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Factors influencing the establishment of dominance hierarchies of the grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus

Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 18-35页

作者： David W.ClEVElAND kari l.lavalli College of General Studies Division of Natural Sciences & Mathematics Boston University

Unlike other balistids, grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus occur in social groups in subtropical reef assemblages and have been noted to cooperate in capturing large crustacean prey. The objective of this study were to determine the structure of dominance hierarchies of these social groups and the factors that influence hierarchies of wild-caught grey triggerfish in a natu- ralistic setting. From observations of four groups of triggerfish （n = 19 fish） in both dyad and group （4 - 5 fish） settings, we provide a description of triggerfish behaviors and coloration patterns and an explanation of the social context in which suites of behaviors are used by dominant, middle-ranking, and subordinate fish. Sixteen behaviors and nine coloration patterns were noted for grey triggerfish. Grey triggerfish groups form linear hierarchies in both dyads and groups as measured by landau＇s lndex of linearity （h = 1.0 for Groups 1, 3, and 4 and h = 0.95 for Group 2 in dyads; h = 1.0 for all groups in group settings）. Dyadic hierarchies, however, were not necessarily good predictors of the hierarchies found in larger group settings, as they only predicted two of the four group hierarchies. Sex played no role in influencing status or behavior. Size had the greatest influence on domi- nance status, with larger fish being more dominant than smaller fish. An individual＇s dominance ranking influenced both body coloration and posture. These results suggest that color patterns and body postures may also be used by observers as an indicator of an individual＇s social status in groups [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 18-35, 2010].

关键词： Grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus Balistids Dominance hierarchies Status Rank Behavior

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Regional economic assessment of a novel place-based model for sustainable food systems

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 220-229页

作者： Susanna Kujala kari Koppelmäki University of Helsinki Ruralia InstituteKampusranta 9 C 60320SeinäjokiFinland University of Helsinki Ruralia InstituteLönnrotinkatu 750100MikkeliFinland Wageningen University&Research Farming Systems Ecology GroupDroevendaalsesteeg 16708PBWageningenThe Netherlands

Several actions from both the environmental and human viewpoints have already been made to meet the sustainability goals targeted at food ***,new place-based ideas to improve sustainability are *** symbiosis(AES),a novel food system model,is an example of a suggested system-level change to attain sustainability targets;it is a symbiosis of food production and processing using renewable energy that uses its own *** has already been found advantageous from the ecological and biophysical viewpoints,but a regional economic evaluation of the model is still ***,the aim of our paper is to assess the regional economic impact of a possible systemic change in the food system using the network of agroecological symbiosis(NAES)as an *** applied scenarios representing different ways of moving towards envisioned NAES models in Mäntsälä,Finland,and a computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the regional economic *** to our results,both regional economy and employment would increase,and the regional production base would diversify with NAES implementation applied to the region,but the extent of the benefits varies between *** scenario that includes change in both public and private food demand,production of bioenergy and utilization of by-products would cause the largest ***,realizing NAES requires investments that may influence the actual implementation of such ***,a change towards NAES can promote an economically and spatially just transition to sustainability,as NAES seems to be economically most beneficial for rural areas.

关键词： Sustainability Regional economy localized food system Renewable energy Circularity

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Multi-species probiotics enhance survival,growth,intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of rohu(labeo rohita)larvae

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Water Biology and Security 2024年第1期3卷 71-79页

作者： Zannatul Ferdous Md Kabir Hossain Md Hadiuzzaman SMRafiquzzaman KM Abdul Halim Tanvir Rahman Md Ali Reza Faruk Zulhisyam Abdul kari Md Shahjahan laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology Department of Fisheries ManagementBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Department of Aquaculture Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Department of Fisheries Matshoy BhabanDhakaBangladesh Department of Fisheries Biology&Aquatic Environment Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur1706Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agro-Based IndustryUniversiti Malaysia KelantanJeli Campus17600JeliKelantanMalaysia

Multi-strain probiotics provide the most dependable approaches to improve health,immune response,and disease resistance in farmed *** the present study,we examined the effects of multi-species probiotics on the survival,growth,immune response,and disease resistance of rohu(labeo rohita)*** hatched larvae from the day of first feeding(average weight of 0.003 g)were reared with multi-species probiotics having a combination of Bacillus subtilis(109 colony forming units(cfu)/ml)and lactobacillus spp.(lactobacillus plantarum,lactobacillus buchneri-1011 cfu/ml)in water containing doses of 0(control-C),0.5 ml/l(treatment 1-T1),and 1.0 ml/l(treatment 2-T2)in triplicates for 90 *** the experiment,a challenge test was performed to assess the fish's resistance to pathogenic Aeromonas *** higher survival was recorded in larvae of treated groups(87%in T2 and 79%in T1)compared to the control(62%).Significantly higher growth performance(weight gain and specific growth rate—SGR)was shown by the probiotic-treated larval groups compared to the *** supplementation resulted in significantly higher counts of total viable colony(TVC)and lactic acid bacteria(lAB)in the *** immunological parameters(mucosal fold fattening,goblet cell abundance,expansion of lamina propria and enterocytes)of the gut were significantly better in probiotic-treated *** liver of treated fish showed irregular shape nuclei turning into regular shape and reducing spaces between the hepatic ***-treated fish had the highest post-challenge survival rate(90%)against *** *** erythrocytes of challenged fish treated with probiotics had significantly lower frequencies of various nuclear and cellular *** findings suggest that multi-species probiotic supplements could improve the survival,growth,health status,and immune response of rohu in the early stages of its development.

关键词： Aquaculture Disease resistance Immunity labeo rohita Probiotics

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Polymer-mediated immunocamouflage of red blood cells: Effects of polymer size on antigenic and immunogenic recognition of allogeneic donor blood cells

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Science China(life Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 589-598页

作者： WANG DunCheng Dana l. KYlUIK kari l. MURAD Wendy M. TOYOFUKU Mark D. SCOTT Canadian Blood Services Vancouver V6T 1Z3 British Columbia Canada Centre for Blood Research and the Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 British Columbia Canada Department of Biology College of St. Rose Albany 12208 New York USA

Developing a practical means of reducing alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients would be of significant clinical benefit. Immunocamouflaging red blood ceils （RBCs） by membrane grafting of methoxypoly（ethylene glycol）（mPEG） may reduce the risk of allo-immunization. The results of this study showed that antibody recognition of non-ABO antigens was sig- nificantly reduced in an mPEG-dose- and polymer size-dependent manner, with higher molecular weight mPEGs providing better immunoprotection. Furthermore, in vivo immunogenicity was significantly reduced in mice serially transfused with mPEG-modified xenogeneic （sheep; sRBCs）, allogeneic （C57B1/6）, or syngeneic （Balb/c） RBCs. Following a primary transfu- sion of sRBCs, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed a 〉90% reduction in anti-sRBC IgG antibody levels. After two transfusions, mice receiving mPEG-sRBCs showed reductions of 〉80% in anti-sRBC IgG levels. Importantly, mPEG-modified autologous cells did not induce neoantigens or an immune （IgG or IgM） response. These data suggest that the global immuno- camouflage of RBCs by polymer grafting may provide a safe and cost-effective means of reducing therisk of alloimmunization.

关键词： methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) erythrocyte blood group antigens mice alloimmunization

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Biological characteristics of Acanthocinus carinulatus, a new record insect pest in Aershan, Inner Mongolia

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Forest Ecosystems 2008年第1期10卷 14-18页

作者： kari KElIVAARA Department of Applied Biology University of Helsinki FIN-00014 Finland

Biological characteristics of a new record pest insect Acanthocinus carinulatus Gebler has been reported in China. During the last few years, outbreaks of this insect in larch (larix gmelinii Rupr.) plantations of Aershan, Inner Mongolia have occurred. Each year one generation is born. The insects only damage the phloem in l. gmelinii, overwinter in galleries as larvae and pupate in May of the following year. The pupation culminates in late May. The pupal phase lasts about 45 d. Adults emerge in early June and require nutrition after emergence. Mating and oviposition occur from late June to early August and the adult males and females and may copulate many times in their lifetime. The female adults lay eggs in bark crevices. Oviposition sites with one egg occupy 70.5% of all sites, sites with three eggs occupy 6.8% and 22.7% of all crevices are without eggs. Eggs stay in this stage for a period of 7 to 11 d. larvae hatch in early July and hibernate in early September. The rate of successful hatching is only 37.8%.

关键词： Acanthocinus carinulatus biological characteristics larix gmelinii Rupr.

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Invasive sequence and ecological niche of main insect borers of larix gmelinii forest in Aershan, Inner Mongolia

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Forest Ecosystems 2008年第1期10卷 9-13页

作者： kari KElIVAARA Department of Applied Biology University of Helsinki FIN-00014 Finland

After the outbreak of Dendrolimus superans Buter in 2002, many insect borers quickly invaded larch (larix gmelinii Rupr.) forests in the Aershan of Inner Mongolia. Methods involved included setting sample plots, collecting adults in iron traps and measuring areas of galleries to study the invasive sequence, their ecological niche and the extent of the different effects by the main insect borers to their hosts. The results showed that the damage of D. superans weakened l. gmelinii, first Ips subelongatus Motschulsky invaded, followed by Acanthocinus carinulatus Gebler, Monochamus urussovi Fisher and M. sutor l. After the outbreak of D. superans, the average density of longhorn beetles per l. gmelinii tree increased. The ecological niche of Ips subelongatus stretches almost from the base to the top of the trunk. The number of insects in older stands of l. gmelinii is larger than those in middle aged stands. They do not damage healthy trees of l. gmelinii. The ecological niche of A. carinulatus is higher in dead l. gmelinii trees than in weak ones. The degree of damage is directly proportional with age and depth of bark. M. urussovi mainly damages trunks below 4 m in weak trees; in dead trees they can do damage up to 6 m in height. M. sutor mainly damages trunks below 5 m in weak l. gmelinii trees; in dead trees they cause damage up to 7 m. Again, the degree of damage is directly proportional with age. None of the three species of longhorn beetles damage healthy l. gmelinii and younger trees. Among the main insect borers, the degree of damage caused by I. subelongatus is more serious than that of other insects.

关键词： Dendrolimus superans invasive sequence insect borer ecological niche damage degree

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Association of Helicobacter pylori IgA antibodies with the risk of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第43期11卷 6871-6874页

作者： Timo U Kosunen kari Seppl Seppo Sarna Arpo Aromaa Paul Knekt Jarmo Virtamo Anniina Salomaa-Rsnen Hilpi Rautelin Department of Bacteriology and Immunology Gastroenterological Research Unit Department of Public Health National Public Health Institute

AIM: To compare the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hpylori) IgG and IgA antibodies between adult subjects,with defined gastric diseases, nondefined gastric disorders and those representing the ***: Data on H pylori IgG and IgA antibodies,determined by enzyme immunoassay, were analyzed in 3 252 subjects with DGD including 482 patients with gastric ulcer, 882 patients with duodenal ulcer, 1 525patients with chronic gastritis only and 363 subjects with subsequent gastric cancer, 19 145 patients with NoDg and4 854 POPUl subjects. The age-adjusted prevalences were calculated for 1- and 20-year age ***: The prevalences of IgG antibodies were equally high (89-96%) in all 20-year age cohorts of the DGD groups, whereas the prevalences of IgG antibodies were lower and increased by age in the POPUl and NoDg groups. The prevalences of IgA antibodies were also higher in the DGD groups; among them CA (84-89%) and GU groups (78-91%) showed significantly higher prevalences than DU (68-77%) and CG patients (59-74%) (OR 2.49, 95%CI 1.86-3.34 between the GU and DU groups). In the CA, GU, and DU groups, the IgA prevalences showed only minor variation according to age, while they increased by age in the CG, POPUl, and NoDg groups (P≤0.0001). The IgA response, but not the IgG response, was associated with an increased risk of CA (OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.79-3.53) and GU (OR 2.57,95%CI 1.95-3.39) in comparison with CG ***: An IgA antibody response during H pylori infection is significantly more common in CA and GU patients as compared with CG patients.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori IgA antibodies Gastriccancer Gastric ulcer Duodenal ulcer Chronic gastritis

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An integrated assessment approach to optimal forest bioenergy production for young Scots pine stands

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 220-229页

作者： Tianjian Cao kari Hyytiainen Henna Hurttala lauri Valsta Jerome K.Vanclay College of Forestry Northwest A&F University Department of Economics and Management University of Helsinki Department of Forest Sciences Forest Research Centre Southern Cross University

Background: Bioenergy is re-shaping opportunities and imperatives of forest management. This study demonstrates,through a case study in Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris l.), how forest bioenergy policies affect stand management ***: Optimization studies were examined for 15 Scots pine stands of different initial stand densities, site types, and temperature sum regions in Finland. Stand development was model ed using the Pipe Qual stand simulator coupled with the simulation-optimization tool Opti For Bioenergy to assess three forest bioenergy policies on energy wood harvest from early ***: The optimal solutions maximizing bare land value indicate that conventional forest management regimes remain optimal for sparse stands. Energy harvests occurred only when profitable, led to lower financial returns. A forest bioenergy policy which included compulsory energy wood harvesting was optimal for denser stands. At a higher interest rate(4 %), increasing energy wood price postponed energy wood harvesting. In addition, our results show that early thinning somewhat reduced wood quality for stands in fertile sites. For less fertile sites, the changes were ***: A constraint of profitable energy wood harvest is not rational. It is optimal to carry out the first thinning with a flexible forest bioenergy policy depending on stand density.

关键词： Energy wood Policy design Precommercial thinning Scots pine Simulation-optimization

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Immunoprofiling of Drosophila Hemocytes by Single-cell Mass Cytometry

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第2期19卷 243-252页

作者： Jozsef A.Balog Viktor Honti Eva Kurucz Beata kari laszlo G.Puskas Istvan Ando Gabor J.Szebeni laboratory of Functional Genomics Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CentreSzeged H-6726Hungary University of Szeged Ph.D.School in BiologySzeged H-6726Hungary Immunology Unit Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CentreSzeged H-6726Hungary Department of Physiology Anatomy and NeuroscienceFaculty of Science and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedSzeged H-6726Hungary

Single-cell mass cytometry(SCMC)combines features of traditional flow cytometry(i.e.,fluorescence-activated cell sorting)with mass spectrometry,making it possible to measure several parameters at the single-cell level for a complex analysis of biological regulatory *** this study,we optimized SCMC to analyze hemocytes of the Drosophila innate immune *** used metal-conjugated antibodies(against cell surface antigens H2,H3,H18,l1,l4,and P1,and intracellular antigens 3A5 and l2)and anti-IgM(against cell surface antigen l6)to detect the levels of antigens,while anti-GFP was used to detect crystal cells in the immune-induced *** investigated the antigen expression profile of single cells and hemocyte populations in naive states,in immune-induced states,in tumorous mutants bearing a driver mutation in the Drosophila homologue of Janus kinase(hopTum)and carrying a deficiency of the tumor suppressor gene lethal(3)malignant blood neoplasm-1[l(3)mbn1],as well as in stem cell maintenance-defective hdcD84 mutant *** analysis enabled the discrimination of the functionally different major hemocyte subsets for lamellocytes,plasmatocytes,and crystal cells,and delineated the unique immunophenotype of Drosophila *** have identified subpopulations of l2^(+)/P1^(+)and l2^(+)/l4^(+)/P1^(+)transitional phenotype cells in the tumorous strains l(3)mbn1 and hopTum,respectively,and a subpopulation of l4^(+)/P1^(+)cells upon immune *** results demonstrated for the first time that SCMC,combined with multidimensional bioinformatic analysis,represents a versatile and powerful tool to deeply analyze the regulation of cell-mediated immunity of Drosophila.

关键词： Mass cytometry Innate immunity Drosophila Single-cell analysis Hemocyte

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Prosthetic and orthotic options for lower extremity amputation and reconstruction

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第2期6卷 8-22页

作者： Christopher S.Crowe Kate A.Impastato Alex C.Donaghy Caryn Earl Janna l.Friedly kari A.Keys Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98104USA Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98104USA Prosthetics and Orthotics Clinic Harborview Medical CenterSeattleWA 98109USA

lower extremity injury and deformity can result from a number of etiologies. Regardless of the underlying cause, the decision to pursue amputation or reconstruction of a lower limb is challenging for both patients and *** decision is largely dependent on the patient's premorbid health and function, functional goals and preferences,and characteristics and viability of the affected limb. The role of adaptive devices following surgery should never be underestimated. Advances in prostheses and orthoses have provided patients with a wider range of options to consider when deciding between limb reconstruction and amputation. The primary goals of any adaptive device are to improve function, prevent recurrence or ulceration of the defect, and allow for use of conventional footwear and/or *** a lower extremity amputation is indicated, selection of the correct level is of critical importance in order to optimize healing potential and function. Each distinct level has certain inherent prosthetic and orthotic considerations. likewise,the application of an adaptive device following reconstruction of the lower extremity also has demonstrable benefits and must be tailored to the specific defect and procedure performed. Knowledge of available prosthetic and orthotic options is of considerable importance for the reconstructive surgeon tasked with limb salvage or resurfacing an amputated extremity. This article reviews considerations of various types of lower extremity amputation and reconstruction, and provides a framework for the role of adaptive devices following surgery.

关键词： Prosthesis orthosis amputation reconstruction rehabilitation lower extremity

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