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Towards maximized utilization of iridium for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction

Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2275-2280页

作者： Marc Ledendecker Simon Geiger Katharina Hengge j.ohyun Lim Serhiy Cherevko Andrea M. Mingers Daniel Gohl Guilherme V. Fortunato Daniel j.lalpoor Ferdi Schuth Christina Scheu karl j. j. mayrhofer Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Nanoanalytics and Interfaces Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DusseldorfGermany Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut fur KohlenforschungKaiser- Wilhelm-Platz 145470 Mulheim an der RuhrGermany Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nurnbergfar Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jillich91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich-Alexander- Universitat Erlangen -Nurnberg91058 ErlangenGermany Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAv. Senador Filin to Muller1555Campo GrandeMS 79074-460Brazil

The reduction in noble metal content for efficient oxygen evolution catalysis is a crucial aspect towards the large scale commercialisation of polymer electrolyte membrane *** catalytic stability and activity are inversely related,long service lifetime still demands large amounts of low-abundant and expensive *** this manuscript we elaborate on the concept of maximizing the utilisation of iridium for the oxygen evolution *** combining different tin oxide based support materials with liquid atomic layer deposition of iridium oxide,new possibilities are opened up to grow thin layers of iridium oxide with tuneable noble metal ***-situ,time-and potential-resolved dissolution experiments reveal how the stability of the substrate and the catalyst layer thickness directly affect the activity and stability of deposited iridium *** on our results,we elaborate on strategies how to obtain stable and active catalysts with maximized iridium utilisation for the oxygen evolution reaction and demonstrate how the activity and durability can be tailored *** results highlight the potential of utilizing thin noble metal films with earth abundant *** for future catalytic applications in the energy sector.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction liquid atomic layer depositi on catalysis iridium core-shell nano particles

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Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 148-159页

作者： Mark j. Kupersmith karl Kieburtz Department of Neurology Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA SafeTherapeutics LLC New York NY USA Clintrex Research Corporation Sarasota FL USA

Importance/Obj.ctive: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent inj.ry. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this maj.r healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subj.ct heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast maj.rity of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

关键词： Adverse Drug Reaction Medication Side Effect Identification Medication Complication Medication Safety

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Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： Long Yang Martin Rehwald Thomas Kluge Alej.ndro LasoGarcia Toma Toncian karl Zeil Ulrich Schramm Thomas E.Cowan Lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser *** particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic *** targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression *** to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent ***,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond j.level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kj.laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

关键词： shock convergent return

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Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim j.nnifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M. Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao karl K.Weitz Vanessa L. Paurus Kent j. Bloodsworth Kelsey A. Allen Lisa M. Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A. Clark Grant Tietj. j.stin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-j.hnson Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Western States Division Computational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Los Angeles County Fire Department Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Respiratory Health Division Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University

Background: Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations, such as firefighting, law enforcement, military, and sports. A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***: To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions, we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma, urine, and saliva) collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min, intense exercise regimen. Omics profiles post-vs. pre-exercise were compared by Student's t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***: Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins, 730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of samples. The blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy demands. The urine analysis showed a strong, concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites, reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid balance. In saliva, we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides. A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***: This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility, suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding j.bs.

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Precision of Radiation Chemistry Networks: Playing j.nga with Kinetic Models for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

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Precision Chemistry 2023年第10期1卷 592-601页

作者： Birk Fritsch Paolo Malgaretti j.ns Harting karl j.j.mayrhofer Andreas Hutzler Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy(IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Physics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg91058 ErlangenGermany

Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy(LP-TEM)is a powerful tool to gain unique insights into dynamics at the *** electron probe,however,can induce significant beam effects that often alter observed phenomena such as radiolysis of the aqueous *** magnitude of beam-induced radiolysis can be assessed by means of radiation chemistry simulations potentially enabling quantitative application of ***,the computational cost of these simulations scales with the amount of reactants *** minimize the computational cost,while maintaining accurate predictions,we optimize the parameter space for the solution chemistry of aqueous systems in general and for diluted HAuCl4 solutions in *** results indicate that sparsened kinetic models can accurately describe steady-state formation during LP-TEM and provide a handy prerequisite for efficient multidimensional *** emphasize that the demonstrated workflow can be easily generalized to any kinetic model involving multiple reaction pathways.

关键词： Electron beam effects gold radiolysis kinetic modeling simulation efficiency liquid cell transmission electron microscopy

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The 2/3 scaling of twig nitrogen to phosphorus in woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 521-528页

作者： Zhiqiang Wang karl j.iklas Zeqing Ma Dechun j.ang j.anming Deng Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

Background:Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are important elements for plant metabolism and ***fore,the quantification of the scaling relationship of N to P in plant organs can help us understand many fundamental ecological *** general scaling relationships between N and P in leaves and in fine roots have been *** compared to leaves and fine roots,however,little information is available on the N versus P scaling relationship in the stems of woody plants,especially for *** this study,a comprehensive dataset comprising 2,038 N=P paired observations for a total of 536 woody species was compiled and analyzed to determine whether a general scaling relationship ***:The global mean values of twig N and P concentrations and N:P ratios were 9.33 mg⋅g^(-1),1.12 mg⋅g^(-1) and 10.16,*** N and P concentrations and N:P ratios differed significantly within and across functional groups and *** all of the species,a uniform 0.67 scaling exponent of twig N to P was observed across different functional groups and biomes,i.e.,a 2/3-power scaling relationship was ***,this numerical value differed across different sites,albeit converging onto 0.67 with increasing sample *** total phosphorus was the largest contributor to the variation in the numerical value of the scaling ***:These results provide useful parameters for stoichiometric growth models,and advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant nutrient *** study has potential implications in predicting responses of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystem responses to changes in the environment.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus Scaling exponents Twigs Woody plants

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Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 8-26页

作者： j.nathan A.Polonsky Sangeeta Bhatia Keith Fraser Arran Hamlet j.netta Skarp Isaac j.Stopard Stéphane Hugonnet Laurent Kaiser Christian Lengeler karl Blanchet Paul Spiegel World Health Organization GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Global Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK Abdul Latif j.meel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Imperial College LondonLondonUK Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Center for Humanitarian Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA

Background:Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease *** being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements,who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare,guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into *** therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal ***:We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility,acceptability,and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal *** performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised *** analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories:date of publication;geographical region of intervention;typology of crisis,shelter,modes of transmission,NPI,research design;study design;and study ***:Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed *** research used low quality study *** acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context *** general,simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water,sanitation and hygiene services,and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets,were both highly feasible and ***,financial,and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of *** engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of ***,measures that involve po

关键词： Disease outbreaks Communicable disease control Prevention & control Vulnerable populations Warfare and armed conflicts Disasters Relief work Poverty areas

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Evolution of sedimentary environments of the middle j.angsu coast, South Yellow Sea since late MIS 3

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j.urnal of Geographical Sciences 2013年第5期23卷 883-914页

作者： XIA Fei ZHANG Yongzhan WANG Qiang YIN Yong karl W. WEGMANN j. Paul LIU Department of Coastal Ocean Science School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China The Key Laboratory of Coastal and Island Development Ministry of Education Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Tianj.n Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources China Geological Survey Bureau Tianjin 300170 China

An evolutionary model of sedimentary environments since late Marine Isotope Stage 3 （late MIS 3, i.e., ca. 39 cal ka BP） along the middle j.angsu coast is presented based upon a reinterpretation of core 07SR01, new correlations between adj.cent published cores, and shallow seismic profiles recovered in the Xiyang tidal channel and adj.cent northern sea areas. Geomorphology, sedimentology, radiocarbon dating and seismic and sequence stratigraphy are combined to confirm that environmental changes since late MIS 3 in the study area were controlled primarily by sea-level fluctuations, sediment discharge of paleo-rivers into the South Yellow Sea （SYS）, and minor tectonic subsidence, all of which impacted the progression of regional geomorphic and sedimentary environments （Le., coastal barrier island freshwater lacustrine swamp, river floodplain, coastal marsh, tidal sand ridge, and tidal channel）. This resulted in the formation of a fifth-order sequence stratigraphy, comprised of the parasequence of the late stage of the last interstadial （Para-Sq2）, including the highstand and forced regressive wedge system tracts （HST and FRWST）, and the parasequence of the postglacial period （Para-Sql）, including the transgressive and highstand system tracts （TST and HST）. The tidal sand ridges likely began to develop during the postglacial transgression as sea-level rise covered the middle j.angsu coast at ca. 9.0 cal ka BP. These initially submerged tidal sand ridges were constantly migrating until the southward migration of the Yellow River mouth to the northern j.angsu coast during AD 1128 to 1855. The paleo-Xiyang tidal channel that was determined by the paleo-tidal current field and significantly different from the modern one, was in existence during the Holocene transgressive maxima and lasted until AD 1128. Following the capture of the Huaihe River in AD 1128 by the Yellow River, the paleo-Xiyang tidal channel was infilled with a large amount of river-derived sediments from AD

关键词： Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) South Yellow Sea middle j.angsu coast tidal sand ridge tidal channel sedimentary environment radiocarbon dating seismic stratigraphy sequence stratigraphy

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An elliptical blade is not a true ellipse,but a superellipse–Evidence from two Michelia species

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j.urnal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1341-1348页

作者： Yuping Li karl j.iklas j.han Gielis Ülo Niinemets j.lian Schrader Rong Wang Peij.an Shi College of Horticulture Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing 210038People’s Republic of China Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Biosciences Engineering University of AntwerpB-2020 AntwerpBelgium Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences51006 TartuEstonia Estonian Academy of Sciences 10130 TallinnEstonia Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Biodiversity Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of Göttingen37077 GöttingenGermany

The shape of leaf laminae exhibits considerable diversity and complexity that reflects adaptations to environmental factors such as ambient light and precipitation as well as phyletic *** leaves appear to be elliptical which may represent a‘default’developmental ***,whether their geometry truly conforms to the ellipse equation(EE),i.e.,(x/a)^(2)+(y/b)^(2)=1,remains *** alternative is described by the superellipse equation(SE),a generalized version of EE,i.e.,|x/a|^(n)+|y/b|^(n)=*** test the efficacy of EE versus SE to describe leaf geometry,the leaf shapes of two Michelia species(i.e.,*** ***,and ***),were investigated using 60 leaves from each *** shows that the maj.rity of leaves(118 out of 120)had adj.sted root-mean-square errors of<0.05 for the nonlinear fitting of SE to leaf geometry,i.e.,the mean absolute deviation from the polar point to leaf marginal points was smaller than 5%of the radius of a hypothesized circle with its area equaling leaf *** estimates of n for the two species were<2,indicating that all sampled leaves conformed to SE and not to *** study confirms the existence of SE in leaves,linking this to its potential functional advantages,particularly the possible influence of leaf shape on hydraulic conductance.

关键词： Bilateral symmetry Leaf ellipticalness index Leaf laminae Leaf roundness index Magnoliaceae

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Investigation of human organoid retina with digital holographic transmission matrix measurements

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第2期3卷 33-47页

作者： Nektarios Koukourakis Felix Wagner Stefan Rothe Mike O.karl j.rgen W.Czarske Laboratory for Measurement and Sensorsystem Technique TU DresdenDresdenGermany Competence Center for Biomedical Laser Systems(BIOLAS) TU DresdenDresdenGermany Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden(CRTD) TU DresdenDresdenGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)Dresden DresdenGermany Faculty of Physics TU DresdenDresdenGermany Excellence Cluster Physics of Life(PoL) TU DresdenDresdenGermany

Advanced manufacturing of retinal organoid samples from human induced pluripotent stem cells represents a promising way to study the development of retinal *** retina is an epithelium composed of different cell layers with unique optical properties and detects light by photoreceptor neurons for visual *** are still many challenges in detecting early and distinct cellular changes in retinal *** this paper,we study the capability of the optical transmission matrix,which fully describes the transition of a light field propagating through a scattering *** its rich information content,the transmission matrix is commonly j.st used for light delivery through scattering *** holography is employed to measure the complex light-field information of the transmitted *** demonstrate that singular value decomposition of the transmission matrix allows to discriminate phantom tissues with varying scattering *** apply these findings to retinal organoid *** of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chloro-phenylhydrazone(CCCP),a known inducer of retinal damage in animals,caused cell death and structural changes in human retinal organoids,which resulted in distinct changes in the transmission *** data indicate that the analysis of the transmission matrix can distinguish pathologic changes of the retina towards the development of imaging-based biomarkers.

关键词： Transmission matrix Digital holography Retina Organoids Neurodegeneration Cell death

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