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Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 8-26页

作者： Jonathan A.Polonsky Sangeeta Bhatia Keith Fraser Arran Hamlet Janetta Skarp Isaac J.Stopard Stéphane Hugonnet Laurent Kaiser christian Lengeler karl Blanchet Paul Spiegel World Health Organization GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Global Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologyImperial College LondonLondonUK Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics Imperial College LondonLondonUK Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Center for Humanitarian Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA

Background:Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease *** being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements,who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare,guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into *** therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal ***:We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility,acceptability,and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal *** performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised *** analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories:date of publication;geographical region of intervention;typology of crisis,shelter,modes of transmission,NPI,research design;study design;and study ***:Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed *** research used low quality study *** acceptability,feasibility,and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context *** general,simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water,sanitation and hygiene services,and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets,were both highly feasible and ***,financial,and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of *** engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of ***,measures that involve po

关键词： Disease outbreaks Communicable disease control Prevention & control Vulnerable populations Warfare and armed conflicts Disasters Relief work Poverty areas

Novel Design Solutions for Fishing Reel Mechanisms

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第4期28卷 726-736页

作者： LOVASZ Erwin-christian MODLER karl-Heinz NEUMAnn Rudolf GRUESCU Corina Mihaela PERJU Dan CIUPE Valentin MANIU Inocentiu Department of Mechatronics University Politehnica Timisoara Institut für Festkrpermechanik Technische Universitt Dresden

Currently, there are various reels on the market regarding the type of mechanism, which achieves the winding and unwinding of the line. The designers have the purpose of obtaining a linear transmission function, by means of a simple and small-sized mechanism. However, the present solutions are not satisfactory because of large deviations from linearity of the transmission function and complexity of mechanical schema. A novel solution for the reel spool mechanism is proposed. Its kinematic schema and synthesis method are described. The kinematic schema of the chosen mechanism is based on a noncircular gear in series with a scotch-yoke mechanism. The yoke is driven by a stud fixed on the driving noncircular gear. The drawbacks of other models regarding the effects occurring at the ends of the spool are eliminated through achieving an appropriate transmission function of the spool. The linear function approximation with curved end-arches appropriately computed to ensure mathematical continuity is very good. The experimental results on the mechanism model validate the theoretical approach. The developed mechanism solution is recorded under a reel spool mechanism patent.

关键词： reel mechanism noncircular gears analysis synthesis transmission function

Education in wound care:Curricula for doctors and nurses,and experiences from the German wound healing society ICW

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第4期31卷 177-180页

作者： karl-christian Münter Academic Practice Affiliated to University of Hamburg 22177 Hamburg Germany

The German wound healing society ICW(Initiative Chronische Wunden) started a training program for nurses in *** by TüV Rheinland,the courses are regularly audited and the quality is *** than 30,000 nurses attended these courses in *** three Chinese hospitals the ICW courses have been adopted.A close collaboration between Chinese and German experts in wound healing let to their further development and *** article reviews the need for education in the treatment of chronic wounds for medical personnel—nurses and *** and perspectives are discussed.

关键词： Chronic wounds Wound healing Treatment

Successful combination of direct antiviral agents in livertransplanted patients with recurrent hepatitis C virus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第12期24卷 1353-1360页

作者： christian Rupp Theresa Hippchen Manuel Neuberger Peter Sauer Jan Pfeiffenberger Wolfgang Stremmel Daniel Nils Gotthardt Arianeb Mehrabi karl-Heinz Weiss Department of Internal Medicine IV University Hospital of Heidelberg Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit University Hospital of Heidelberg Department of General Visceral and Trans- plantation Surgery University Hospital of Heidelberg

AIM To analyze the safety and efficiency of direct-actingantiviral(DAA) regimens in liver-transplanted patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) *** Between January 2014 and December 2016, 39 patients with HCV reinfection after liver transplantation were treated at our tertiary referral center with sofosbuvir(SOF)-based regimens, including various combinations with interferon(IFN), daclatasvir(DAC), simeprivir(SIM) and/or ledipasvir(LDV). Thirteen patients were treated with SOF + IFN ± RBV. Ten patients were treated with SOF + DAC ± RBV. Fiveteen patients were treated with fixed-dose combination of SOF + LDV ± RBV. One patient was treated with SOF + SIM + RBV. Three patients with relapse were retreated with SOF + LDV + RBV. The treatment duration was 12-24 wk in all cases. The decision about the HCV treatment was made by specialists at our transplant center, according to current available or recommended *** The majority of patients were IFN-experienced(29/39, 74.4%) and had a history of hepatocellular carcinoma(26/39, 66.7%) before liver transplantation. Sustained virological response at 12 wk(SVR12) was achieved in 10/13(76.9%) of patients treated with SOF + IFN ± RBV. All patients with relapse were treated with fixed-dose combination of SOF + LDV + RBV. Patients treated with SOF + DAC + RBV or SOF + LDV + RBV achieved 100% SVR12. SVR rates after combination treatment with inhibitors of the HCV nonstructural protein(NS)5 A and NS5 B for 24 wk were significantly higher, as compared to all other therapy regimens(P = 0.007). Liver function was stable or even improved in the majority of patients during treatment. All antiviral therapies were safe and well-tolerated, without need of discontinuation of treatment or dose adjustment of immunosuppression. No serious adverse events or any harm to the liver graft became overt. No patient experienced acute cellular rejection during the study period. CONCLUSION Our cohort of liver-transplanted patient

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Recurrence Direct acting antivirals Liver transplantation Sustained virological response

ADAM10 sheddase activation is controlled by cell membrane asymmetry

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第11期11卷 979-993页

作者： Florian Bleibaum Anselm Sommer Martin Veit Bjorn Rabe Jorg Andra karl Kunzelmann christian Nehls Wilmar Correa Thomas Gutsmann Joachim Grotzinger Sucharit Bhakdi Karina Reiss Department of Dermatology University of Kiel24105 KielGermany Institute of Biochemistry University of KielOlshausenstraBe 4024098 KielGermany Hamburg University of Applied Science Ulmenliet 2021033 HamburgGermany Physiological Institute University of RegensburgUniversitatsstraBe 3193053 RegensburgGermany Forschungszentrum Borstel Leibniz-Zentrum fur Medizin und BiowissenschaftenParkallee 1023845 BorstelGermany

Dysregulation of the disintegrin-metalloproteinase ADAM10 may contribute to the development of diseases including tumorigenesis and Alzheimer's *** mechanisms underlying ADAM10 sheddase activation are incompletely ***,we show that transient exposure of the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine(PS)is necessarily *** soluble PS headgroup was found to act as competitive inhibitor of substrate *** of the Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblase Anoctamin-6(AN06)led to increased PS externalization and substrate *** with a constitutively active form of AN06 resulted in maximum sheddase activity in the absence of any ***-dependent ADAM10 activation could not be induced in lymphocytes of patients with Scott syndrome harbouring a missense mutation in AN06.A putative PS-binding motif was identified in the conserved stalk *** of this motif resulted in strong reduction of sheddase *** conjunction with the recently described 3D structure of the ADAM10 extracellular domain,a model is advanced to explain how surface-exposed PS triggers ADAM 10 sheddase function.

关键词： ADAM10 activation shedding Anoctamin-6 phosphatidylserine cell membrane asymmetry

Association between Taenia solium infection and HIV/AIDS in northern Tanzania: a matched cross sectional-study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 1022-1036页

作者： Veronika Schmidt christian Kositz karl-Heinz Herbinger Hélène Carabin Bernard Ngowi Ezra Naman Patricia P.Wilkins John Noh William Matuja Andrea Sylvia Winkler Department of Neurology University HospitalKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University Munich(TUM)Ismaninger Str.2281675 MunichGermany Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine(DITM) Medical Center of the University of MunichMunichGermany Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUSA Muhimbili Medical Research Centre National Institute for Medical Research(NIMR)Dar es SalaamTanzania HIV Care and Treatment Centre Haydom Lutheran HospitalHaydomTanzania Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria Center for Global HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)AtlantaUSA Department of Neurology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied SciencesDar es SalaamTanzania Centre of Global Health University of OsloOsloNorway

Background:The frequency of Taenia solium,a zoonotic helminth,is increasing in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa,where the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is also ***,little is known about how these two infections *** aim of this study was to compare the proportion of HIV positive(+)and negative(−)individuals who are infected with Taenia solium(TSOL)and who present with clinical and neurological manifestations of cysticercosis(CC).Methods:In northern Tanzania,170 HIV+individuals and 170 HIV–controls matched for gender,age and village of origin were *** staging and serological tests for TSOL antibodies(Ab)and antigen(Ag)were ***(NCC)was determined by computed tomography(CT)using standard diagnostic *** manifestations were confirmed by a standard neurological *** addition,demographic,clinical and neuroimaging data were ***,CD4^(+)cell counts as well as information on highly active antiretroviral treatment(HAART)were ***:No significant differences between HIV+and HIV–individuals regarding the sero-prevalence of taeniosis-Ab(0.6%vs 1.2%),CC-Ab(2.4%vs 2.4%)and CC-Ag(0.6%vs 0.0%)were detected.A total of six NCC cases(3 HIV+and 3 HIV–)were detected in the group of matched *** individuals(1 HIV+and 1 HIV–)presented with headaches as the main symptom for NCC,and four with asymptomatic *** the HIV+group,TSOL was not associated with CD4+cell counts,HAART duration or HIV ***:This study found lower prevalence of taeniosis,CC and NCC than had been reported in the region to *** low level of infection may have resulted in an inability to find cross-sectional associations between HIV status and TSOL infection or *** sample sizes will be required in future studies conducted in that area to conclude if HIV influences the way NCC manifests itself.

关键词： Taenia solium Taeniosis Cysticercosis Neurocysticercosis HIV AIDS Co-infection Helminth Tapeworm Prevalence

Translation and Time： A Memento of the Curvature of the Poststructuralist Plane

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第3期6卷 426-468页

作者： christian Uhl Department for South and East Asian Languages and Cultures Ghent University Ghent 9000 Belgium

Ever since Derrida＇s appropriation of Walter Benjamin＇s ＂The Task of the Translator,＂ and the deconstruction of the traditional notion of translation as an unequivocal communication of meaning, ＂translation＂ has become a powerful conceptual means in many fields of the humanities to underscore the agency of the subalterns in the context of colonialism, imperialism, or globalization, and to emphasize historical contingency over against necessity. As a matter of consequence, however, the question of the historically specific condition of the possibility of such ＂translation＂ has been largely neglected. In this essay I will argue, that a profound understanding of the processes of social and cultural transformation, which have been conceptualized in terms of ＂translation,＂ can not be achieved unless global capitalism and its specific temporal dynamics are taken into consideration more seriously. Finally, this approach will also enable us to re-read Benjamin, and to reassess the significance of his ＂Task＂ for a more powerful critique of a social formation, ＂which produces commodities.＂

关键词： translation culture capital time deconstruction karl Marx Moishe Postone Walter Benjamin

Can active late-type stars contribute to the Galactic lithium abundance?

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第7期20卷 127-133页

作者： Darnell E.Kelly Damian J.christian Mihalis Mathioudakis Darko Jevremovi′c Department of Physics and Astronomy California State UniversityNorthridgeCA 91330-8268USA Astrophysics Research Centre School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Astronomical Observatory Volgina 711060 BelgradeSerbia

Lithium abundances in our Galaxy and especially 6 Li abundances provide important constraints on our understanding of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis(BBNS),stellar evolution and the creation of light elements by cosmic rays in the ISM.~6 Li has been detected in energetic solar events,one chromospherically active binary and several dwarf halo *** our work on active late-type stars with high lithium abundances,we expand our study to consider if the flare origin of lithium created by spallation can contribute significantly to the Galactic abundance of *** previously derived ~6 Li/~7 Li=0.030 ± 0.010 for active K dwarf GJ 117 using VLT UVES *** find^6 Li/~7 Li ratios of 0.02 and 0.10 for two other stars in our sample,GJ 182 and EUVE J1145-55.3 A,*** that these later type,active stars have significant flare rates and stellar winds,we have estimated the contribution of these stars to the Galactic lithium *** that K and M stars comprise over 84% of our Galaxy and that many of these can have significant stellar winds,we conclude that spallation in stellar flares can contribute 1% and up to 5% of the Galactic lithium abundance.

关键词： stars:abundances stars:activity Galaxy:abundances

A demonstration project of Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases:Prediction of interactions between air pollution and allergen exposure—the Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK-Impact of air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis approach

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第13期133卷 1561-1567页

作者： Mikhail Sofiev Yuliia Palamarchuk Annabelle Bedard Xavier Basagana Josep M.Anto Rostislav Kouznetsov Rodrigo Delgado Urzua karl christian bergm.nn Joao A.Fonseca Govert De Vries Michiel Van Erd Isabella Annesi-Maesano Daniel Laune Jean Louis Pepin Ingrid Jullian-Desayes Stephane Zeng Wienczyslawa Czarlewski Jean Bousquet Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Helsinki 00560Finland Barcelona Institute for Global Health Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology(CREAL)Barcelona 08003Spain Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica(CIBER)Epidemiologia y Salud Publica(CIBERESP) Barcelona 08003Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra(UPF) Barcelona 08003Spain Institut Hospital del Mar d'lnvestigacions Mediques(IMIM) Barcelona 08003Spain Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universitat BerlinHumboldt-Uniersitat zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy-CentreDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyBerlin 10117Germany Center for Health Technology and Services Research(CINTESIS) Center for Research in Health Technology and Information SystemsFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Portoand MedidaLda Porto s/n 4200-450Portugal Peercode BV Geldermalsen 4191 NWThe Netherlands Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public HealthINSERM and Sorbonne UniversiteMedical School Saint AntoineParis 75571France KYomed Innovation Montpellier 34184France Universite Grenoble Alpes Laboratoire HP2GrenobleINSERMU1042 and CHU de GrenobleGrenoble 38000France Bull DSAS Echirolles 38130France Medical Consulting Czarlewski Levalloisand MASK-airMontpellier 92300France University Hospital Montpellier Montpellier 34000France Contre les Maladies Chroniques pour un Vieillissement Actif en Languedoc Roussillon-France MontpellierFrance Charite Universitatsmedizin BerlinHumboldt-Universitat zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy CenterDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyBerlin 10117Germany

This review analyzes the state and recent progress in the field of information support for pollen allergy *** decades,information available for the patients and allergologists consisted of pollen counts,which are vital but *** technology paves the way to substantial increase in amount and diversity of the *** paper reviews old and newly suggested methods to predict pollen and air pollutant concentrations in the air and proposes an allergy risk concept,which combines the pollen and pollution information and transforms it into a qualitative risk *** new index is available in an app(Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK-air)that was developed in the frame of the European Union grant Impact of Air POLLution on sleep,Asthma and Rhinitis(a project of European Institute of Innovation and Technology-Health).On-going transformation of the pollen allergy information support is based on new technological solutions for pollen and air quality monitoring and *** new information-technology and artificial-intelligence-based solutions help to convert this information into easy-to-use services for both medical practitioners and allergy sufferers.

关键词： Pollen allergy Pollen season Google trends Pollen dispersion modeling System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition model Pollen index Air quality index