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A CALCULUS FOR SERVICES INNOVATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 129-165页

作者： James M. TIEN Daniel berg Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the gro

关键词： Services innovation decision informatics software algorithms automation globalization collaboration customization integration adaptation standardization telecommunication organization business principles

ON SERVICES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2006年第3期15卷 257-283页

作者： James M.TIEN Daniel berg Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

The importance of the services sector can not be overstated; it employs 82.1 percent of the U. S. workforce and 69 percent of graduates from an example technological university. Yet, university research and education have not followed suit. Clearly, services research and education deserve our critical attention and support since services - and services innovation - serve as an indispensable engine for global economic growth. The theme of this paper is that we can and should build services research and education on what has occurred in manufacturing research （especially in regard to customization and intellectual property） and education; indeed, services and manufactured goods become indistinguishable as they are jointly co-produced in real-time. Fortunately, inasmuch as manufacturing concepts, methodologies and technologies have been developed and refined over a long period of time （i.e., since the 1800s）, the complementary set of concepts, methodologies and technologies for services are more obvious. However, while new technologies （e.g., the Internet） and globalization trends have served to enable, if not facilitate, services innovation, the same technologies （e.g., the Internet） and 21st Century realities （e.g., terrorism） are making services innovation a far more complex problem and, in fact, may be undermining previous innovations in both services and manufacturing. Finally, there is a need to define a ＂knowledge-adjusted＂ GDP metric that can more adequately measure the growing knowledge economy, one driven by intangible ideas and services innovation.

关键词： Services manufacturing customization innovation education intellectual property

Unsupervised learning of charge-discharge cycles from various lithium-ion battery cells to visualize dataset characteristics and to interpret model performance

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 397-405页

作者： Akihiro Yamashita Sascha berg Egbert Figgemeier Helmholtz Institute Münster:Ionics in Energy Storage(IMD-4/HI MS) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives(ISEA) RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Jülich Aachen Research Alliance JARA-EnergyGermany

Machine learning (ML) is a rapidly growing tool even in the lithium-ion battery (LIB) research field. To utilize this tool, more and more datasets have been published. However, applicability of a ML model to different information sources or various LIB cell types has not been well studied. In this paper, an unsupervised learning model called variational autoencoder (VAE) is evaluated with three datasets of charge-discharge cycles with different conditions. The model was first trained with a publicly available dataset of commercial cylindrical cells, and then evaluated with our private datasets of commercial pouch and hand-made coin cells. These cells used different chemistry and were tested with different cycle testers under different purposes, which induces various characteristics to each dataset. We report that researchers can recognise these characteristics with VAE to plan a proper data preprocessing. We also discuss about interpretability of a ML model.

关键词： Unsupervised learning Dimensionality reduction Inductive bias .Machine learning Variational autoencoder

A CASE FOR SERVICE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2003年第1期12卷 13-38页

作者： James M.TIEN Daniel berg Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12110-3590U.S.A.Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNew York 12110-3590U.S.A.

A case is made for further developing a branch of systems engineering that focuses on problems and issues which arise in the service sector. We promulgate this special focus not only because of the size and importance of the service sector but also because of the unique opportunities that systems engineering can exploit in the design and joint production and delivery of services. We begin by considering the economic, technological and demographic contexts within which the service sector has flourished; we then address both services, especially emerging services, and systems engineering, followed by a discussion of how to advance the field of service systems engineering, and concluding with several remarks. In particular, a number of service systems engineering methods are identified to enhance the design and production/delivery of services, especially taking advantage of the unique features that characterize services - namely, services, especially emerging services, are information-driven, customer-centric, e-oriented, and productivity-focused.

关键词： Service sector systems engineering information technology decision technologies customer-centric productivity

Ab initio prediction of fast non-equilibrium transport of nascent polarons in SrI2: a key to high-performance scintillation

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 77-83页

作者： Fei Zhou Babak Sadigh Paul Erhart Daniel Åberg Physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCAUSA Department of Physics Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

The excellent light yield proportionality of europium-doped strontium iodide(SrI2:Eu)has resulted in state-of-the-artγ-ray detectors with remarkably high-energy resolution,far exceeding that of most halide *** this class of materials,the formation of self-trapped hole polarons is very ***,polaron formation is usually expected to limit carrier mobilities and has been associated with poor scintillator light-yield proportionality and *** using a recently developed first-principles method,we perform an unprecedented study of polaron transport in SrI2,both for equilibrium polarons,as well as nascent polarons immediately following a self-trapping *** propose a rationale for the unexpected high-energy resolution of *** identify nine stable hole polaron configurations,which consist of dimerised iodine pairs with polaron-binding energies of up to 0.5 *** are connected by a complex potential energy landscape that comprises 66 unique nearest-neighbour migration *** initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that a large fraction of polarons is born into configurations that migrate practically barrier free at room ***,carriers created duringγ-irradiation can quickly diffuse away reducing the chance for nonlinear recombination,the primary culprit for non-proportionality and resolution *** conclude that the flat,albeit complex,landscape for polaron migration in SrI2 is a key for understanding its outstanding *** insight provides important guidance not only for the future development of high-performance scintillators but also of other materials,for which large polaron mobilities are crucial such as batteries and solid-state ionic conductors.

关键词： polaron equilibrium iodine

Hip prosthetic loosening:A very personal review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第9期12卷 629-639页

作者： Bengt Mjöberg Department of Orthopedics Lund UniversityLund SE-22100Sweden

Hip prosthetic loosening is often difficult to detect at an early stage,and there has been uncertainty for a long time as to when the loosening occurs and thus to the basic *** comparing different diagnostic methods,we found that loosening is best defined as prosthetic migration and measured by radiostereometric *** evidence indicates that poor interlock,poor bone quality,and resorption of a necrotic bone bed may initiate loosening during or shortly after surgery;this forms the basis of the theory of early *** factors do affect the subsequent progression of loosening,which may increase subclinically during a long period of ***,the loosening may be detected on standard radiographs and may be interpreted as late loosening but should to be interpreted as late detection of *** theory of early loosening explains the rapid early migration,the development of periprosthetic osteolysis and granulomas,the causality between wear and loosening,and largely the epidemiology of clinical failure of hip *** discussed are definition of loosening,the pattern of early migration,the choice of migration threshold,the current understanding of loosening,a less exothermic bone cement,cemented taper-slip stems,a new exciting computed tomography-based technique for simpler implant migration studies,and research suggestions.

关键词： Hip prosthesis Prosthesis failure Radiostereometric analysis Bone resorption Bone cements Radionuclide imaging

Unlocked disinfection by-product formation potential upon exposure of swimming pool water to additional stimulants

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 111-118页

作者： Alvyn P.berg Ting-An Fang Hao L.Tang Environmental Engineering Program Indiana University of PennsylvaniaIndianaPA15705USA

Anthropogenic organics are known to be responsible for the formation of harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pool water (SPW). The research explored an important scenario of SPW with no additional anthropogenic organic input. With stimulations by residual chlorine or additional chlorine and extended incubation, the formation of DBPs, especially chlorofonn, was significantly induced. Similar observations were found by investigating synthetic SPW made with sweat and urine. The presence of urine led to a massive fbmiation of chloroform, as noted by an approximate 19-fbld increase after 165-day incubation with a shock chlorine dose. The research suggests that consistent residual chlorine and long water retention as two typical features of SPW could unlock the DBP fbnnation potential of anthropogenic organics. Thus, limiting the introduction of anthropogenic organics may not have an immediate effect on reducing DBP levels, because their reactions with chlorine can be slow and long-lasting. Pool management should prioritize on control of urine and improving air ventilation. This work is useful to deepen understandings about DBP formation in SPW and provide implications for pool management and prospective legislation.

关键词： Trihalomethanes Haloacetic acids Chloroform Residual chlorine Anthropogenic organics Swimming pool water

Clinical practice guidelines for acute-on-chronic liver failure: are we ready for reaching global consensus?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第2期12卷 239-243页

作者： Cornelius Engelmann Thomas berg Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Division of Hepatology Department of Medicine IILeipzig University Medical CenterLeipzigGermany Berlin Institute of Health(BIH) BerlinGermany University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive HealthLondonUK

The concept of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)has gained increasing awareness during the last *** considers liver cirrhosis as a systemic disease where precipitating events lead to a sudden deterioration,decompensation and extrahepatic organ *** severity is determined by the number and types of organ failures and patients with ACLF have a distinct and worse prognosis than patients with acute decompensation but not fulfilling ACLF criteria(1-3).

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) cirrhosis

Decision support model for effects estimation and proportionality assessment for targeting in cyber operations

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 352-374页

作者： C.Maathuis W.Pieters J.van den berg Delft University of Technology Jaffalaan 52628 BXDelftNetherlands TNO Military Operations Oude Waaldorperweg 632597 AKDen HaagNetherlands Netherlands Defense Academy De la Reyweg 1204818 BBBredaNetherlands Open University of the Netherlands Valkenburgerweg 1776419 ATHeerlenNetherlands

Cyber operations are relatively a new phenomenon of the last two *** that period,they have increased in number,complexity,and agility,while their design and development have been processes well kept under *** a consequence,limited data(sets)regarding these incidents are *** various academic and practitioner public communities addressed some of the key points and dilemmas that surround cyber operations(such as attack,target identification and selection,and collateral damage),still methodologies and models are needed in order to plan,execute,and assess them in a responsibly and legally compliant *** on these facts,it is the aim of this article to propose a model that i))estimates and classifies the effects of cyber operations,and ii)assesses proportionality in order to support targeting decisions in cyber *** order to do that,a multi-layered fuzzy model was designed and implemented by analysing real and virtual realistic cyber operations combined with interviews and focus groups with technical e military *** proposed model was evaluated on two cyber operations use cases in a focus group with four technical e military *** the design and the results of the evaluation are revealed in this article.

关键词： Cyber operations Cyber warfare Cyber weapons Artificial intelligence Fuzzy logic Targeting