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Motility patterns of ex vivo intestine segments depend on perfusion mode

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18216-18227页

作者： Dominik Schreiber Viktor Jost Michael Bischof Kristina Seebach Wim JEP Lammers Rees Douglas karl-herbert schafer Enteric Nervous System GroupUniversity of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern Zweibrücke 66482 Germany College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain 17666 United Arab Emirates Aqix Limited Imperial College Incubator London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom

AIM:To evaluate and characterize motility patterns from small intestinal gut segments depending on different perfusion media and ***:Experiments were carried out in a custom designed perfusion chamber system to validate and standardise the perfusion technique *** perfusion chamber was built with a transparent front wall allowing for optical motility recordings and a custom made fastener to hold the intestinal *** with different perfusion and storage media combined with different luminal pressures were carried out to evaluate the effects on rat small intestine *** tools which enable thevisualization and characterization of intestinal motility in response to different stimuli were used to evaluate the videotaped *** data collected was presented in so called heatmaps thus providing a concise overview of form and strength of contractility ***,the effect of different storage media on tissue quality was *** stainings were used to compare tissue quality depending on storage and perfusion ***:Intestinal motility is characterized by different repetitive motility patterns,depending on the actual situation of the *** motility patterns could be recorded and characterized depending on the perfusion pressure and media *** were able to describe at least three different repetitive patterns of intestinal motility in *** with an oral,anal and oro-anal propagation direction could be *** type of pattern finalized its movement with or without a subsequent distension of the *** patterns could clearly be distinguished in heatmap *** undirected motility could be *** quantity of the different patterns varies and is highly dependent on the perfusion medium *** preservation varies depending on the perfusion medium utilized,therefore media with a simple composition as Tyrode solution can only be recom

关键词： Small intestine Motility Organ perfusion Pharmacological testing Visualization

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Degradation of intestinal mRNA:A matter of treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期21卷 3499-3508页

作者： Sabine Heumüller-Klug Carsten Sticht Karin Kaiser Elvira Wink Cornelia Hagl Lucas Wessel karl-herbert schafer Department of Pediatric Surgery Mannheim Medical University of Heidelberg Medical Research Centre Mannheim Medical University of Heidelberg University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern

AIM: To characterize the influence of location, species and treatment upon RNA degradation in tissue samples from the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: The intestinal samples were stored in different medium for different times under varyingconditions: different species(human and rat), varying temperature(storage on crushed ice or room temperature), time point of dissection of the submucous-mucous layer from the smooth muscle(before or after storage), different rinsing methods(rinsing with Medium, PBS, RNALater or without rinsing at all) and different regions of the gut(proximal and distal small intestine, caecum, colon and rectum). The total RNA from different parts of the gut(rat: proximal and distal small intestine, caecum, colon and rectum, human: colon and rectum) and individual gut layers(muscle and submucosal/mucosal) was extracted. The quality of the RNA was assessed by micro capillary electrophoresis. The RNA quality was expressed by the RNA integrity number which is calculated from the relative height and area of the 18 S and 28 S RNA peaks. From rat distal small intestine q PCR was performed for neuronal and glial ***: RNA obtained from smooth muscle tissue is much longer stable than those from submucosal/mucosal tissue. At RT muscle RNA degrades after one day, on ice it is stable at least three days. Cleaning and separation of gut layers before storage and use of RNALater, maintains the stability of muscle RNA at RT for much longer periods. Different parts of the gut show varying degradation periods. RNA obtained from the submucosal/mucosal layer always showed a much worse amplification rate than RNA from muscle tissue. In general RNA harvested from rat tissue, either smooth muscle layer or submucosal/mucosal layer is much longer stable than RNA from human gut tissue, and RNA obtained from smooth muscle tissue shows an increased stability compared to RNA from submucosal/mucosal tissue. At RT muscle RNA degrades after one day, while the stabilit

关键词： Key words:Intestinal RNA Degradation Storing conditions Flushing Cooling

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NECAB family of neuronal calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： Diones Bueno Michael K.E.schafer Sudena Wang Michael J.Schmeisser Axel Methner Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NECAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NECAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NECAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NECAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NECAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NECAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NECAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NECAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NECAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NECAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the EF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interac

关键词： calcium EF hand mitochondria nervous system signal transduction

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Efficient scar-free knock-ins of several kilobases in plants by engineered CRISPR-Cas endonucleases

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 824-837页

作者： Tom Schreiber Anja Prange Petra schafer Thomas Iwen Ramona Grutzner Sylvestre Marillonnet Aurelie Lepage Marie Javelle Wyatt Paul Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Limagrain Centre de RechercheRoute d’EnnezatCS 9012663720 ChappesFrance

In plants and mammals,non-homologous end-joining is the dominant pathway to repair DNA doublestrand breaks,making it challenging to generate knock-in *** this study,we identified two groups of exonucleases from the herpes virus and the bacteriophage T7 families that conferred an up to 38-fold increase in homology-directed repair frequencies when fused to Cas9/Cas12a in a tobacco mosaic virus-based transient assay in Nicotiana *** achieved precise and scar-free insertion of several kilobases of DNA both in transient and stable transformation *** Arabidopsis thaliana,fusion of Cas9 to a herpes virus family exonuclease led to 10-fold higher frequencies of knock-ins in the first generation of *** addition,we demonstrated stable and heritable knock-ins in wheat in 1%of the primary *** together,our results open perspectives for the routine production of heritable knock-in and gene replacement events in plants.

关键词： homology-directed repair knockin gene replacement CRISPR-Cas 50 exonuclease plants

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Telecommunications : radio, television, and movies in the digital age / Lynne schafer Gross. 8th ed.

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2003年

作者： Lynne schafer Gross.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Dehydrated Natural Feed for Cats: Influence on Apparent Digestibility Coefficient, Feces Scores, and Serum Immune, Antioxidant, and Metabolic Biomarkers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 594-611页

作者： Bruno Giorgio de Oliveira Cécere Guilherme Luiz Deolindo Bianca F. Bissacotti Priscila Marquezin Copetti Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger Bruna Klein Matheus Delamea Baldissera Thiago Pereira Ribeiro Walter Hugo Cuelho Suarez Daniel Pigatto Monteiro Aleksandro schafer Da Silva Graduate Multicenter Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of the State of Santa Catarina Lages Brazil Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Chapec Brazil Department of Health Science Universidade Franciscana (UFN) Santa Maria Brazil Department of Animal Nutrition Tectron-Tecnologia e Inovao Toledo Brazil

The present study aimed to determine whether natural dehydrated feed (DNF) can replace dry extruded feed while preserving the required daily intake, nutrient digestibility and benefits for immunity and antioxidant response in cats. The animals were divided into two groups of seven animals each. One group received DNF, and the other consumed commercial extruded dry feed (DCF). The experiment lasted 45 days and we measured daily consumption and collected blood and feces samples. The animals in the DNF group showed greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter than DCF. Cats in the DNF group had a higher volume of feces. DNF cats had lower leukocyte and granulocyte counts and cholesterol levels. Serum enzymatic antioxidant responses and non-enzymatic were higher in DNF cats. Cats in the DNF group showed lower serum acute phase proteins in addition to a tendency toward a higher concentration of transferrin than in the DCF group. Fecal Escherichia coli and total coliform counts of cats fed DNF were higher than DCF. We conclude that the daily consumption of cats is adequate. This feed had greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter, in addition to an improvement in antioxidant and immunological responses.

关键词： Alternative Feed Antioxidant Companion Animals Health

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Analysis of pneumatic atomizer spray profiles

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Particuology 2016年第6期14卷 80-85页

作者： Walter schafer Simon Rosenkranz Felix Brinckmann Cameron Tropea AOM-Systems GmbH Flughafenstrasse 15 64347 Griesheim Germany LacTec GmbH Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6-8 63110 Rodgau Germany Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics Technische Universitat Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 10 64287 Darmstadt Germany Graduate School of Computational Engineering Technische Universitat Darmstadt Dolivostrasse 15 64287 Darmstadt Germany

Our objective is to analyze the atomization processes of a pneumatic atomizer by measuring the size and velocity distributions of droplets in a liquid paint spray. The droplet size and velocity distributions have been determined at different axial positions in the spray; a mathematical description of how these quan- tities vary throughout the spray is then proposed. Additionally, the relative number density of droplets and the relative local mass flux are estimated.

关键词： Pneumatic atomizer Spray Measurement Droplet size profile Droplet velocity profile Time-shift

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Thermal Reversion of Plant Phytochromes

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Molecular Plant 2020年第3期13卷 386-397页

作者： Cornelia Klose Ferenc Nagy Eberhard schafer Institute of Biology II University of Freiburg79104 FreiburgGermany Institute of Plant Biology Biological Research CentreTemesvari krt.626726 SzegedHungary

Phytochromes are red/far-red reversible photoreceptors essential for plant growth and *** signaling is mediated by the physiologically active far-red-absorbing Pfr form that can be inactivated to the red-absorbing Pr ground state by light-dependent photoconversion or by light-independent thermal reversion,also termed dark *** the term“dark reversion”is justified by historical reasons and frequently used in the literature,“thermal reversion”more appropriately describes the process of light-independent but temperature-regulated Pfr relaxation that not only occurs in darkness but also in light and is used throughout the *** reversion is a critical parameter for the light sensitivity of phytochrome-mediated responses and has been studied for decades,often resulting in contradictory *** reversion is an intrinsic property of the phytochrome molecules but can be modulated by intra-and intermolecular interactions,as well as biochemical modifications,such as *** this review,we outline the research history of phytochrome thermal reversion,highlighting important predictions that have been made before knowing the molecular *** further summarize and discuss recent findings about the molecular mechanisms regulating phytochrome thermal reversion and its functional roles in light and temperature sensing in plants.

关键词： phytochrome phyA phyB thermal reversion dark reversion in vivo spectroscopy

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Guest Editorial for Special Issue on Time Series Classification

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第6期6卷 1291-1292页

作者： Houshang Darabi Georgiana Ifrim Patrick schafer Diego Furtado Silva Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago(UIC) University of Bucharest Romania University of Berlin Sciences(ICMC) University of Sao Paulo

TIME series classification research and applications have recently received a lot of *** the rapid advancement of technological devices,time series data are being collected by a wide variety of devices,resulting in a wide range of research and *** fields of studies,ranging from healthcare to weather readings,require time series *** and action recognition using time series data from fitness trackers are commonly being ***,a new generation of algorithms and techniques are being used to classify time series data that are extensively available to the research *** example,recently deep learning techniques that utilize convolutions and recurrent neural networks are being used to classify epileptic seizures from EEG recordings made available at the University of California-Irvine data repository.

关键词： classify utilize recording

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Remediation of Trichloroethylene and Monochlorobenzene-Contaminated Aquifers Using the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO_3 System: Volatilization, Precipitation, and Porosity Losses

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Pedosphere 2007年第1期17卷 109-116页

作者： LIN Qi V. PLAGENTZ D. schafer A. DAHMKE Department ol Environmental Enginvering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China） Institute of Geoscience Kiel Univevsity Olshausenstmsse 40 D-24098 Kiel （Germany）

The objectives of this study were to illustrate the reaction processes, to identify and quantify the precipitates formed, and to estimate the porosity losses in order to eliminate drawbacks during remediating monochlorobenzene （MCB） and trichloroethylene （TCE）-contaminated aquifers using the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system. The system consisted of four columns （112 cm long and 10 cm in diameter） with oxygen-releasing compound （ORC）, granular activated carbon （GAC）, zero-valent iron （Fe^0）, and calcite used sequentially as the reactive media. The concentrations of MCB in the GAC column effluent and TCE in the Fe^0 column effluent were below the detection limit. However, the concentrations of MCB and TCE in the final calcite column exceeded the maximum contaminant level （MCL） under the Safe Drinking Water Act of the US Environmental Protection Agency （US EPA） that protects human health and environment. These results suggested that partitioning of MCB and TCE into the gas phase could occur, and also that transportation of volatile organic pollutants in the gas phase was important. Three main precipitates formed in the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system： CaCO3 in the ORC column along with Fe（OH）2 and FeCO3 in the Fe^0 column. The total porosity losses caused by mineral precipitation corresponded to about 0.24% porosity in the ORC column, and 1% in the Fe^0 column. The most important cause of porosity losses was anaerobic corrosion of iron. The porosity losses caused by gas because of the production and entrapment of oxygen in the ORC column and hydrogen in the Fe^0 column should not be ignored. Volatilization, precipitation and porosity losses were considered to be the main drawbacks of the ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system in remediating the MCB and TCE-contaminated aquifers. Thus, measurements such as using a suitable oxygen-releasing compound, weakening the increase in pH using a buffer material such as soil, stimulating biodegradation rates and minimizing the plugging caused by the relati

关键词： groundwater remediation monochlorobenzene ORC-GAC-Fe^0-CaCO3 system trichloroethylene

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