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Spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock in an olive orchard at catchment scale in Southern Spain

International Soil and Water Conservation research 2023年第2期11卷 311-326页

作者： Jose A.Gòmez Gema Guzmán Tom Vanwalleghem karl Vanderlinden Institute for Sustainable Agriculture.Spanish National research Council(IAS-CSIC) Alameda del Obispo S/N14004CordobaSpain Department of Agronomy University of CordobaCampus de Rabanales14071CordobaSpain Centro IFAPA Alameda del Obispo 14004CordobaSpain

Orchards have a high potential for carbon ***,little research is available on the spatial variability at catchment scale and on the difference between the tree area and the *** analyzed theik spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock,SOCstock at 90 cm depth in an 8-ha catchment in Southern Spain with olives on a vertic *** showed higher soil organic carbon concentration,SOC,in the tree area as compared to the lane up to 60 cm depth,but its impact on SOCstock was negligible since it was compensated by the higher soil bulk density in the *** at different depths was correlated with that in the top 0-5 *** overall SOCstock of the orchard was 4.14 kg m^(-2),ranging between 1.8 and 6.0 kg m^(-2).This SOCstock is in the mid-lower range of values reported for olive orchards,measured at smaller scale,and similar to those other intensive field crops and agroforestry under comparable rainfall *** spatial variability in SOCstock was correlated to several geomorphological variables:elevation,cumulative upstream area,topographic wetness index,sediment transport index,and tillage *** in SOC and SOCstock are driven by the sediment redis-tribution downslope,mainly by tillage erosion,and higher soil water availability in lower areas allowing higher biomass *** topographic indexes and the correlation between SOC in the topsoil and SOCstock up to 90 cm should be further explored in other typology of olive orchards for facilitating the mapping of SOC_(stock).

关键词： Carbon sequestration Mediterraneancrops Catchment Spatial variability Vertic soils

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Identification, synthesis and characterization of process related desfluoro impurity of ezetimibe and HPLC method validations

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第6期5卷 356-370页

作者： Esen Bellur Atici Bekir karl??a Deva Holding A.?.?erkezk?y-2 Production Plant

Ezetimibe, which selectively inhibits cholesterol absorption across the intestinal wall and is used as an antihyperlipidemic agent, is synthesized for commercial use as a drug substance in highly pure form. During the synthetic process development studies of ezetimibe, an impurity was detected in the final product at levels ranging from 0.05% to 0.15% in reverse phase gradient high performance liquid chro- matography （HPLC） method and its molecular weight was determined by LC-MS analysis. The impurity was identified as （3r,4S）-3-（（S）-3-（4-fluorophenyl）-3-hydroxypropyl）-4-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-1-phenyla- zetidin-2-one which is called desfluoro ezetimibe （lactam-related） impurity, synthesized and char- acterized, the mechanism of its formation was discussed in detail, After all standardization procedures, it was used as a reference standard during validation of HPLC method and routine analyses. In addition, content of Eze-I desfluoro impurity in Eze-1 intermediates was specified as 0.10% to keep the formation of desfluoro ezetimibe impurity under control and the related substances HPLC method was validated accordingly.

关键词： EzetimibeDesfluoro ezetimibeSynthesisCharacterizationNMrHPLC

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Exact Efficient Handling of Interrupted Illumination in Helical Cone-Beam Computed Tomography with Arbitrary Pitch

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第1期15卷 36-43页

作者： Harald Schndube karl Stierstorfer Frédéric Noo Department of radiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132-2140USA Siemens Healthcare 91301 ForchheimGermany

We present a theoretically-exact and stable computed tomography （CT） reconstruction algorithm that is capable of handling interrupted illumination and therefore of using all measured data at arbitrary pitch This algorithm is based on a differentiated backprojection （DBP） on M-lines. First, we discuss the problem of interrupted illumination and how it affects the DBP. Then we show that it is possible to take advantage of some properties of the DBP to compensate for the effects of interrupted illumination in a mathematically exact way. From there, we have developed an efficient algorithm which we have successfully implemented. We show encouraging preliminary results using both computer-simulated data and real data. Our results show that our method is capable of achieving a substantial reduction of image noise when decreasing the helix pitch compared with the maximum pitch case. We conclude that the proposed algorithm defines for the first time a theoretically-exact and stable reconstruction method that is capable of beneficially using all measured data at arbitrary pitch.

关键词： computed tomography (CT) theoretically-exact and stable image reconstruction differentiated backprojection M-lines redundant data

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Solvation Structure and Dynamics of Mg(TFSI)_(2) Aqueous Electrolyte

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第1期5卷 295-304页

作者： Zhou Yu Taylor r.Juran Xinyi Liu Kee Sung Han Hui Wang karl T.Mueller Lin Ma Kang Xu Tao Li Larry A.Curtiss Lei Cheng Materials Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemont IL 60439USA Joint Center for Energy Storage research(JCESr) Lemont IL 60439USA Department of Physics Binghamton UniversityState University of New York4400 Vestal Parkway EastBinghamton NY 13902USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalb IL 60115USA Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland WA 99352USA Energy&Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland WA 99352USA Energy Storage Branch Energy and Biotechnology DivisionSensor and Electronics DirectorateU.S.Army Research LaboratoryAdelphi MD 20783USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 USA X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA

Using ab initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)simulations,classical molecular dynamics(CMD)simulations,small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),and pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance(PFG-NMr),the solvation structure and ion dynamics of magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(Mg(TFSI)_(2))aqueous electrolyte at 1,2,and 3 m concentrations are *** AIMD and CMD simulations,the first solvation shell of an Mg;ion is found to be composed of six water molecules in an octahedral configuration and the solvation shell is rather *** TFSI^(-)ions prefer to stay in the second solvation shell and ***,the comparable diffusion coefficients of positive and negative ions in Mg(TFSI)_(2)aqueous electrolytes have been observed,which is mainly due to the formation of the stable[Mg(H_(2)O_(6))_(2)]^(+)complex,and,as a result,the increased effective Mg ion ***,the calculated correlated transference numbers are lower than the uncorrelated ones even at the low concentration of 2 and 3 m,suggesting the enhanced correlations between ions in the multivalent *** work provides a molecular-level understanding of how the solvation structure and multivalency of the ion affect the dynamics and transport properties of the multivalent electrolyte,providing insight for rational designs of electrolytes for improved ion transport properties.

关键词： Mg(TFSI)_(2)aqueous electrolyte molecular dynamics simulation pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance small-angle X-ray scattering ion dynamics

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Anxiety and depression in adult patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第22期16卷 2780-2787页

作者： Winfried Huser karl-Heinz Janke Bodo Klump Michael Gregor Andreas Hinz Department of Internal Medicine I Klinikum Saarbrücken Winterberg 1 D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie Technische Universitt München Baden-Württemberg State Health Office District Government Stuttgart Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Cancer St. Anna Hospital Obere Waiblinger Starβe 101 D-70374 Stuttgart Germany and Department of Internal Medicine 1 Universittskliniken Tübingen Department of Internal Medicine 1 Universittskliniken Tübingen Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology Universitt Leipzig

AIM: To compare anxiety and depression levels in adult patients with celiac disease (CD) on a gluten-free diet (GFD) with ***: The levels of anxiety, depression and of a probable anxiety or depressive disorder were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in 441 adult patients with CD recruited by the German Celiac Society, in 235 age-and sex-matched patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission or with slight disease activity, and in 441 adult persons of a representative German general population sample (GP). Potential demographic (age, sex, social class, family status) and disease-related (latency to diagnosis, duration of GFD, compliance with GFD, thyroid disease) predictors of anxiety and depression in CD were tested for by regression analyses. rESULTS: The level of anxiety in CD patients was predicted (r 2 = 0.07) by female gender (P = 0.01). Female sex (Or = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3-9.4, P = 0.01) was associated with a probable anxiety disorder. Living alone (Or = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, P = 0.05) was associated with a reduced risk of an anxiety disorder. The level of depression and a probable depressive disorder were not predicted by any of the demographic and medical variables tested for. The levels of anxiety in patients with CD (6.6 ± 3.4) and with IBD (6.9 ± 3.7) were higher than those of persons in the GP (4.6 ± 3.3) (both P ression in persons with CD (4.2 ± 3.4), IBD (4.6 ± 3.4) and of the GP (4.2 ± 3.8) did not differ (P = 0.3). The prevalence of a probable anxiety disorder in persons with CD (16.8%) and IBD (14.0%) was higher than that of the GP (5.7%) (P revalence of a probable depressive disorder did not differ significantly between the three groups (P = 0.1). CONCLUSION: Anxiety in adult German female celiacs on a GFD is higher than in persons of the GP. Female celiacs on a GFD should be screened for anxiety.

关键词： Celiac disease Anxiety Depression Gender

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A Setup for a Scenario-Driven Water Balance at Landscape Scale—Assessment with AKWA-M~-Embedded in a Model Framework for Land-Use Planning’s Decision Support in Mountainous Southwest China

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 974-978页

作者： Andreas Wahren Karin Berkhoff Albrecht Münch Sylvia Herrmann karl-Heinz Feger Insitute of Soil Science and Site Ecology Technische Universitt Dresden Dr. Dittrich & Partner Hydro-Consult GmbH Institute of Environmental Planning Leibniz University Hannover

Land-cover changes cause a loss of natural vegetation in many parts of the world. In the Xishuangbanna （西双版纳） district （Yunnan （云南） Province）, rubber plantations replace tropical rainforests covering already an area of about 10% of the study area （2007）. There, land-use allocation is mostly driven by economic considerations. Thus, local planning authorities need decision support for land-use planning issues, which integrate socio-economic and ecological aspects. Within the NabanFrame, an agro-economic, ecological and social model was applied, which, altogether, interacted with a land allocation model via defined interfaces. Effects on the water cycle, ecological conditions as well as socio-economic should be considered by integrating the spatially distributed rainfali-runoff and water balance model AKWA-M in the model setup.

关键词： land-use water balance model rubber integrated land-use planning land-use prognosis.

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Anodic dissolution of metals in ionic liquids

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第6期25卷 595-602页

作者： Andrew P.Abbott Gero Frisch Jennifer Hartley Wrya O.Karim karl S.ryder Chemistry Department University of Leicester TU Bergakademie Freiberg Institut fu?r Anorganische Chemie

The anodic dissolution of metals is an important topic for battery design,material finishing and metal *** liquids are being used in all of these areas but the research on the anodic dissolution is relatively few in these *** study investigates the behaviour of 9 metals in an ionic liquid [C;mim][Cl] and a deep eutectic solvent,Ethaline,which is a 1:2 mol ratio mixture of choline chloride and ethylene *** is shown that for the majority of metals studied a quasi-passivation of the metal surface occurs,primarily due to the formation of insoluble films on the electrode *** behaviour of most metals is different in [C;mim][Cl] to that in Ethaline due in part to the differences in *** formation of passivating salt films can be decreased with stirring or by increasing the electrolyte temperature,thereby increasing ligand transport to the electrode surface.

关键词： Ionic liquid Deep eutectic solvent Speciation Electropolishing Passivation

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Separate basolateral and apical phosphatidylcholine secretion routes in intestinally differentiated tumor cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5821-5826页

作者： Daniel Gotthardt Annika Braun Anke Tietje karl Heinz Weiss robert Ehehalt Wolfgang r Stremmel Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Heidelberg

AIM:To investigate whether the secretion of phospha-tidylcholine(PC)in intestinal mucus occurs by apical secretion or via basolateral excretion and to determine its subsequent passage across the tight junctions to the apical ***:We addressed this question using the po-larized intestinally differentiated tumor cell line CaCo-2 grown on filters to confluence in Transwell culture *** released PC and sphingomyelin(Sph)from apical and basolateral media were analyzed by mass ***:The secreted PC species were identical in both compartments indicating the same intracellular origin of ***,PC secretion into the basolateral compart-ment was more effective,and the PC:Sph ratio in the ba-solateral compartment was signif icantly higher than that in the apical compartment(8.18 ± 1.84 vs 4.31 ± 1.22,P = 0.01).Both pathways were temperature sensitive and were unaltered in the presence of ***:The data demonstrate the PC secre-tion capacity of CaCo-2 cells and indicate two sepa-rated apical and basolateral release mechanisms.

关键词： CaCo-2 cells Epithelial cells Mass spectrometry Phosphatidylcholine Secretion Sphingomyelin

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Novel Design Solutions for Fishing reel Mechanisms

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第4期28卷 726-736页

作者： LOVASZ Erwin-Christian MODLEr karl-Heinz NEUMANN rudolf GrUESCU Corina Mihaela PErJU Dan CIUPE Valentin MANIU Inocentiu Department of Mechatronics University Politehnica Timisoara Institut für Festkrpermechanik Technische Universitt Dresden

Currently, there are various reels on the market regarding the type of mechanism, which achieves the winding and unwinding of the line. The designers have the purpose of obtaining a linear transmission function, by means of a simple and small-sized mechanism. However, the present solutions are not satisfactory because of large deviations from linearity of the transmission function and complexity of mechanical schema. A novel solution for the reel spool mechanism is proposed. Its kinematic schema and synthesis method are described. The kinematic schema of the chosen mechanism is based on a noncircular gear in series with a scotch-yoke mechanism. The yoke is driven by a stud fixed on the driving noncircular gear. The drawbacks of other models regarding the effects occurring at the ends of the spool are eliminated through achieving an appropriate transmission function of the spool. The linear function approximation with curved end-arches appropriately computed to ensure mathematical continuity is very good. The experimental results on the mechanism model validate the theoretical approach. The developed mechanism solution is recorded under a reel spool mechanism patent.

关键词： reel mechanism noncircular gears analysis synthesis transmission function

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Unexpected formation of hydrides in heavy rare earth containing magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2016年第3期4卷 173-180页

作者： Yuanding Huang Lei Yang Sihang You Weimin Gan karl Ulrich Kainer Norbert Hort Institute of Materials research Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtZentrum für Material-und KüstenforschungMax-Planck-Str.121502 GeesthachtGermany Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Education Ministry of ChinaSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Mg–rE(Dy,Gd,Y)alloys show promising for being developed as biodegradable medical *** is found that the hydride rEH_(2) could be formed on the surface of samples during their preparations with water *** amount of formed hydrides in Mg–rE alloys is affected by the content of rE and heat *** increases with the increment of rE *** the surface of the alloy with T4 treatment the amount of formed hydride rEH_(2) is *** contrast,the amount of rEH2 is lower on the surfaces of as-cast and T6-treated *** formation mechanism is attributed to the surface reaction of Mg–rE alloys with *** part of rE in solid solution in Mg matrix plays an important role in influencing the formation of hydrides.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Microstructure Hydride Heat treatment rare earths

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