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Can gene editing reduce postharvest waste and loss of fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals?

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 51-71页

作者： Emma N.Shipman Jingwei Yu Jiaqi Zhou karin Albornoz Diane M.Beckles Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Plant Biology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Graduate Group of Horticulture&Agronomy University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Departamento de Produccion Vegetal Universidad de ConcepcionRegion del BioBioConcepcionChile

Postharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next *** and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful nutrients,and along with ornamentals,enrich our lives with a wide array of pleasant sensory *** commodities are,however,highly *** 33%of the produce that is harvested is never consumed since these products naturally have a short shelf-life,which leads to postharvest loss and *** loss,however,could be reduced by breeding new crops that retain desirable traits and accrue less damage over the course of long supply *** gene-editing tools promise the rapid and inexpensive production of new varieties of crops with enhanced traits more easily than was previously *** aim in this review is to critically evaluate gene editing as a tool to modify the biological pathways that determine fruit,vegetable,and ornamental quality,especially after *** provide brief and accessible overviews of both the CRISPR-Cas9 method and the produce supply ***,we survey the literature of the last 30 years,to catalog genes that control or regulate quality or senescence traits that are"ripe"for gene ***,we discuss barriers to implementing gene editing for postharvest,from the limitations of experimental methods to international *** conclude that in spite of the hurdles that remain,gene editing of produce and ornamentals will likely have a measurable impact on reducing postharvest loss and waste in the next 5-10 years.

关键词： crops editing harvest

The Influence of High Temperature Exposure on the Wear Performance of a Ni Based Alloy PTA Coating

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 152-156页

作者： karin Graf Ana Sofia C.M. d'OIiveira Mechanical Department of Universidade Federal do Parana Curitiba BrazilMechanical Department of Universidade Federal do Parana Curitiba Brazil

Degradation phenomena like wear and corrosion, may have their effects accelerated as components operate at high temperature. The aim of this work is to make an indirect evaluation of the influence of high temperature exposure on wear behavior of Ni coatings. A Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy, was deposited with Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) process. An indirect approach based on the Ahrrenius relationship was used to evaluated long time exposures at high temperatures. To simulate longer exposures at lower temperatures, coatings were exposed to higher temperatures for the same time interval. So coatings were soaked in an air furnace at 650°C, 1000°C and 1200°C. Metal/metal wear behavior was evaluated by pin-on-disc tests. Pins were removed from the coatings by eletrodischarge machining and rubbed against a VC31 quenched and tempered tool steel. Two sets of wear tests were run at 2m/s, for different loads (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0Kg) and for different sliding distances (120, 720, 1080, 1440 and 1800m).Coatings characterization was done by scanning electronic microscopy and Vickers microhardness. Results showed as temperature is increased, coatings wear performance is altered, and this is associated with microstructural changes.

关键词：磨损 Ni合金 PTA 高温曝露

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Universality of slip avalanches in a ductile Fe-based bulk metallic glass

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第4期24卷 366-371页

作者： Jiao-jiao Li Jun-wei Qiao karin A.Dahmen Wei-ming Yang Bao-long Shen Ming-wei Chen Laboratory of Applied Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIllinois 61801USA State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering School of Mechanics and Civil EngineeringChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendal 980-8577Japan

Intermittent serrated flows of a novel ductile Fe60Ni20P13C7 bulk metallic glass（BMG）at variant strain rates were investigated by statistics *** and clutter distribution of slip-avalanche magnitudes are displayed during stable plastic flows at strain rates of 2×10-4 s-1 and 5×10-5 s-1,respectively,which means that serration behavior depends on the strain ***,the remarkable agreement between measured slip-avalanche magnitudes and the scaling behavior,i.e.a universal complementary cumulative distribution function（CCDF）predicted by mean-field theory（MFT）model,indicates that the plasticity of the present Fe-based BMGs can be tuned by imposed strain rates：Smax^6）ε-λ.This tuned plasticity is elucidated with expended free-volume ***,the scaling behavior of serrated flows for other strain rates can be predicted as well.

关键词： Bulk metallic glass Slip avalanche Plasticity Mean-field theory model Strain rate

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Targeting the intestinal circadian clock by meal timing ameliorates gastrointestinal inflammation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第8期21卷 842-855页

作者： Yunhui Niu Marjolein Heddes Baraa Altaha Michael Birkner karin Kleigrewe Chen Meng Dirk Haller Silke Kiessling ZIEL-Institute for Food&Health Technical University of Munich85354FreisingGermany Chair of Nutrition and Immunology School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichGregor-Mendel-Str.285354FreisingGermany Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Technical University of MunichGregor-Mendel-Str.485354FreisingGermany Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of SurreyStag Hill CampusGU27XPGuildfordUK

The expression of clock genes has been observed to be impaired in biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Disruption of circadian rhythms,which occurs in shift workers,has been linked to an increased risk of gastrointestinal diseases,including *** peripheral circadian clock in intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)was previously shown to balance gastrointestinal homeostasis by regulating the ***,we demonstrated that the intestinal clock is disrupted in an IBD-relevant mouse model(IL-10−/−).A lack of the intestinal clock gene(Bmal1)in intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)in a chemically and a novel genetically induced colitis model(DSS,Bmal1IEC−/−xIL-10−/−)promoted colitis and dramatically reduced survival ***-free Bmal1IEC−/−mice colonized with disease-associated microbiota from IL-10−/−mice exhibited increased inflammatory responses,highlighting the importance of the local intestinal clock for microbiota-induced IBD *** the intestinal clock directly by timed restricted feeding(RF)in IL-10−/−mice restored intestinal clock functions,including immune cell recruitment and microbial rhythmicity;improved inflammatory responses;dramatically enhanced survival rates and rescued the histopathological *** contrast,RF failed to improve IBD symptoms in Bmal1IEC−/−xIL-10−/−mice,demonstrating the significance of the intestinal clock in determining the beneficial effect of ***,we provide evidence that intestinal clock dysfunction triggers host immune imbalance and promotes the development and progression of IBD-like *** intestinal clock function by RF modulates the pathogenesis of IBD and thus could become a novel strategy to ameliorate symptoms in IBD patients.

关键词： Intestinal circadian clock Gastrointestinal inflammation IBD Restricted feeding Microbiota

Wear Evaluation on Ni_3Al/MnS Composite Related to Metallurgical Processes

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第7期19卷 46-54页

作者： karin Gong LUO He-li ZHOU Zhi-feng TIAN Zhi-ling Lars Nyborg LI Chang-hai Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Se-412 96 Sweden China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Beijing 100081 China Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Iron alloyed Ni3Al with composition of Ni-18. 8Ab10. 7Fe-0. 5Mn-0. 5Ti-0. 2B in atom percent （NAC alloy） showed attractive tribological properties under unlubrication condition at room temperature. The alloy was prepared by hot isostatic pressing （HIP） process. The wear properties were associated with its intrinsic deformation mechanism. Unfortunately, the single phase NAC-alloy worked inadequately with its counterpart disk, and also showed a poor machinability. In the present work, NAC-alloy matrix composite with 6 % （volume percent） MnS particle addi- tion was studied to improve its wear behaviors and performance on machining. Two metallurgical processes of HIP and vacuum casting were applied to produce the testing materials. Pin-on-disk （POD） measurements were carried out at room temperature. A commercial vermicular graphite cast iron was selected as a reference material. The counter- part disk was made of a grey cast iron as liner material in ship engines. The contact pressures of 2.83 MPa and 5.66 MPa were normally applied in the tests. The investigation indicated that MnS particle addition in the NAC-alloy composites functions as an effective solid lubricant, and improved wear properties and machinability of the materials. Obvi- ously, as-cast NAC-alloy with in-situ formed MnS-phase was working more effectively with the counterpart, compa- ring to the HIPed NAC-alloy composite with MnS particles. At the high contact pressure of 5.66 MPa, the specific wear rate of the as-cast NAC-alloy composite was high. The phenomenon of the negative effect is mostly due to the brittle second NiAl phase as evidenced in the microstructure analysis.

关键词： HIP processing friction coefficient specific wear rate intermetallics sliding wear casting machinability

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Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on hypersensitivity in acute recurrent caerulein-induced pancreatitis and microglial activation along the brain’s pain circuitry

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第9期27卷 794-814页

作者： Sabrina L McIlwrath Marlene E Starr Abigail E High Hiroshi Saito karin N Westlund Research Service New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare SystemAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States Department of Surgery University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States College of Liberal Arts University of TexasAustinTX 78712United States Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)and recurring AP are serious health care problems causing excruciating pain and potentially lethal outcomes due to *** validated caerulein-(CAE)induced mouse model of acute/recurring AP produces secondary persistent hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavioral changes for *** To determine efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)to reduce pain-related behaviors and brain microglial activation along the pain circuitry in *** Pancreatitis was induced with 6 hly intraperitoneal(i.p.)injections of CAE(50μg/kg),3 d a week for 6 wk in male C57BL/6J *** in week 4,mice received either vehicle or ALC until experiment’s *** hypersensitivity was assessed with von Frey *** hypersensitivity was determined with the hotplate ***-like behavior was tested in week 6 using elevated plus maze and open field *** activation in brain was quantified histologically by immunostaining for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1).RESULTS Mice with CAE-induced pancreatitis had significantly reduced mechanical withdrawal thresholds and heat response latencies,indicating ongoing *** with ALC attenuated inflammation-induced hypersensitivity,but hypersensitivity due to abdominal wall injury caused by repeated intraperitoneal injections *** with pancreatitis displayed spontaneous anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze compared to *** with ALC resulted in increased numbers of rearing activity events,but time spent in“safety”was not *** all the abdominal injections,pancreata were translucent if excised at experiment’s end and opaque if excised on the subsequent day,indicative of spontaneous *** mortem histopathological analysis performed on pancreas sections stained with Sirius Red and Fast Green identified wide-spread fibrosis and acinar cell atrophy in sections from mice with CAE-induced pancreatitis that was no

关键词： Acute recurrent pancreatitis Neuropathic pain Mechanical hypersensitivity Heat hypersensitivity Anxiety-like behavior Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1

Dual Targeting to Mitochondria and Chloroplasts： Characterization of Thr-tRNA Synthetase Targeting Peptide

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1298-1309页

作者： Anna-karin Berglund Erika Spanning Henrik Biverstahl Gianluca Maddalo Christian Tellgren-Roth Lena Maler Elzbieta Glaser Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Science Stockholm University SF-10691 Stockholm Sweden Department of Genetics and Pathology Rudbecklaboratoriet Uppsala University SE-751 85 Uppsala Sweden

There is a group of proteins that are encoded by a single gene, expressed as a single precursor protein and dually targeted to both mitochondria and chloroplasts using an ambiguous targeting peptide. Sequence analysis of 43 dual targeted proteins in comparison with 385 mitochondrial proteins and 567 chloroplast proteins ofArabidopsis thaliana revealed an overall significant increase in phenylalanines, leucines, and serines and a decrease in acidic amino acids and glycine in dual targeting peptides （dTPs）. The N-terminal portion of dTPs has significantly more serines than mTPs. The number of arginines is similar to those in mTPs, but almost twice as high as those in cTPs. We have investigated targeting determinants of the dual targeting peptide of Thr-tRNA synthetase （ThrRS-dTP） studying organellar import of N- and C-terminal deletion constructs of ThrRS-dTP coupled to GFR These results show that the 23 amino acid long N-terminal portion of ThrRS-dTP is crucial but not sufficient for the organellar import. The C-terminal deletions revealed that the shortest peptide that was capable of conferring dual targeting was 60 amino acids long. We have purified the ThrRS- dTP（2-60） to homogeneity after its expression as a fusion construct with GST followed by CNBr cleavage and ion exchange chromatography. The purified ThrRS-dTP（2-60） inhibited import of pF1β into mitochondria and of pSSU into chloroplasts at μM concentrations showing that dual and organelle-specific proteins use the same organellar import pathways. Furthermore, the CD spectra of ThrRS-dTP（2-60） indicated that the peptide has the propensity for forming α-helical structure in membrane mimetic environments; however, the membrane charge was not important for the amount of induced helical structure. This is the first study in which a dual targeting peptide has been purified and investigated by biochemical and biophysical means.

关键词： Dual targeting mitochondria chloroplast targeting peptide aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Spin dynamics of the E_(8) particles

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Science Bulletin 2024年第19期69卷 2974-2977页

作者： Xiao Wang Konrad Puzniak karin Schmalzl Christian Balz Masaaki Matsuda Akira Okutani Masayuki Hagiwara Jie Ma Jianda Wu Bella Lake Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201210China Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Berlin D-14109Germany Institut für Festkörperphysik Technische Universität BerlinBerlin D-10623Germany Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHOutstation at ILLGrenoble 38042France ISIS Neutron and Muon Source STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge 37831USA Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science Graduate School of ScienceOsaka UniversityOsaka 560-0043Japan School of Physics&Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Shanghai Branch Hefei National LaboratoryShanghai 201315China

Unlike the classical phase transition driven by thermal fluctuations,the quantum phase transition arises at zero temperature when the system is tuned by a non-thermal parameter[1].For a continuous quantum phase transi... 详细信息

关键词： quantum transition symmetry

Production and decay of polarized hyperon-antihyperon pairs

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第5期 35-54页

作者： karin Sch?nning Varvara Batozskaya Patrik Adlarson 周小蓉 Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Uppsala Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Centre for Nuclear Research University of Science and Technology of China

Polarized hyperon-antihyperon pairs shed light on various unresolved puzzles in contemporary physics:How the strong interaction confines quarks into hadrons, how accurately the Standard Model describes microcosmos and even why our universe consists of so much more matter than antimatter. Thanks to their weak, parity violating decays, hyperons reveal their spin properties. This can be exploited e.g. the decomposition of the electromagnetic structure of hyperons, precision tests of flavour symmetry and searches for CP violation. At the BESⅢ experiment at BEPC-Ⅱ, Beijing, China, hyperon-antihyperon pairs can be produced in abundance. Recently collected large data samples have triggered the development of new methods that provide unprecedented precision and a plethora of new results have emerged. When applied at future high-intensity facilities like PANDA and STCF, precision physics will be taken to a new level which can contribute to the solution to the aforementioned puzzles.

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