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Precision health: A nursing perspective

International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第1期7卷 5-12页

作者： Mei R.Fu Emma Kurnat-Thoma Angela Starkweather Wendy A.Henderson Ann K.Cashion Janet K.Williams Maria C.Katapodi karin reuter-rice Kathleen T.Hickey Veronica Barcelona de Mendoza Kathleen Calzone Yvette P.Conley Cindy M.Anderson Debra E.Lyon Michael T.Weaver Pamela K.Shiao Rose E.Constantino Shu-Fen Wung Marilyn J.Hammer Joachim G.Voss Bernice Coleman William F.Connell School of Nursing Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA National Institute of Nursing Research National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA School of Nursing and Health Studies Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA School of Nursing University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA School of Nursing The University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA Nursing Science University of BaselBaselSwitzerland School of Nursing Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA School of Nursing Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA School of Nursing Yale UniversityOrangeCTUSA National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer ResearchGenetic BranchBethesdaMDUSA School of Nursing University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA College of Nursing The Ohio State UniversityOHUSA University of Florida Gainesville FLUSA Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA College of Nursing The University of Arizona TucsonAZUSA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 450 Brookline AvenueLW523BostonMAUSA Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Nursing Research and Development Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesUSA

Precision health refers to personalized healthcare based on a person's unique genetic,genomic,or omic composition within the context of lifestyle,social,economic,cultural and environmental influences to help individuals achieve well-being and optimal *** health utilizes big data sets that combine omics(*** sequence,protein,metabolite,and microbiome information)with clinical information and health outcomes to optimize disease diagnosis,treatment and prevention specific to each *** implementation of precision health requires interprofessional collaboration,community outreach efforts,and coordination of care,a mission that nurses are well-positioned to *** the surge of interest and attention to precision health,most nurses are not well-versed in precision health or its implications for the nursing *** on a critical analysis of literature and expert opinions,this paper provides an overview of precision health and the importance of engaging the nursing profession for its *** topics reviewed in this paper include big data and omics,information science,integration of family health history in precision health,and nursing omics research in symptom *** paper concludes with recommendations for nurse leaders in research,education,clinical practice,nursing administration and policy settings for which to develop strategic plans to implement precision health.

关键词： Nurses Genomics Omics Precision medicine Precision health

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Mitigating climate change through diet choice:Costs and CO_(2) emissions of different cookery book-based dietary options in Germany

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 392-400页

作者： karin KOLBE Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences University of Koblenz-LandauKoblenz56068Germany

The human-food sector is one of the most challenging areas when it comes to greenhouse gas(GHG)*** this study,recipes from similar cookery books were analysed to identify the extent to which CO_(2) reduction can be achieved cost-effectively by cooking vegan,ovo-lactovegetarian or meat-containing recipes.A total of 311 recipes from six different German omnivorous,vegetarian and vegan cookery books were analysed in terms of GHG emissions and *** results illustrate that,based on calories,the vegan recipes on average lead to a 10% reduction in GHGs compared to vegetarian recipes and a 65% reduction compared to recipes high in *** costs for vegan recipes are 45% higher than those for vegetarian *** relatively high prices for vegan dishes result from the cost of meat and dairy replacement ***,GHG emissions from vegan recipes are only slightly lower than those from vegetarian recipes.

关键词： Climate change Nutrition Greenhouse gas emissions Meat Vegetarian Vegan Costs

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Inflammation and liver tumorigenesis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第2期7卷 242-254页

作者： Beicheng Sun Michael karin Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Cancer Center Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction Department of Pharmacology and PathologyCancer CenterUCSD School of MedicineLa JollaCA 92093-0723USA

Inflammation has been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer,and chronic hepatitis is a major cause of liver *** review will focus on the pathogenic role of inflammation in hepatocarcinogenesis and will discuss recent advances in understanding the chronic hepatitis-liver cancer link based on hot spots in liver cancer research,including cellular interaction,cytokines,microRNA and stem *** of these mechanisms should be taken into consideration because they are crucial for the development of more efficacious therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating human chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis cytokine stem cell miRNA

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Regulation of antitumor immunity by inflammation-induced epigenetic alterations

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 59-66页

作者： Michael karin Shabnam Shalapour Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Cancer Biology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA

Chronic inflammation promotes tumor development,progression,and metastatic dissemination and causes treatment *** accumulation of genetic alterations and loss of normal cellular regulatory processes are not only associated with cancer growth and progression but also result in the expression of tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens that may activate antitumor *** antagonism between inflammation and immunity and the ability of cancer cells to avoid immune detection affect the course of cancer development and treatment *** inflammation,particularly acute inflammation,supports T-cell priming,activation,and infiltration into infected tissues,chronic inflammation is mostly ***,the main mechanisms that dictate the outcome of the inflammation-immunity interplay are not well *** data suggest that inflammation triggers epigenetic alterations in cancer cells and components of the tumor *** alterations can affect and modulate numerous aspects of cancer development,including tumor growth,the metabolic state,metastatic spread,immune escape,and immunosuppressive or immunosupportive leukocyte *** this review,we discuss the role of inflammation in initiating epigenetic alterations in immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,and cancer cells and suggest how and when epigenetic interventions can be combined with immunotherapies to improve therapeutic outcomes.

关键词： Inflammation Epigenetics Antitumor immunity Immunotherapy

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Reinforcement as an initiator of population Jivergence and speciation

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 145-154页

作者： karin S. PFENNIG Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280 USA

When hybridization results in reduced fitness, natural selection is expected to favor the evolution of traits that minimize the likelihood of hybridizing in the first place. This process, termed reinforcement （or, more generally, reproductive character displacement）, thereby contributes to the evolution of enhanced reproductive isolation between hybridizing groups. By enhancing reproductive isolation in this way, reinforcement plays an important role in the final stages of speciation. However, reinforcement can also contribute to the early stages of speciation. Specifically, because selection to avoid hybridization occurs only in sympatric populations, the unfolding of reinforcement can lead to the evolution of traits in sympatric populations that reduce reproduction between conspecifics in sympatry versus those in allopatry. Thus, reinforcement between species can lead to reproductive isolation--and possibly speciation-between populations in sympatry versus those in allopatry or among different sympatric populations. Here, I describe how this process can occur, the conditions under which it is most likely to occur, and the empirical data needed to evaluate the hypothesis that reinforcement can initiate speciation.

关键词： character displacement ecological speciation gene flow hybridization population divergence reinforcement cascades reproductive isolation sexual selection speciation cascades.

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Determining short chain fatty acids in sewage sludge hydrolysate: A comparison of three analytical methods and investigation of sample storage effects

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 926-933页

作者： Victor Ibrahim Tobias Hey karin Jonsson VA SYD SE-201 21 Malmo Sweden Water and Environmental Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University SE-21100 Lund Sweden

In anaerobic digestion, the production of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） can be beneficial or harmful to the overall process, depending on the concentration of accumulated acids. Therefore, the accurate determination of the SCFA concentration in both fresh and stored sludge hydrolysates is important. To select a suitable method for monitoring SCFAs during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, the accuracy of three available analytical methods, including 5 pH point acid titration （TITRA5）, gas chromatography （GC）, and spectrophotometry, were compared in the present study. The results revealed that TITRA5 and GC displayed better agreement in the achieved measurements and higher precision and accuracy than the spectrophotometric assay, as supported by the application of different statistical models. TITRA5 excelled in titrating unfiltered hydrolysate while simultaneously measuring the alkalinity, whereas the GC method provided detailed information on the contribution of different fatty acids to the total acidity. In contrast, the spectrophotometric assay suffered from many forms of interference, depending on the sample＇s matrix. SCFA production followed the pattern of enzymatic reactions and fitted the Michaelis-Menten model. In addition to promoting TITRA5 as an accurate and robust analytical tool for routine SCFA analyses, this comparative study also demonstrated the possibility of storing hydrolysate samples at different temperatures and durations without altering the SCFA measurements.

关键词： five pH point titration gas chromatography spectrophotometry short-chain fatty acids sludge hydrolysis sample storage

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WOMBAT—A tool for mixed model analyses in quantitative genetics by restricted maximum likelihood (REML)

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第11期8卷 815-821页

作者： MEYER karin Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit University of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales 2351Australia

WOMBAT is a software package for quantitative genetic analyses of continuous traits, fitting a linear, mixed model; estimates of covariance components and the resulting genetic parameters are obtained by restricted maximum likelihood. A wide range of models, comprising numerous traits, multiple fixed and random effects, selected genetic covariance structures, random regression models and reduced rank estimation are accommodated. WOMBAT employs up-to-date numerical and computational methods. Together with the use of efficient compilers, this generates fast executable programs, suitable for large scale analyses. Use of WOMBAT is illustrated for a bivariate analysis. The package consists of the executable program, available for LINUX and WINDOWS environments, manual and a set of worked example, and can be downloaded free of charge from http：//agbu. ***/-kmeyer/***

关键词： Software Variance components Genetic parameters Mixed model Restricted maximum likelihood

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Psychological and social aspects of infertility in men： an overview of the evidence and implications for psychologically informed clinical care and future research

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 121-129,179页

作者： Jane RW Fisher karin Hammarberg Jean Hailes Research Unit School of PubLic Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Clayton Vic. 3168 Australia

Research concerning the psychosocial aspects of infertility and infertility treatment focuses more often on women than men. The aim of this review was to synthesize the English-language evidence related to the psychological and social aspects of infertility in men and discuss the implications of these reports for clinical care and future research. A structured search identified 73 studies that reported data concerning the desire for fatherhood and the psychological and social aspects of diagnosis, assisted reproductive technology （ART） treatment and unsuccessful treatment among men with fertility difficulties. The studies are diverse in conceptualisation, design, setting and data collection, but the findings were reasonably consistent. These studies indicated that fertile and infertile childless men of reproductive age have desires to experience parenthood that are similar to those of their female counterparts; in addition, diagnosis and initiation of treatment are associated with elevated infertility-specific anxiety, and unsuccessful treatment can lead to a state of lasting sadness. However, rates of clinically significant mental health problems among this patient population are no higher than in the general population. Infertile men who are socially isolated, have an avoidant coping style and appraise stressful events as overwhelming, are more vulnerable to severe anxiety than men without these characteristics. Men prefer oral to written treatment information and prefer to receive emotional support from infertility clinicians rather than from mental health professionals, self-help support groups or friends. Nevertheless, structured, facilitated psycho-educational groups that are didactic but permit informal sharing of experiences might be beneficial. There are gaps in knowledge about factors governing seeking, persisting with and deciding to cease treatment; experiences of invasive procedures; parenting after assisted conception; adoption and infertility-related

关键词： assisted reproductive technologies male infertility psychologically-informed clinical care psychosocial aspects

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Contribution of CNTs/CNFs morphology to reduction of autogenous shrinkage of Portland cement paste

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 224-235页

作者： Feneuil BLANDINE karin HABERMEHI-CWIRZEN Andrzej CWIRZEN Concrete Technology Laboratory Department of Civil and Structural Engineering School of Engineering Aalto University Rakentajanaukio 4 00076 Aalto Finland Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Luled University of Technology Luled Sweden

ABSTRACT In this experimental study, carbon nanotubes （CNTs） and carbon nanofibers （CNFs） were dispersed by intensive sonication in water in the presence of superplasticizer and subsequently mixed with Portland cement with water/ cement ratios varying between 0.3 and 0.4. The autogenous shrinkage in the fresh stage was investigated. The CNTs and CNFs were characterized by high resolution scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the hydrated pastes were studied by X-ray diffraction and SEM. The results showed a reduction of the autogenous shrinkage by 50% for pastes containing small amounts （0.01 wt%） of nanomaterials. Higher additions appeared to be less effective. The highest reduction of shrinkage was observed for carbon nanofibers which were long, rather straight and had diameters of around 200 nm. The result showed that the addition of nanomaterials accelerated the hydration processes especially in the early stages of hydration. The effect was the most pronounced in the case of functionalized nanotubes. The proposed mechanism resulting in the reduction of the autogenous shrinkage was a combination of nano-reinforcing effects, alterations of hydration and microstructure of the hydrated matrix.

关键词： carbon nanotubes shrinkage cement paste

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Psychological consequences of a diagnosis of infertility in men:a systematic analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 10-19页

作者： Sarah N Biggs Jane Halliday karin Hammarberg Reproductive Epidemiology Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourne 3052Australia Department of Paediatrics University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Public Health and Preventative Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourne 3004Australia Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment Authority Melbourne 3000Australia

Almost half of infertility cases involve male *** the consequence of a diagnosis of male infertility,as a sole or partial contributor to the couples'infertility,to the mental health of men is required to ensure clinical care meets their psychological *** aim of this systematic analysis was to synthesize the evidence regarding whether men diagnosed with male factor infertility experience greater psychological distress than(1)men described as fertile and(2)men in couples with other infertility *** databases were searched using a combination of Medical Subject Headings(MeSH)headings and keywords relating to male infertility and psychological *** search yielded 1016 unique publications,of which 23 were included:8 case-control,14 prospective cohort,and 1 data linkage *** aspects of psychological distress were identified depression,anxiety,self-esteem,quality of life,fertility-related stress,general psychological stress or well-being,and psychiatric ***-control studies reported that men with male factor infertility have more symptoms of depression,anxiety and general psychological distress,worse quality of some aspects of life,and lower self-esteem than *** men with male factor infertility were compared to men in couples with other causes of infertility,there were few differences in the assessed aspects of psychological *** methodological limitations within the studies,this systematic analysis suggests that the experience of infertility,irrespective of its cause,negatively affects men's mental health and demonstrates the need for assisted reproduction technology(ART)providers to consider men undergoing assisted reproduction as individuals with their own unique support needs.

关键词： anxiety depression infertility male mental health quality of life

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