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Designing sodium alloys for dendrite‐free sodium‐metal batteries

Information ＆ Functional Materials 2024年第2期1卷 242-263页

作者： Kaitong Yao Shitan Xu Yang Yang Yun Zheng karma zuraqi Dan Yang Jue Liu Ulaganathan Mani Xianhong Rui Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Functional Soft Condensed Matter School of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices(Ministry of Education) Jianghan UniversityWuhanChina Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA Department of Physics Amrita School of Physical Sciences‐CoimbatoreAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndi

Sodium metal,with a high theoretical specific capacity(~1165 mA h g−1)and a low redox potential(−2.71 V ***)as well as low cost,becomes an attractive option for high‐energy‐density sodium secondary ***,the practical application of sodium metal anodes is hindered by dendrite growth,which results in low energy efficiency,poor lifetime and serious safety *** address this challenge,researchers propose various strategies,including the formation of sodium alloys(Na‐M alloys,M=Sn,Sb,Bi,In,etc.)through alloying *** alloying effect has a positive impact in terms of reducing the local current density,mitigating the volume expansion,and inhibiting the dendrite *** is thus an effective solution for constructing high‐performance sodium secondary *** review systematically de-scribes the mechanism of dendrite growth and the alloying process of Na‐M alloys,summarizes recent research progress and strategies for applying Na‐M alloys to create dendrite‐free sodium secondary batteries,as well as pre-sents prospects for the development of Na‐M alloys and offers clear sugges-tions for future *** review aims to inspire further efforts to build dendrite‐free,high‐performance sodium secondary batteries and broaden a new aspect for the next‐generation battery systems.

关键词： dendrite‐free anode sodium alloy sodium anode sodium‐metal battery

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Stand dynamics of old-growth hemlock forests in central Bhutan are shaped by natural disturbances

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 434-447页

作者： karma Tenzin Craig R.Nitschke Kathryn J.Allen Raphael Trouve Thiet V.Nguyen Patrick J.Baker School of Agriculture Foodand Ecosystem SciencesUniversity of Melbourne500 Yarra BlvdRichmondVictoriaAustralia School of Geography Planningand Spatial SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaSandy BayTasmaniaAustralia Forest Science Institute of South Vietnam 1 Pham Van Hai StreetTan Binh DistrictHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam

Understanding how past disturbances have influenced the development of forests is critical for deciphering their current structure and composition and forecasting future *** this study,dendrochronological methods were applied to uncover the disturbance history of old-growth hemlock-dominated forests in central *** of tree-ring samples from two old-growth hemlock stands,located in two different topographic settings,identified the importance of gap-phase dynamics in facilitating recruitment and growth releases and producing complex,multi-aged structure s over *** site showed evidence of a near stand-replacing disturbance in the late 1700s,while the other showed no evide nce of high-severity disturbance at any time over the last 400 *** both sites low-to medium-severity disturbances,some of which appear to be associated with cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal,dominated the disturbance *** hemlock stands exhibited a significant positive association between cyclone occurrence and growth release events and between recruitment pulses and growth release *** 1800 to 1970 there was an increase in recruitment of angiosperm tree species at most sites and a corresponding decline in conifer *** the past 50 years there has been little new recruitment;this may be due to light limitation in the understory from shade-tolerant angiosperms and bamboo in the lower strata of these *** variations in disturbance dynamics and recruitment were observed across the study sites,suggesting that other factors,such as topography and climate,may be influencing long-term stand development *** study highlights the complex interplay between historical disturbance regimes and tree recruitment in shaping the age and size structures of old-growth hemlock forests in central *** also provides new insights into the dynamics of these forests that can be used to support effective forest conservation and management i

关键词： Forest structure Hemlock forest Himalaya Natural disturbance

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Vulnerable window of yield strength for swelling-driven fracture of phase-transforming battery materials

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1162-1171页

作者： Ataollah Mesgarnejad Alain karma Center for Inter-disciplinary Research on Complex Systems Department of PhysicsNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical investigations of the mechanical behavior of high-capacity Si and Ge Li-ion battery anodes,our basic understanding of swelling-driven fracture in these materials remains *** theoretical studies have provided insights into elasto-plastic deformations caused by large volume change phase transformations,but have not modeled fracture explicitly beyond Griffith’s ***,we use a multi-physics phase-field approach to model self-consistently anisotropic phase transformation,elasto-plastic deformation,and crack initiation and propagation during lithiation of Si *** computational results reveal that fracture occurs within a“vulnerable window”inside the two-dimensional parameter space of yield strength and fracture energy and highlight the importance of taking into account the surface localization of plastic deformation to accurately predict the magnitude of tensile stresses at the onset of *** further demonstrate how the increased robustness of hollow nanopillars can be understood as a direct effect of anode geometry on the size of this vulnerable *** insights provide an improved theoretical basis for designing next-generation mechanically stable phasetransforming battery materials undergoing large volume changes.

关键词： fracture strength deformation

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Topology-enhanced mechanical stability of swelling nanoporous electrodes

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1161-1175页

作者： Benjamin E.Grossman-Ponemon Ataollah Mesgarnejad Alain karma Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems Department of PhysicsNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

Materials like silicon and germanium offer a 10-fold improvement in charge capacity over conventional graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries but experience a roughly threefold volume increase during lithiation,which challenges ensuring battery *** silicon,created by liquid-metal-dealloying,is a potentially attractive anode design to mitigate this challenge,exhibiting both higher capacity and extended cycle ***,how nanoporous structures accommodate the large volume change is ***,we address this question by using phase-field modeling to produce nanoporous particles and to investigate their elastoplastic swelling behavior and *** simulations show that enhanced mechanical stability results from the network topology consisting of ligaments connected by bulbous,sphere-like *** ligaments forcefully resist elongation while the nodes,behaving like isolated spherical particles,experience large stresses driving ***,being smaller compared to a sphere of the same volume as the entire nanoporous particle,the nodes are more protected against fracture.

关键词： swelling stability attractive

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ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE IMAGING WITH DMSO-MEDIATED OPTICAL CLEARING

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第3期3卷 153-158页

作者： SANJEEV karma JAMES HOMAN CHARLES STOIANOVICI BERNARD CHOI Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California IrvineCA 92697USA Department of Developmental and Cell Biology University of California IrvineCA 92697USA Department of Chemistry University of California IrvineCA 92612USA Beckman Laser Institute University of California IrvineCA 92612USA Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology University of California IrvineCA 92697USA

Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering *** from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as an agent with optical clearing *** address the use of optical clearing to enhance quantitation of subsurface fluorescence *** employed both in vitro and in vivo model systems to study the effect of topical DMSO application on fluorescence *** in vitro experiments performed on a tissue-simulating phantom suggest that DMSO-mediated optical clearing enables enhanced characterization of subsurface *** topical DMSO application,a marked increase in fluorescence emission was *** 30 min,the fluorescence signal at the DMSO-treated site was 9×greater than the contralateral saline-treated *** ratio increased to 13×at 105 min after agent *** summary,DMSO is an effective optical clearing agent for improved fluorescence emission quantitation and warrants further study in preclinical in vivo *** on outcomes from previous clinical studies on the toxicity profile of DMSO,we postulate that clinical application of DMSO as an optical clearing agent,can be performed safely,although further study is warranted.

关键词： Glycerol spectroscopy fluorescein toxicity

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STRIKING CONSISTENCY AND PREDICTABILITY IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第4期7卷 521-552页

作者： Stlvta karma Fiezzoni School of Law Dalian Maritime UniversityDalianChina

The fragmentation of international investment law into bilateral investment treaties （BITs） and other international investment agreements （IIAs） made it impossible as a system of law. In addition, the potential for inconsistent and conflicting decisions （especially against developing countries） in investment treaty arbitrations are abundant. The causes of this situation are two-fold and concern both substantive law and procedural law. Concerning the substance, the fragmentation of sources of international investment law plays a significant role in disaggregating coherence. Due to the large number of BITs, a state measure might be assessed differently under the two existing investment treaties, with each treaty specifying different standards of investment protection, even varying with the nationality of the investor affected. Inconsistent decisions can also result from the possibility of having multiple proceedings, in the same or different form, relating to an identical set of facts that can arise from independent claims. For developing countries, who face investment law disputes more frequently than developed countries, an ideal solution would be a global investment treaty or a plurilateral investment agreement under the Worm Trade Organization （WTO） and use its dispute settlement system to resolve investment disputes.

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IBIS-FM radar as a tool for monitoring hill slopes during excavations in hydropower projects:A case study from Bhutan Himalayas

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第2期3卷 211-217页

作者： K.R Praveen Jamyang Chophel Jigme Wangchuk karma Tshewang Naveen Chander Bansal Punatsangchhu-I Hydroelectric Project Wangdue PhodrangBhutan

Excavation is common in the construction of hydropower *** for both stable and unstable slopes is a pressing requirement during progressive excavations with or without cut-slope support *** present study is about an excavation carried out in a proposed concrete gravity dam site on the right bank slope of the Punatsangchhu River in western *** the excavation,the right bank abutment witnessed multiple events of slope failures of various *** major landslide occurred on 23 July 2013 in the toe of the right abutment,where foliation/multiple sheared/fractured zones/seams in quartz-feldspathic biotite gneiss dip towards the *** further excavations/piling works,a subsequent landslide on the downstream,within the body of the July 2013 landslide,occurred on 12 August *** a result,a real-time monitoring of the slope became necessary to facilitate further excavations for achieving the dam ***,the advanced slope monitoring instrument like Image By Interferometric Survey e Frequency Modulated(IBIS-FM)radar was deployed for monitoring the right bank slope during the excavation for the construction of~129 m high *** displacement of the hill slope is assessed based on this system by monitoring point locations as well as areas by assigning different threshold values for providing timely *** real-time monitoring was effective in identifying the reactivation of August 2016 landslide that occurred on 22 January ***,this study showcases the efficiency of IBIS-FM radar in monitoring slope instability with sub-millimeter accuracy on a near real-time basis.

关键词： IBIS-FM radar GB-InSAR Excavations Real-time monitoring Slope instability Landslide

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Long-range current-induced spin accumulation in chiral crystals

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2315-2321页

作者： Arunesh Roy Frank T.Cerasoli Anooja Jayaraj karma Tenzin Marco Buongiorno Nardelli Jagoda Sławińska Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Physics University of North TexasDentonTX76203USA Department of Physical Science Sherubtse CollegeRoyal University of Bhutan42007KanglungTrashigangBhutan The Santa Fe Institute Santa FeNM87501USA

Chiral materials,similarly to human hands,have distinguishable right-handed and left-handed enantiomers which may behave differently in response to external ***,we use for the first time an approach based on the density functional theory(DFT)+PAOFLOW calculations to quantitatively estimate the so-called collinear Rashba–Edelstein effect(REE)that generates spin accumulation parallel to charge current and can manifest as chirality-dependent charge-to-spin conversion in chiral ***,we reveal that the spin accumulation induced in the bulk by an electric current is intrinsically protected by the quasi-persistent spin helix arising from the crystal symmetries present in chiral systems with the Weyl spin–orbit *** contrast to conventional REE,spin transport can be preserved over large distances,in agreement with the recent observations for some chiral *** allows,for example,the generation of spin currents from spin accumulation,opening novel routes for the design of solid-state spintronics devices.

关键词： materials protected handed

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Differential Expression of Iron Deficiency Responsive Rice Genes under Low Phosphorus and Iron Toxicity Conditions and Association of OsIRO3 with Yield in Acidic Soils

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Rice science 2023年第1期30卷 58-69页

作者： Ernieca Lyngdoh NONGBRI Sudip DAS karma Landup BHUTIA Aleimo G.MOMIN Mayank RAI Wricha TYAGI School of Crop Improvement College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural SciencesCentral Agricultural University(Imphal)Umiam 793103India

With the hypothesis that iron(Fe) deficiency responsive genes may play a role in Fe toxicity conditions,we studied five such genes OsNAS1,OsNAS3,OsIRO2,OsIRO3 and OsYSL16 across six contrasting rice genotypes for expression under high Fe and low phosphorus(P) conditions,and sequence *** Sahbhagi Dhan,Chakhao Poirieton and Shasharang were high yielders with no bronzing symptom visible under Fe toxic field conditions,and BAM350 and BAM811 were low yielders but did not show bronzing *** screening revealed that the number of crown roots and root length can be traits for consideration for identifying Fe toxicity tolerance in rice *** contents in rice roots and shoots of a high-yielding genotype KMR3 showing leaf bronzing were significantly *** response to 24 h high Fe stress,the expression levels of OsNAS3 were up-regulated in all genotypes except *** response to 48 h high Fe stress,the expression levels of OsNAS1 were3-fold higher in tolerant Shasharang,whereas in KMR3,it was significantly *** in response to 7 d excess Fe stress,the transcript abundances of OsIRO2 and OsNAS3 were contrasting in genotypes Shasharang and *** suggested that the reported Fe deficiency genes had a role in Fe toxicity and that in genotype KMR3 under excess Fe stress,there was disruption of metal *** the 48 h low P conditions,OsIRO2 and OsYSL16 were significantly up-regulated in Fe tolerant genotype Shasharang and in low P tolerant genotype Chakhao Poirieton,*** silico sequence analysis across 3 024 rice genotypes revealed polymorphism for 4 *** across OsIRO3and OsNAS3 revealed nucleotide polymorphism between tolerant and susceptible genotypes for Fe ***-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletions(InDels) differing in tolerant and susceptible genotypes were identified.A marker targeting 25-bp InDel in OsIRO3,when run on a diverse panel of 43 rice geno

关键词： acidic soil low phosphorus iron toxicity OsNAS1 OsIRO3 rice yield

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STANDING AT THE ENTRANCE TO AN ancient castle

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China's Tibet 2012年第1期23卷 43-47页

作者： karma Tenzin

That is in Yumbulagang. Nyatri Tsenpo is sitting peacefully in the center of the grand hall of *** is as though in his mind’s eye he is seeing his surroundings in the period of the Tibetan *** is a small chamber that may be only 30 *** at maximum. On the surrounding wall a number of sutra steamers and Thangkas are *** of Tibetan Kings and Buddhas stand crowded together against the wall.

关键词：布达拉宫入口处城堡大礼堂西藏墙壁

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