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Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in the Surface Water of North Alabama

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2021年第3期10卷 89-103页

作者： Paul Okweye karnita garner Department of Physics Chemistry and MathematicsAlabama A&M UniversityNormal 35811USA Urban Forestry Wildlife&Natural Resources Coordinator SoilWater&Environmental ScienceNormal 35762USA

Water quality in North Alabama is becoming a critical issue and in order to understand the quality of water in the Flint Creek and Flint Rivers,concentration levels of physicochemical parameters and trace heavy metals were measured in six strategically selected sites within the streams to obtain baseline data.A total of 192 surface water samples were collected and analyzed for total phosphorous and five heavy metals of *** and chemical parameters were determined for dissolved oxygen(DO),turbidity,pH,temperature,water conductivity and total *** concentration of the DO was above guidelines in three sites at both *** metals were statistically significant(P≤0.05)at 95%confidence interval by *** and lead exceeded their maximum permissible *** results for heavy metals in this study show location and seasonal *** was significantly higher heavy metal content during winter>spring>summer>*** values for the Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index for both watershed sites were mostly more than 1,indicating some levels of ***,surrounding rocks and other anthropogenic sources appeared to be causing the elevated chemical content of the rivers and may have resulted in significant adverse impacts on the study areas.

关键词： Physic-chemical parameters heavy metals surface water dissolved oxygen hazard quotient hazard index watershed.

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The Presence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Northern Alabama Aquatic Ecosystems

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2021年第3期10卷 77-89页

作者： Paul Okweye karnita garner Zari McCullers Mackenzie Hutchinson Nikita Sheeley Department of Physics Chemistry and MathematicsAlabama A&M UniversityNormalAlabama 35762USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M UniversityNormalAlabama 35762USA Department of Biological Sciences Towson UniversityTowsonMaryland 21252USA Department of Agricultural Sciences Fort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGeorgia 31030USA

Trace amounts of pharmaceuticals and other chemical compounds in drinking water are known to have adverse effects on human health,animal health,and the *** research study will show the presence of pharmaceuticals and other chemical compounds in Flint River(Madison County,AL)and Flint Creek(Morgan County,AL).Along the Flint River,samples were taken at three sites:Winchester Road,Brian Fork,and Hobbs ***,along Flint Creek,samples were taken at three sites:Vaughn Bridge,Mean Bridge and Red Bank *** each site,samples were taken at four locations:upland from the water,along the banks of the water,at the deposition sediment of the water,and within the surface water *** were collected and analyzed for the presence of and concentration of chemical compounds by Waypoint Analytical Laboratory using proprietary High-Pressure LC/MS/MS(Liquid Chromatography and Dual Mass Spectroscopy)*** 14 and 26 chemical compounds were identified at each site,adding up to a total of 548 chemical compounds between Flint River and Flint *** chemical compounds and their concentrations were recorded and then sorted into four categories:pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs),VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds),petroleum compounds,and CECs(Contaminants of Emerging Concern).Between both Flint River and Flint Creek,PPCPs were the largest category of contaminants,comprising of 46%of compounds *** study demonstrates that Flint River and Flint Creek are potentially hazardous to Madison County and Morgan County residents,as trace concentrations of pharmaceuticals in drinking water can cause several health issues.

关键词： PPCPs VOCs CECs Flint Creek and Flint River seasonal variations STP(Sewage Treatment Plant).

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Detection of Human Pharmaceuticals in the Surface Water of East Fork Stones River

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第3期12卷 240-259页

作者： Ravneet Kaur Anonya Akuley-Amenyenu karnita G. garner Sam O. Dennis Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Alabama Cooperative Extension System Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA

Pharmaceuticals have been detected nationwide in different environmental matrices including wastewater effluents and surface water. In recent studies, pharmaceuticals have also been found in aquatic plants, fish tissues and plasma of shark bulls. Pharmaceuticals that were detected as indicated in published literature, included steroids, prescription drugs such as antibiotics, anti-depressants, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones and over the counter (OTC) drugs. We conducted a monitoring study to detect the presence of pharmaceuticals in East fork of the Stones River located in Rutherford County in Middle Tennessee. East Fork Stones River is a six (6) order river that drains a large portion of Rutherford County including Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Grab water samples were collected from Stones River for three seasons: (summer and fall of 2014 and 2015 and winter of 2015 and 2016) each year. Water quality parameters were also determined in situ using Eureka Water ProbesTM multi-parameter sondes. Water samples were analyzed for the presence of pharmaceutical compounds using GC-MS. Chemical Abstract Service Registry Numbers (CASRN or CAS) for detected pharmaceuticals were identified. Pharmaceuticals detected included those used for treatment of chronic alcoholism (Disulfiram: CAS # 97-77-8), a compound (Thiazolidine: CAS # 504-78-9) in the drug Thiazolidinedione which is used for the treatment of type II diabetes, a compound associated with the prevention of anti-inflammatory conditions (Methyl palmitate: CAS # 112-39-0), and emollient in skincare (Undecane: CAS # 1120-21-4). While the quantitative concentrations of these drugs were not determined in this study, their qualitative presence in surface water is noteworthy.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals East Fork Stones River Surface Water Water Quality

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Factor-Cluster Analysis and Effect of Particle Size on Total Recoverable Metal Concentration in Sediments of the Lower Tennessee River Basin

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2016年第1期5卷 10-26页

作者： Paul S. Okweye karnita G. garner Anthony S. Overton Elica M. Moss College of Engineering Technology & Physical Sciences Department of Physics Chemistry and Mathematics Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA College of Agricultural Life and Natural Sciences Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA

Total recoverable concentration of five elements of concern: Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Arsenic and Lead (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Pb) were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. The results show that sediment texture plays a controlling role in the concentrations and their spatial distribution. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to analyze the grain sizes of the sediments. Result of texture analysis classified the samples into three main components in percentages: sand, silt, and clay. Significant differences among the element concentrations in the three groups were observed, and the concentrations of the elements in each group are reported in this study. Most of the elements have their highest concentrations in the fine-grained samples with clay playing an important role, in comparison with the sand component of the soil/sediment samples. There appears to be a strong correlation between samples with high silt, and clay content with the areas of elevated concentrations for Al, Fe, and Mn. There was a strong correlation between aluminum and lead with clay;lead with silt;and sand with manganese, aluminum, and lead. However, there was no strong relationship between the soil textures and iron or arsenic. All elements measured were statistically significant (at P ≤ 0.05) by watershed. The upland areas, and depositional areas’ spatial variation of element concentrations in the sediments were also observed, which was in line with the spatial distribution of the grain size and was thought to be related to the watersheds hydrological dynamics.

关键词： Total Recoverable Metals Principal Component Analysis Cluster Analysis Correlation Hydrological Dynamics

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