能改善措施,从分子尺度上推动沥青路面多尺度试验仿真方法的发展与完善,为沥青材料基因组的开发研究奠定基础。

关键词：分子动力学道路沥青耗散粒子动力学粗粒化分子动力学

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Is more evidence needed for thrombectomy in basilar artery occlusion? The BASICS and BEST meta- analytical approaches

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 671-672,I0094-I0096页

作者： Davi j Fontoura Solla Felipe Coelho Argolo karol P Budohoski Angelos G Kolias joséGuilherme M P Caldas jamary Oliveira-Filho Division of Neurosurgery Department of NeurologyUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma Cambridge UniversityCambridgeUK Machine Learning for Mental Health Lab King's College LondonLondonUK Division of Neurosurgery Department of Clinical NeurosciencesAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridge UniversityCambridgeUK Radiology University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Federal University of BahiaSalvadorBahiaBrazil

INTRODUCTION The benefit of mechanical thrombectomy for stroke associated with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion(LVO)is well established and among the most effective treatments in medicine.1 Stroke associated with basilar artery occlusion(BAO)was not included in the seminal thrombectomy randomised clin-ical trials(RCTs).BAO accounts for 1%of the ischaemic strokes and 5%-10%of the LVO,but 70%-80%of BAO victims evolve to death or full dependence.23 The terminal nature of the brainstem and thalamic circulations may predispose to such dismal *** two RCT designed to assess the efficacy of early(<6-8 hours since symptoms onset)thrombectomy for BAO treatment,the BEST and BASICS trials.24 Given the prior evidence for thrombectomy benefit for anterior circu-lation stroke is well settled;BAO stroke shares a similar physiopathology with very poor prog-nosis.

关键词： throm occlusion basilar

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钢渣沥青混合料应用现状

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交通运输工程学报 2020年第2期20卷 15-33页

作者：何亮詹程阳吕松涛 GRENFELL james 高杰 KOWALSKI karol.j.VALENTIN jan 谢君 REKLidija 凌天清重庆交通大学交通土建工程材料国家地方联合工程实验室重庆400074 长沙理工大学特殊环境道路工程湖南省重点实验室湖南长沙410114 ARRB集团有限公司维多利亚墨尔本VIC3207 华沙理工大学土木工程学院马佐夫舍华沙00-637 捷克理工大学土木工程学院布拉格16629 武汉理工大学硅酸盐建筑材料国家重点实验室湖北武汉430070 斯洛文尼亚国家建筑和土木工程研究院沥青与沥青基产物实验室卢布尔雅那SI1000

总结了钢渣的物理性质、化学成分及矿物相组成,分析了影响钢渣体积安定性的因素及其改善措施,探讨了钢渣沥青混合料的配合比设计方法,分析了钢渣沥青混合料的路用性能(高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、水稳定性、抗疲劳性、体积安定性、抗滑性... 详细信息

总结了钢渣的物理性质、化学成分及矿物相组成,分析了影响钢渣体积安定性的因素及其改善措施,探讨了钢渣沥青混合料的配合比设计方法,分析了钢渣沥青混合料的路用性能(高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、水稳定性、抗疲劳性、体积安定性、抗滑性)及其功能特性(导电性与微波加热),研究了钢渣沥青混合料的生态、社会及经济效益,介绍了国内外的工程应用。研究结果表明:钢渣可用于沥青混合料,且应为陈化半年以上的转炉钢渣或电炉钢渣,钢渣的物理力学性能优良,而化学成分及矿物相组成受炼钢工艺影响有所区别,钢渣体积安定性的不足可通过预处理或陈化处理得到较好的改善,钢渣沥青混合料的配合比设计要点包括钢渣替代传统集料的方式和比例、沥青混合料级配修正、有效相对密度测定以及最佳油石比的确定,钢渣沥青混合料的路用性能及功能特性优于天然集料沥青混合料,具有较好的环境影响性且综合经济效益更高,关于钢渣沥青混合料路用性能的研究较多,而作用机理方面相对缺乏,关键性的限制因素如密度较高、体积安定性不良、混合料沥青用量增加等仍未得到根本性解决,未来应重点研究钢渣沥青路面的长期性能及质量控制体系,并开展全寿命周期研究,以加快钢渣沥青路面的应用与推广。

关键词：路面工程钢渣沥青混合料特征参数配合比设计路用性能环境效益

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Laboratory and Field Investigations of Polymer and Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen

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journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014年第10期8卷 1327-1334页

作者： jan B. Krol Piotr Radziszewski karol.j. Kowalski Michal Samowski Pawel Czajkowski Faculty of Civil Engineering Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw 00-637 Poland Development and Technology Office LOTOS Asfalt Sp. z o.o. Gdahsk 80-718 Poland

In this paper, properties of new kind of modified bitumen are presented. Bituminous binder was modified with mix modification using polymer and additive of crumb rubber. Terminal blend process at the refinery was applied to produce the mixed modified binder. Laboratory tests were focused on the characterization of the properties of 45/80-55 CR binder with comparison to reference 50/70 and conventional polymer modified 45/80-55 bitumen. Based on conventional binder tests such as penetration, softening point and Fraass breaking point as well as BBR （bending beam rheometer） and DSR （dynamic shear rheometer） tests, rheological properties were investigated. For determination of stability of the polymer and crumb rubber, modified bitumen tube testing method was used. Based on the results analysis, improvement of the viscoelastic properties of polymer and crumb rubber modified bitumen was observed. Conventional properties and stability tests showed that it is possible to pass standard requirements for polymer modified bitumen. Mixed modification and terminal blend allow to use crumb rubber as a modifier with elimination of the separation of crumb rubber during transportation and storage at high temperature. In this paper, experience from filed sections with use of the asphalt mixture with new kind of modified bitumen is presented.

关键词： Polymer modified bitumen crumb rubber terminal blend.

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Macrophages are the primary effector cells in IL-7-induced arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第7期17卷 728-740页

作者： Seung-jae Kim Huan j.Chang Michael VVolin Sadiq Umar Katrien Van Raemdonck Aimee Chevalier karol Palasiewicz john W.Christman Suncica Volkov Shiva Arami Mehrdad Maz Anjali Mehta Ryan K.Zomorrodi David A.Fox Nadera Sweiss Shiva Shahrara Division of Rheumatology Jesse Brown VAMedical CenterChicagoIL 60612USA Department of Medicine Division of RheumatologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60612USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Chicago College of Osteopathic MedicineMidwestern UniversityDowners GroveIL 60515USA Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterDavis Heart and Lung Research InstituteColumbusOH 43210USA Division of Allergy Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 481096USA

Synovial macrophages are crucial in the development of joint inflammation and bone damage;however, the pathways that controlmacrophage remodeling in inflammatory M1 cells or bone-eroding osteoclasts are not fully understood. We determined thatelevated IL-7R/CD127 expression is the hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) M1 macrophages and that these cells are highlyresponsive to interleukin-7 (IL-7)-driven osteoclastogenesis. We established that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-γ (IFNγ), andtumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), the classic M1 macrophage mediators, enhance IL-7R expression in RA and murine *** local expression of IL-7 provokes arthritis, predominantly through escalating the number of F480^(+)iNOS^(+) cells rather than CD3^(+)T cells. Ectopic LPS injection stabilizes IL-7-induced arthritis by increasing myeloid IL-7R expression, in part via IFNγ ***, in RAG−/− mice, IL-7-mediated arthritis is suppressed because of the reduction in myeloid IL-7R expression due to the lackof IFNγ. Moreover, the amelioration of IL-7-induced arthritis by anti-TNF therapy is due to a decrease in the number of cells in theunique F480^(+)iNOS^(+)IL-7R^(+)CCL5^(+) subset, with no impact on the F480^(+)Arginase^(+) cell or CD3^(+) T cell frequency. Consistent with thepreclinical findings, the findings of a phase 4 study performed with RA patients following 6 months of anti-TNF therapy revealedthat IL-7R expression was reduced without affecting the levels of IL-7. This study shifts the paradigm by discovering that IL-7-induced arthritis is dependent on F480^(+)iNOS^(+)IL-7R^(+)CCL5^(+) cell function, which activates TH-1 cells to amplify myeloid IL-7Rexpression and disease severity.

关键词： myeloid elevated inflammation

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Arabidopsis Synaptotagmin 2 Participates in Pollen Germination and Tube Growth and Is Delivered to Plasma Membrane via Conventional Secretion

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Molecular Plant 2015年第12期8卷 1737-1750页

作者： Hui Wang Shengcheng Han Wei Siao Chunqing Song Yun Xiang Xiaorong Wu Pengyu Cheng Hongjuan Li jAn jasik karol Micieta jAn Turna Boris Voigtt Frantisek Baluska jin Liu Yingdian Wang Heping Zhao Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development College of Life Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 153115 Bonn Germany School of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Comenius University Science Park Comenius University Bratislava Mlynska dolina 842 15 Bratislava 4 Slovakia Department of Botany Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Revova 39 811 02 Bratislava 1 SIovakia Department of Botany Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Revova 39 811 02 Bratislava 1 Slovakia Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 SK-84523 Bratislava Slovak Republic These authors contributed equally to this article. present address: Office of Teaching Affairs Handan University Handan 056005 China

Arabidopsis synaptotagmin 2 （SYT2） has been reported to participate in an unconventional secretory pathway in somatic cells. Our results showed that SYT2 was expressed mainly in the pollen ofArabidopsis thaliana. The pollen of syt2 T-DNA and RNA interference mutant lines exhibited reduced total germination and impeded pollen tube growth. Analysis of the expression of SYT2-GFP fusion protein in the pollen tube indicates that SYT2 was localized to distinct, patchy compartments but could co-localize with the Golgi markers, BODIPY TR C5 ceramide and GmManl-mCherry. However, SYT2-DsRed-E5 was localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis suspension cells, in addition to the Golgi apparatus. The localization of SYT2 at the plasma membrane was further supported by immunofluorescence staining in pollen tubes. Moreover, brefeldin A treatment inhibited the transport of SYT2 to the plasma membrane and caused SYT2 to aggregate and form enlarged compartments. Truncation of the SYT2-C2AB domains also resulted in retention of SYT2 in the Golgi apparatus. An in vitro phospholipid-binding assay showed that SYT2-C2AB domains bind to the phospholipid membrane in a calcium-dependent manner. Take together, our results indicated that SYT2 was required for pollen germination and pollen tube growth, and was involved in conventional exocytosis.

关键词： synaptotagmins pollen germination calcium-dependent phospholipid binding C2 domains conventional secretion

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