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China, the G20 and the International Investment Regime

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China & World Economy 2016年第4期24卷 73-92页

作者： karl P Sauvant Resident Senior Fellow Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment a joint center of Columbia Law School and the Earth Institute Columbia University USA

China has become a major home country for outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） flows. As a result, the country is increasingly concerned with protecting its OFDI and facilitating the operations of its firms investing abroad and creating a strong universal international investment law and policy regime. this article briefly reviews the emergence of China as an outward investor. It continues with an analysis of some policy issues related to the rise of FDIfrom emerging markets. A brief discussion of issues central to the future of the international investment law and policy regime follows, before focusing on several outcomes that could be pursued under China＇s G20 leadership： non- binding shared principles that could outline the architecture of a universal framework on international investment; an international support program for sustainable investment facilitation; and the creation of an additional intergovernmental platform that would allow for a continued systematic intergovernmental process to discuss the range of issues related to the governance of international investment, preferably paralleled by an informal, inclusive and result-oriented consensus-building process that takes place outside intergovernmental settings.

关键词： China foreign direct investment G20 international investment regime multinational enterprises

the discovery of holographic interferometry, its development and applications

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第2期3卷 171-179页

作者： karl A.Stetson karl Stetson Associates LLC 2060 South StreetCoventryCT 06238USA

this paper recounts the discovery of holographic interferometry,discusses its development,and itemizes some of its major applications.

关键词： Holography Interferometry Fringes

Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 497-517页

作者： thomas Hartinger Nina Gresner karl-Heinz Südekum Institute of Animal Science University of Bonn

Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. the main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the inadequate provision of N to ruminants, leading to an excess of ammonia in the rumen, which is subsequently excreted. Depending on the size and molecular structure, various bacterial, protozoal and fungal species are involved in the ruminal breakdown of nitrogenous compounds(NC). Decelerating ruminal NC degradation by controlling the abundance and activity of proteolytic and deaminating microorganisms, but without reducing cellulolytic processes, is a promising strategy to decrease N emissions along with increasing N utilization by ruminants. Different dietary options, including among others the treatment of feedstuffs with heat or the application of diverse feed additives, as well as vaccination against rumen microorganisms or their enzymes have been evaluated. thereby, reduced productions of microbial metabolites, e.g. ammonia, and increased microbial N flows give evidence for an improved N retention. However, linkage between these findings and alterations in the rumen microbiota composition, particularly NC-degrading microbes, remains sparse and contradictory findings confound the exact evaluation of these manipulating strategies, thus emphasizing the need for comprehensive research. the demand for increased sustainability in ruminant livestock production requests to apply attention to microbial N utilization efficiency and this will require a better understanding of underlying metabolic processes as well as composition and interactions of ruminal NC-degrading microorganisms.

关键词： Ammonia Bacteria Deamination Hyper-ammonia producing Nitrogen efficiency Protein Proteolysis Protozoa Ruminant

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Effect of the formation process of transient liquid phase (tLP) on the interface structure of tiAl joints

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Journal of University of Science and technology Beijing 2005年第5期12卷 431-435页

作者： Huiping Duan Jun Luo karl-Heinz Bohm Mustafa Kogak School of Materials Science and technology Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing 100083 China Institute for Materials Research GKSS Research Center Geesthacht 21502 Germany

tiAl has been joined employing the transient liquid phase （tLP） bonding with ti combined with Cu, Ni or Fe foils. Experimental results showed that though the interface structures of the joints are quite different, all the joined zones are composed of five sublayers, i.e. two diffusion zones, two interfacial zones and an interlayer. It has been convinced that the formation process of the transient liquid phase controls the diffusion behavior of melting point depressant （MPD） Cu, Ni, and Fe atoms, which leads to form different interface structures of the joints.

关键词： tiAl transient liquid phase (tLP) bonding interface

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Calcar-guided short-stem total hip arthroplasty: Will it be the future standard? Review and perspectives

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第8期12卷 534-547页

作者： karl Philipp Kutzner Department of Orthopaedic Surgery St Josefs Hospital WiesbadenGermanyWiesbaden 65189Germany Department of Hip Surgery Gelenkzentrum Rhein-MainWiesbaden 65183Germany Center of Orthopedics and traumatology Johannes Gutenberg-University of MainzMainz 55131Germany

Short stems in total hip arthroplasty(tHA)are becoming increasingly *** Germany,already 10.4%of all primary tHAs are performed using a cementless short *** concept of modern,calcar-guided,short stems aims for an individualized reconstruction of the hip anatomy by following the calcar of the femoral neck,a bone-and soft-tissue-sparing implantation technique,and physiological *** stem design uses either metaphyseal fixation alone or additional diaphyseal anchoring,depending on the stem alignment and *** individualized anchorage types increase the potential indications for the safe use of a short *** design features may account for potential advantages of current short stem implants compared with earlier shortstem designs,particularly in cases of reduced bone quality or osteonecrosis of the femoral head and femoral neck *** implantation technique,however,requires distinct knowledge regarding the characteristics of varus and valgus positioning,with the potential for clinical consequences.A learning curve for surgeons new to this technique must be taken into *** contact with the distal lateral cortex appears to be crucial to provide sufficient primary stability,and the use of intraoperative imaging to identify“undersizing”is highly *** results of several national registries indicate that calcarguided short stems are among the most successful implants in terms of mid-term ***,long-term data remain *** review introduces the characteristics of calcar-guided short-stem tHA and summarizes the current evidence.

关键词： total hip arthroplasty Short stem Calcar-guided Classification Indications Anchorage Optimys

Embryology of Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn. and its systematic relationship

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2007-2020页

作者： Lijuan Fan karl H.Hasenstein Ling Wang College of Landscape Architecture Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Department of Biology University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLA 70504USA

Iris sangumea Dorm ex Horn. is a perennial cold-tolerant herbs of the Iris genus of Iridaceae, which has a well-formed, bright color and adaptability. through understanding the fl ower bud differentiation, Sporogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis of I. sangumea, we developed fl owering regulation and control breeding. I. sangumea fl ower bud differentiation was observed in April for 21 days; in this stage, the early differentiation process was slow, temperature was more than 5 °C, if the temperature is shorter than this, most fl ower bud will have no differentiation, and turn to vegetative growth; later differentiation is faster and required temperature is from 5 to 8 °C and gradually rose to 10-12 °C. the temperature in April plays the defi nitely role in the number of bud differentiation. three stamina contain tetrasporangiate anthers and a glandular tapetum. the anther wall is composed of four cell layers inclduding the epidermis, the endothecium, one middle layer and the secretory tapetum. the type of anther wall development the dicotyledonous type. After pollen maturation, the anther wall forms a double-layer containing only epidermis and endothecium. Simultaneous cytokinesis is of the continuous type during meiosis of microspore mother cell results in a zygomorphous or tetragonal tetrad. Mature pollen grains are two-celled. I. sangumea ’s stylar canal is hollow, open type style, and the gynoecium has three carpels. the ovaries have axial placentas. the ovule is anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. the primary sporogenous cell differentiates directly as the megaspore. the megaspore tetrads are linear, t-shaped or juxtaposed. Generally, the fi rst of the tetrad megaspores at the chalaza becomes functional while the other three degenerate. A mature embryo sac with seven cells and eight nuclei embryo sac is of the polygonum type. For dichogamy, the male gametophyte matures about 2 days earlier than the female gametophyte. the pollen tube e

关键词： Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn Flower bud diff erentiation Embryology

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采用开放式1.0tMRI行MR引导下椎小关节注射疗法的预后研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2014年第1期 95-96页

作者： P.Freyhardt t.hartwig M.D.Bucourt M.Maurer D.Renz B.Gebauer 谷磊磊 Charité Universitátsmedizin Berlin Department of Radiology Augustenburger Platz 113353 Berlin Germany

目的评估使用1.0 t开放式MR设备行MR引导下椎小关节注射治疗的准确性、安全性及其疗效。方法采用质子加权毁损自旋回波序列,对45例下腰痛病人在MR透

关键词：开放式磁共振磁共振介入关节内注射治疗下腰痛临床预后

Numerical modelling of spatially and temporally distributed on‑fault induced seismicity:implication for seismic hazards

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International Journal of Coal Science & technology 2023年第1期10卷 108-123页

作者： Atsushi Sainoki Adam karl Schwartzkopf Lishuai Jiang Hani Mitri Faculty of Advanced Science and technology KumamotoUniversityKumamotoJapan School of Engineering The University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Preventionand Control Shandong University of Scienceand TechnologyShandongChina Department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGillUniversityMontrealCanada

Induced seismicity is strongly related to various engineering projects that cause anthropogenic in-situ stress change at a great ***,there is a need to estimate and mitigate the associated *** the past,various simulation methods have been developed and applied to induced seismicity analysis,but there is still a fundamental diference between simulation results and feld observations in terms of the spatial distribution of seismic events and its *** present study aims to develop a method to simulate spatially distributed on-fault seismicity whilst reproducing a complex stress state in the fault ***,an equivalent continuum model is constructed,based on a discrete fracture network within a fault damage zone,by employing the crack tensor theory.A fault core is simulated at the center of the model as a discontinuous *** the model,a heterogeneous stress state with stress anomalies in the fault zone is frst simulated by applying tractions on the model outer ***,the efective normal stress on the fault plane is decreased in a stepwise manner to induce *** simulation result is validated in terms of the b-value and other seismic source parameters,hence demonstrating that the model can reproduce spatially and temporally distributed on-fault *** analysis on the parameters shows the variation of frequency-magnitude distribution before the occurrence of large seismic *** variation is found to be consistent with feld observations,thus suggesting the potential use of this simulation method in evaluating the risk for seismic hazards in various engineering projects.

关键词： Induced seismicity Fracture network Fault damage zone Crack tensor theory

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Catalyzing n-doping

the Innovation 2022年第2期3卷 5-6页

作者： Guohua Xie karl Leo Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials(IAPP)and Institute for Applied Physics Technische Universitat Dresden01187 DresdenGermany

Electrical doping,i.e.,inducing p-or n-type conductivity by adding a dopant,is of fundamental importance for device physics of semiconductors and is used in about every commercially produced *** organic semiconductors,the conductivity is intrinsically low(typically 10^(-4)-10^(-8) S/cm)due to the mostly amorphous nature,the weak coupling between molecules,and the low number of free charge carriers in the presence of large energy gaps.

关键词： dopant doping conductivity