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Diagnostic neuroradiology:Ready for the neurointerventional age?

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World Journal of Radiology 2012年第9期4卷 401-404页

作者： karl-olof lvblad Vitor Mendes Pereira Service Neuro-diagnostique et Neuro-interventionnel Geneva University Hospitals

Acute cerebral ischemia or stroke is currently considered an emergency for which therapeutic options are available if the therapeutic window of 4.5 h is *** modalities have progressed greatly over the last few decades,rendering ischemia detectable in the first hours after the ***,in order for treatment to be efficacious it is necessary to speed up all the processes before the start of ***,one must decrease the time to arrival at the hospital and to the radiological method that is to be employed(be it computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging);only then will the medical or interventional techniques available fulfill their potential.

关键词： Stroke Interventional neuroradiology Thrombolysis Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography

Interventional neuroradiology of stroke, still not dead

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World Journal of Radiology 2013年第12期5卷 450-454页

作者： Vitor Mendes Pereira karl-olof lvblad Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Geneva University Hospitals

Since the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke trial,intravenous thrombolysis has been gaining wide acceptance as the modality of treatment for acute embolic stroke,with a current therapeutic window of up to 4.5 *** imaging[with either magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed tomography(CT)]and interventional techniques(thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy)have since improved and provided us with additional imaging of the penumbra using CT or MRI and more advanced thrombolysis or thrombectomy strategies that have been embraced in many centers dealing with patients with acute cerebral *** techniques,however,have come under scrutiny due to their accrued healthcare costs and have been questioned following major recent *** studies basically showed that interventional techniques were not superior to the traditional intravenous thrombolysis techniques and that penumbra imaging could not determine what patients would benefit from more aggressive(i.e.,interventional)*** discuss this in the light of the latest developments in both diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology and point out why further studies are needed in order to define the right choices for patients with acute ***,these studies were in part conducted with suboptimal patient recruitment strategies and did not always use the latest interventional techniques available ***,while these studies may have raised some relevant questions,at the same time,definitive answers have not been given,in our opinion.

关键词： Stroke Interventional neuroradiology thrombolysis Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography

Iterative Subregion Correction Preconditioners with Adaptive Tolerance for Problems with Geometrically localized Stiffness

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 811-836页

作者： Michael Franco Per-olof Persson Will Pazner Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720-3840USA Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and Statistics Portland State UniversityPortlandOR 97201USA

We present a class of preconditioners for the linear systems resulting from a finite element or discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of advection-dominated *** preconditioners are designed to treat the case of geometrically localized stiffness,where the convergence rates of iterative methods are degraded in a localized subregion of the *** convergence may be caused by a number of factors,including the mesh size,anisotropy,highly variable coefficients,and more challenging *** approach taken in this work is to correct well-known preconditioners such as the block Jacobi and the block incomplete lU(IlU)with an adaptive inner subregion *** goal of these preconditioners is to reduce the number of costly global iterations by accelerating the convergence in the stiff region by iterating on the less expensive reduced *** tolerance for the inner iteration is adaptively chosen to minimize subregion-local work while guaranteeing global convergence *** present analysis showing that the convergence of these preconditioners,even when combined with an adaptively selected tolerance,is independent of discretization parameters(e.g.,the mesh size and diffusion coefficient)in the *** demonstrate significant performance improvements over black-box preconditioners when applied to several model convection-diffusion ***,we present performance results of several variations of iterative subregion correction preconditioners applied to the Reynolds number 2.25×10^(6)fluid flow over the NACA 0012 airfoil,as well as massively separated flow at 30°angle of attack.

关键词： Subregion correction Nested Krylov Geometrically localized stiffness

Single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 64-117页

作者： karl Adrian Gandionco Juwon Kim lieven Bekaert Annick Hubin Jongwoo lim Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering(SURF) Department of Materials and ChemistryVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel *** this technology,an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy-generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral *** the past few years,single-atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near-unity atom utilization and unique catalytic ***-atom catalysts have become one of the state-of-the-art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon ***,it remains a challenge for single-atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon *** this review,we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single-atom *** is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through singleatom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry-ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

关键词： electrocatalysis electrochemical CO_(2)reduction hydrocarbons oxygenates single-atom catalysts

Endogenous hormones matters in evaluation of endocrine disruptive effects mediated by nuclear receptors

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第3期3卷 257-259页

作者： Yanbin Zhao karl Fent State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China ETH Zürich Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution DynamicsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceCH-8092 ZürichSwitzerland

In recent decades,endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)have emerged as a prominent focus on environmental science and ***,extensive use of in vitro bioassays founded on ligand-receptor binding has facilitated the identification of a substantial number of potential EDCs,particularly agonists/antagonists of nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors[1].These datasets have significantly augmented the discovery of potential ***,when subjecting these compounds to in vivo exposures,spanning from teleost fish to rodents and humans,observations frequently deviated from in vitro anticipation[2,3].This discrepancy and the apparent lack of prognostic value are shared with the difficulties of in vitro-in vivo extrapolations in classical toxicological *** the utility of in vitro identification is without doubt,its potential EDCs require in vivo *** resulting complexity in EDCs outcomes,nevertheless,has not yet received adequate attention and thorough interpretation.

关键词： doubt confirmation identification

Enemies atpeace:Recentprogressin Agrobacterium-mediated cereal transformation

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 321-329页

作者： Shaoshuai liu Ke Wang Shuaifeng Geng Moammar Hossain Xingguo Ye Aili li long Mao karl-Heinz Kogel State Key laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Phytopathology Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich Buff-Ring 26-32D-35392GiessenGermany

Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century *** modifications were made in its application to increase efficiency,especially in the recalcitrant major cereals *** breakthroughs in transformation efficiency continue its role as a mainstream technique in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and gene *** modifications led to higher transformation frequency and lower but more stable transgene copies with the capability to revolutionize modern *** this review,we provide a brief overview of the history of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and focus on the most recent progress to improve the system in both the Agrobacterium and the host recipient.A promising future for transformation in biotechnology and agriculture is predicted.

关键词： Agrobacterium tumefaciens Cereal species Genome editing Genetic engineering Plant breeding

Making the case for the evolving role of social media in health professions education and a literature review on the application of some in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第2期9卷 1-11页

作者： Helena Prior Filipe Mila Kostic Mildred lopez karl Golnik West lisbon Hospitals Center Hospital Egas MonizLisbonPortugal Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research LisbonPortugal Continuing Education and Development in Health Professions RichboroPAUSA Coordinación de Educación en Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social(IMSS)Mexico CityMexico Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixAZUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Background and Objective:Social media(SoMe)has emerged as a tool in health professions education(HPE),particularly amidst the challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** the academia’s initial skepticism SoMe has been gaining traction in supporting learning communities,and offering opportunities for innovation in *** study aims to explore the integration of SoMe in *** key components were outlined as necessary for a successful integration,and include designing learning experiences,defining educator roles,selecting appropriate platforms,and establishing educational ***:This article stemmed from the online Teaching Skills Series module on SoMe in education from the Ophthalmology Foundation,and drew upon evidence supporting learning theories relevant to SoMe integration and models of ***,we conducted a literature review considering Englishlanguage articles on the application of SoMe in ophthalmology from PubMed over the past *** Content and Findings:Early adopters of SoMe platforms in HPE have leveraged these tools to enhance learning experiences through interaction,dialogue,content sharing,and active learning *** integrating SoMe into educational programs,both online and in-person,educators can overcome time and geographical constraints,fostering more diverse and inclusive learning *** consideration is,however,necessary to address potential limitations within ***:This article lays groundwork for expanding SoMe integration in HPE design,emphasizing the supportive scaffold of various learning theories,and the need of furthering robust research on examining its advantages over traditional educational *** literature review underscores an ongoing multifaceted,random application of SoMe platforms in ophthalmology *** advocate for an effective incorporation of SoMe in HPE education,with the need to comply with good educational practice.

关键词： Social media(SoMe) health professions education(HPE) active learning social learning technology enhanced learning

Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： long Yang Martin Rehwald Thomas Kluge Alejandro lasoGarcia Toma Toncian karl Zeil Ulrich Schramm Thomas E.Cowan lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser *** particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic *** targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression *** to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent ***,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

关键词： shock convergent return

Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第4期46卷 89-89页

作者： karl N Miller Aging Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA(cytoDNA)species are emerging as key mediators of inflammation in diverse physiological and pathological *** the role of endogenous cytoDNA in innate immune activation is well established,the cytoDNA species themselves are often poorly characterized and difficult to distinguish,and their mechanisms of formation,scope of function and contribution to disease are incompletely understood.

关键词： endogenous inflammation incomplete