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Assessing stress conditions and impact velocities in fluidized bed opposed jet mills

Particuology 2020年第6期18卷 12-22页

作者： Alexander Strobel Benedikt Koninger Stefan Romeis Florian Schott karl-Ernst Wirth Wolfgang Peukert Institute of Particle Technology(LFG) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NiirnbergCauerstrae 491058 ErlangenGermany

Fluidized bed opposed jet mills are capable of meeting the continuously growing dema nd for contamination-free fine *** this type of jet mill,the solid material is entrained and accelerated by expanding gas jets that are focused onto a focal point in side a fluidized *** resulting particle collisions induce *** process is affected by the relative particle velocities and the number of particle-particle ***,both quantities are ***,to date,neither relative particle velocities nor collision frequencies in such units have been *** present work introduces an innovative method to assess the stressing conditions in jet mills *** this end,mixtures of glass and ductile metal microspheres were used,with the latter employed in small ***-particle collisions between the aluminum and glass spheres lead to the formation of dents on the *** size and number of these dents are associated with the individual collision velocities and overall collision *** correlation between dent size and collision velocity was obtained from finite element calculations based on empirical *** proposed approach was validated using particle image velocimetry during secondary gas injection into a fluidized bed *** this case the effect of the distance between two opposed nozzles was *** a lab-scaled fluidized bed opposed jet mill the effects of gas pressure and hold-up were *** particle velocities were found to be sign ificantly lower tha n the gas velocities,while the nu mber of contacts per particle was determined to be extremely high.

关键词： Fluidized bed opposed jet mill Single particle probes Finite element modeling Stress number distribution Relative velocity distribution

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Hodgkin's lymphoma coexisting with liver failure secondary to acute on chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第1期1卷 37-40页

作者： Renee Palta Amy McClune karl Esrason Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Department of Transplant Hepatology Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Los Angeles CA 90027 United States Division of Hepatology University of California Los Angeles CA 94607 United States

Acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF) is rarely the initial manifestation of a malignant process or precipitated by the initiation of anti-viral treatment with a nucleoside or nucleotide agent. We report an unusual case of ACLF temporally associated with initiation of Entecavir for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Early Hodgkin's lymphoma(HL) was unmasked with initiation of the antiviral treatment which may have exacerbated ACLF. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been described in the literature. In reviewing our patients clinical course and liver autopsy, he developed a severe acute exacerbation of his chronic hepatitis B virus coinciding with the institution of antiviral therapy and the underlying HL perhaps modulating the overall degree of hepatic injury.

关键词： Entecavir Hepatic flare Fulminant hepatic failure Chronic hepatitis Acute liver failure Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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Identification, synthesis and characterization of process related desfluoro impurity of ezetimibe and HPLC method validations

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第6期5卷 356-370页

作者： Esen Bellur Atici Bekir karl??a Deva Holding A.?.?erkezk?y-2 Production Plant

Ezetimibe, which selectively inhibits cholesterol absorption across the intestinal wall and is used as an antihyperlipidemic agent, is synthesized for commercial use as a drug substance in highly pure form. During the synthetic process development studies of ezetimibe, an impurity was detected in the final product at levels ranging from 0.05% to 0.15% in reverse phase gradient high performance liquid chro- matography （HPLC） method and its molecular weight was determined by LC-MS analysis. The impurity was identified as （3R,4S）-3-（（S）-3-（4-fluorophenyl）-3-hydroxypropyl）-4-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-1-phenyla- zetidin-2-one which is called desfluoro ezetimibe （lactam-related） impurity, synthesized and char- acterized, the mechanism of its formation was discussed in detail, After all standardization procedures, it was used as a reference standard during validation of HPLC method and routine analyses. In addition, content of Eze-I desfluoro impurity in Eze-1 intermediates was specified as 0.10% to keep the formation of desfluoro ezetimibe impurity under control and the related substances HPLC method was validated accordingly.

关键词： EzetimibeDesfluoro ezetimibeSynthesisCharacterizationNMRHPLC

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纳米复合Li_2SO_4质子传导膜H_2S中温燃料电池(英文)

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华南理工大学学报（自然科学版） 2007年第10期35卷 117-123页

作者：钟理 Chuang karl 华南理工大学化工与能源学院广东广州510640 阿伯塔大学化工与材料工程系

开发了一种制备纳米复合Li_2SO_4质子传导电解质和膜电极组装(MEA)的工艺.与传统的丝网涂布工艺不同,新的制备工艺是将阳极、阴极催化剂与纳米复合电解质同时一次压制成MEA.这就使得MEA的设计具有某些结构上的特点,由于膜厚减少和电极... 详细信息

开发了一种制备纳米复合Li_2SO_4质子传导电解质和膜电极组装(MEA)的工艺.与传统的丝网涂布工艺不同,新的制备工艺是将阳极、阴极催化剂与纳米复合电解质同时一次压制成MEA.这就使得MEA的设计具有某些结构上的特点,由于膜厚减少和电极与电解质之间的接触良好,可以降低电解质与电极之间的欧姆电阻,提高其机械和导电性能,增加膜的质子传导性以及改善电池的性能.用电子扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学阻抗分析技术对电解质薄膜进行了表征,结果表明,纳米复合材料改善了MEA的总体性能.由于膜的致密性和不透气性,不会发生气体穿透过膜的现象.MEA在H_2S环境中很稳定.电池结构为H_2S,(MoS_2/NiS +Ag+电解质量+淀粉) /Li_2SO_4+Al_2O_3/(NiO+Ag+电解质量+淀粉),空气、MEA厚为0.8mm、电解质组成为65% Li_2SO_4+35% Al_2O_3的单电池在680℃时产生最大功率密度为130mW/cm^2,相应的电流密度为200mW/cm^2.

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池膜电极组装(MEA) 硫化氢质子传导膜

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Surgery for Sleep Disordered Breathing 2

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2010年

作者： karl Hörmann Thomas Verse

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Identification, synthesis and characterization of process related impurities of benidipine hydrochloride, stress-testing/stability studies and HPLC/UPLC method validations

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第4期5卷 256-268页

作者： Esen Bellur Atici Bekir karl??a Deva Holding A.?.?erkezk?y-2 Production Plant Karaa?a? Mh.Fatih Blv.No: 26 Adres No: 227803 5833 Kapakl? Tekirda? Turkey

Benidipine hydrochloride, used as an antihypertensive agent and long-acting calcium antagonist, is synthesized for commercial use as a drug substance in highly pure form. During the synthetic process development studies of benidipine, process related impurities were detected. These impurities were identified, synthesized and characterized and mechanisms of their formation were discussed in detail. After all standardization procedures, they were used as reference standards for analytical studies. In addition, a separate HPLC method was developed and validated for detection of residual 1-benzylpi- peridin-3-ol （Ben-2）, which is used during benidipine synthesis and controlled as a potential process related impurity. As complementary of this work, stress-testing studies of benidipine were carried out under specified conditions and a stability-indicating UPLC assay method was developed, validated and used during stability studies of benidipine.

关键词： Benidipine Impurities Synthesis Characterization Validation Stability

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H_2S固体氧化物燃料电池复合质子传导膜的制备及性能

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高校化学工程学报 2007年第4期21卷 654-659页

作者：钟理 Chuang karl 华南理工大学化工与能源学院广东广州510640 阿伯塔大学化学工程与材料工程系

采用传统工艺制备了微米级与采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米级Li2SO4＋Al2O3、Li2SO4＋Na2SO4＋Al2O3和Li2SO4＋Li2WO4＋Al2O3三种不同的H2S固体氧化物燃料电池质子传导膜,并用扫描电镜（SEM）对膜进行了表征,纳米膜的结构较致密和紧凑,性... 详细信息

采用传统工艺制备了微米级与采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米级Li2SO4＋Al2O3、Li2SO4＋Na2SO4＋Al2O3和Li2SO4＋Li2WO4＋Al2O3三种不同的H2S固体氧化物燃料电池质子传导膜,并用扫描电镜（SEM）对膜进行了表征,纳米膜的结构较致密和紧凑,性能较好。温度提高,电解膜的离子传导率开始增加,达到最大值后基本保持不变。实验结果表明,Li2SO4＋Na2SO4＋Al2O3和Li2SO4＋Li2WO4＋Al2O3复合膜比Li2SO4＋Al2O3膜具有更好的传导性和电化学性能。复合Li2SO4＋Li2WO4＋Al2O3电解膜电池操作温度高于700℃时,其传导率与电化学性能较好。复合Li2SO4＋Al2O3膜电池的操作温度较低,在650-700℃之间,其传导率与电化学性能较差。纳米电解膜的电池性能和化学稳定性比微米电解膜电池好。研究了由H2S、（MoS2＋NiS＋Ag＋电解质＋淀粉）/电解膜/（NiO＋Ag＋电解质＋淀粉）、空气构成的燃料电池在680-750℃和101.13kPa时的电化学特性,对纳米Li2SO4＋Li2WO4＋Al2O3复合膜电池,当操作温度为750℃时,电池的最大输出功率密度高达130mW·cm^-2,相对应的电流密度为175mA·cm^-2。

关键词：燃料电池电解质硫化氢质子传导膜

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Exact Efficient Handling of Interrupted Illumination in Helical Cone-Beam Computed Tomography with Arbitrary Pitch

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第1期15卷 36-43页

作者： Harald Schndube karl Stierstorfer Frédéric Noo Department of Radiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132-2140USA Siemens Healthcare 91301 ForchheimGermany

We present a theoretically-exact and stable computed tomography （CT） reconstruction algorithm that is capable of handling interrupted illumination and therefore of using all measured data at arbitrary pitch This algorithm is based on a differentiated backprojection （DBP） on M-lines. First, we discuss the problem of interrupted illumination and how it affects the DBP. Then we show that it is possible to take advantage of some properties of the DBP to compensate for the effects of interrupted illumination in a mathematically exact way. From there, we have developed an efficient algorithm which we have successfully implemented. We show encouraging preliminary results using both computer-simulated data and real data. Our results show that our method is capable of achieving a substantial reduction of image noise when decreasing the helix pitch compared with the maximum pitch case. We conclude that the proposed algorithm defines for the first time a theoretically-exact and stable reconstruction method that is capable of beneficially using all measured data at arbitrary pitch.

关键词： computed tomography (CT) theoretically-exact and stable image reconstruction differentiated backprojection M-lines redundant data

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Influence of Ca addition on the dynamic and static recrystallization behavior of direct extruded flat profiles of Mg-Y-Zn alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第10期11卷 3736-3748页

作者： Maria Nienaber Jan Bohlen Sangbong Yi Gerrit Kurz karl Ulrich Kainer Dietmar Letzig Institute of Material and Process Design Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbHMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Agnes-Miegel Str.11Bad Essen 49152Germany

This paper investigates the influence of addition of Ca in a Y-Zn-containing magnesium alloy on the dynamic and static recrystallization behaviors and reveals the formation mechanism of the quadrupole texture during thermomechanical processing. Direct extrusion of flat bands has been conducted at various process conditions to study the difference between the two alloys WZ10 and WZX100 in terms of microstructure and texture development. It can be shown that, Ca addition promotes the DRX of WZ10 alloy. During additional heat treatment,the absence of Y segregation at the grain boundaries and the associated lack of solute drag to the boundary mobility leads to a pronounced grain growth during SRX in WZX100 alloy. Furthermore, it is shown that the addition of Ca to Y-Zn is not beneficial in terms of *** is demonstrated that alloying elements can have different effects depending on the recrystallization mechanisms. Partially recrystallized microstructure is a prerequisite at the as-extruded status to form the quadrupole texture and during subsequent annealing, which stands for high formability.

关键词： Extrusion Recrystallization Magnesium alloy Mg-Y-Zn-Ca alloy Formability quadrupole texture

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Recent research and developments on wrought magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第3期5卷 239-253页

作者： Sihang You Yuanding Huang karl Ulrich Kainer Norbert Hort MagIC-Magnesium Innovation Centre Helmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck-Str.1D-21502 GeesthachtFederal Republic of Germany

Wrought magnesium alloys attract special interests as lightweight structural material due to their homogeneous microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties compared to as-cast *** this contribution,recent research and developments on wrought magnesium alloys are reviewed from the viewpoint of the alloy design,focusing on Mg-Al,Mg-Zn and Mg-rare earth(RE)*** effects of different alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties are described considering their strengthening mechanisms,*** refinement,precipitation and texture hardening ***,the new alloy design and also the future research of wrought magnesium alloys to improve their mechanical properties are discussed.

关键词： Wrought magnesium alloys Alloy design Mechanical properties

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